共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
为研究液化砂土的流动变形特征,开展了液化砂土的流体特性试验研究。基于边界层理论研发一套液化砂土表观黏度测试装置,主要由调速电机、电机调速器、圆柱转子、扭矩传感器等部分组成,该装置能有效测试液化砂土的表观黏度;开展了不同孔压比、转速下饱和砂土表观黏度及圆柱转子所受摩擦力矩特性研究,着重分析了液化后砂土的表观黏度特性。结果表明,液化前孔压发展及液化后孔压消散阶段摩擦力矩均受到孔压比及转速的影响;液化后砂土孔压逐渐消散,强度恢复,流动能力衰减,表观黏度升高,表观黏度与孔压比呈现出一定的线性相关性;表观黏度随着剪应变率的增大而降低,且两者呈现出幂函数关系,表明液化后砂土具有典型幂律型剪切稀化非牛顿流体特征。 相似文献
2.
The extent of damage and affected areas in Bhuj earthquake (26th January 2001) has provided a unique opportunity to evaluate
a wide range of geotechnical issues. A large area in the Rann of Kutch experienced massive liquefaction resulting in ground
subsidence and lateral flow. A large number of dams in the Kutch district suffered moderate to severe damages. Many buildings
were damaged and collapsed in the city of Ahmedabad situated on the bank of the Sabarmati River. In this paper, the ground
response studies at a site in Ahmedabad City along with observations of geotechnical aspects such as ground cracking, sand
volcanoes and liquefaction of soils associated with the Bhuj earthquake are discussed. The ground response studies indicate
that the varying degree of damage to multistorey buildings in Ahmedabad in the close proximity of Sabarmati river area was
essentially due to the collapse and undesirable settlement of partly saturated silty sand deposits. Large settlements are
attributed to amplification of the ground and the near resonance condition.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
This paper investigates the face stability of shield-driven tunnels shallowly buried in dry sand using 1-g large-scale model tests. A half-circular tunnel model with a rigid front face was designed and tested. The ground movement was mobilized by pulling the tunnel face backwards at different speeds. The support pressure at tunnel face, settlement at ground surface, and internal movement of soil body were measured by load cells, linear variable differential transducers, and a camera, respectively, and the progress of face failure was observed through a transparent lateral wall of model tank. The tests show that, as the tunnel face moves backwards, the support pressure at the tunnel face drops sharply initially, then rebounds slightly, and tends to be stabilized at the end. Similarly, the ground surface settlement shows a three-stage variation pattern. Using the particle image velocimetry technique, the particle movement, shear strain, and vortex location of soil are analyzed. The variation of support pressure and ground surface settlement related to the internal movement of soil particles is discussed. The impact of the tunnel face moving speed on the face stability is discussed. As the tunnel face moves relatively fast, soil failure originates from a height above tunnel invert and an analytical model is developed to analyze such failure. 相似文献
4.
针对黄土地区深基坑降水导致地层不均匀沉降,危及坑周建筑物的问题,论文基于基坑降水诱发地面沉降机理分析,以分层总和法和剪切位移法为基础,推导出降水引起地面沉降的简化计算公式。在忽略群井效应和土层侧向变形的前提下,依据Dupuit公式得出基坑降水曲线方程,将坑周土体以降水曲线为界分为疏干区和饱和区。引入修正系数,对黄土地区不同性质土层因孔隙水压力减小产生的有效应力增量修正,同时考虑桩-土界面侧摩阻力对土体的约束作用,分别计算距井轴不同距离处的沉降量,叠加后得出最终的沉降值。对比数值模拟计算结果及工程实例监测值,分析表明:在桩-土交界处,侧摩阻力对土体竖向沉降的约束作用最明显;在1.5倍降水深度范围内的沉降计算值精度远高于规范算法,能够较好的预测降水期间黄土地区坑周不同距离处的地面沉降量。 相似文献
5.
液化地基侧向流动引起的桩基础破坏分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
20世纪60年代以来,流动地基中的桩基础的震害现象和抗震设计受到了工程师和研究者的广泛关注。对侧向流动地基中桩基础的一些典型震害现象和其可能震害原因的归纳和分析,显示目前研究仍不能完全解释侧向流动地基中桩基础的震害现象。选取新泻地震中昭和大桥桩基础破坏案例采用p-y方法进行计算,分析地基侧向流动引起的桩基础破坏的影响因素。计算结果显示,合理地描述液化砂土的p-y曲线模型在侧向流动地基桩基础分析中起到关键作用。对于侧向流动地基中桩基础的震害机制的进一步理解和抗震设计,有赖于更为合理和有效地液化砂土中的p-y模型的发展。 相似文献
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7.
Soksan Thay Suched Likitlersuang Thirapong Pipatpongsa 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(1):67-82
Record of damages and casualties caused by earthquakes in Thailand reveals that Chiang Mai, the second largest province of Thailand, has faced the great threat among other provinces. Triaxial tests, standard penetration tests, and multichannel analysis of surface wave have been recently performed to understand the dynamic response of Chiang Mai ground. However, the cyclic simple shear test, which could convincingly represent the real seismic ground shaking under repeated horizontal shear force, has not been conducted yet. Therefore, this paper aims to characterize the behaviors of Chiang Mai sand under monotonic and cyclic loadings using a direct simple shear apparatus. Sand specimens taken from the Ping River were prepared by dry deposition technique. The mobilized friction angle at the critical state measured by the direct simple shear test is equal to 37.3° which is 9 % less than that measured by direct shear box test. This paper also provides the appropriate dynamic properties of Chiang Mai sand with the shear strain level <2 % for any practical purpose. Test results showed that the normalized shear modulus agrees well with other investigators while the damping ratio is noticeably smaller than the lower-bound range for sand reported in the past studies. 相似文献
8.
固结比对黏性土动剪切模量影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用共振柱试验方法,对固结比对黏性土最大动剪切模量和对动剪切模量比与剪应变非线性关系的影响进行了研究,并通过土层地震反应计算,初步给出了这种影响对地表反应谱作用的估计。通过对粉质黏土和粉土的系统试验,提出了计算不同固结比粉质黏土和粉土最大动剪切模量的建议公式,并与Hardin公式进行了对比。结果显示,固结比kc >1.0时的最大动剪切模量较kc=1.0时的增长程度明显比Hardin公式要大。与砂土试验结果相比,固结比对黏性土最大动剪切模量影响程度更大。同时,分析了固结比对动剪切模量比与剪应变非线性关系及对地表反应谱的影响。结果表明,固结比对黏性土动剪切模量比与剪应变非线性关系有一定影响,随固结比增加,动剪切模量比非线性关系曲线有一定提高,动剪切模量比值增大,在强地震动作用下的土层反应分析中应考虑实际固结比的影响。 相似文献
9.
固结比对砂土动剪切模量及地表反应谱的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用共振柱试验方法,研究了固结比对砂土最大动剪切模量以及对动剪切模量比与剪应变非线性关系的影响。通过土层地震反应计算,初步给出了这种影响对地表反应谱作用的估计。对福建标准砂和哈尔滨砂进行了系统试验,提出了计算不同固结比砂土最大动剪切模量的建议公式,公式显示固结比kc>1、最大动剪切模量较kc=1时的增长程度明显比Hardin公式要大。同时,给出了固结比对动剪切模量比与剪应变非线性关系及其对地表反应谱的影响。结果表明,固结比对砂土动剪切模量比与剪应变非线性关系有一定影响。随着固结比增加,模量比非线性关系曲线有一定提高,在强地震动作用下的土层反应分析中应考虑实际固结比的影响。 相似文献
10.
为研究近断层脉冲地震动中竖向加速度对砂土场地液化的影响,基于有限元平台OpenSees开发的边界面塑性本构模型,建立了动单剪单元试验模型和饱和砂土三维有限元模型。选取台湾Chi-Chi地震中10条具有速度脉冲特性的地震波,对比分析了水平双向脉冲波与三向脉冲波作用下土柱竖向位移、循环应力比、孔压比及等效循环周数的差异性,继而明确了脉冲地震动中竖向加速度对砂土液化的影响规律。研究表明,三向脉冲地震波中竖向加速度分量对场地永久位移值影响较小,但使永久位移的发展持时明显增大;土柱循环应力比受竖向地震动影响较小,因此分析脉冲地震动对场地剪切特性的影响时,可将三向脉冲地震动简化为水平双向地震动;考虑竖向地震动的三向脉冲地震波引起的孔压比变化幅度较大,孔压消散时间较长;三向脉冲地震波对应的等效循环周数较大,地震动发展持时长,可认为竖向加速度对场地液化有促进作用。 相似文献
11.
Triaxial tests on the fluidic behavior of post-liquefaction sand 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Yu Huang Hu Zheng Wuwei Mao Maosong Huang Guanghui Li 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(8):2325-2330
Liquefaction-induced ground deformation is a major cause of structural damage during earthquakes. However, a better understanding of seismic liquefaction is needed to improve earthquake hazard analyses and mitigate structural damage. In this paper, a dynamic triaxial test apparatus was employed to investigate the fluidic characteristics of post-liquefaction sand. The specimens were vibrated to the point of liquefaction by dynamic loading, and then the liquefied sand was further sheared by triaxial compression in an undrained manner. It was found that a non-Newtonian fluid model can accurately describe the shear stress and the shear strain rate of post-liquefaction sand during undrained triaxial compression. The apparent viscosity, a major parameter in a constitutive model of a non-Newtonian fluid, decreases with an increase in the shear strain rate. 相似文献
12.
通过对2011年新西兰发生的6.3级地震中获取的硬土场地、软土场地和液化场地强震记录实测资料进行分析,研究包括3种类型场地的地震动特征及其相互关系。分析的强震记录为震中距小于50 km,且峰值大于0.05g的23个场地上的加速度记录,其中含3个硬场地、11个软场地和9个液化场地。3种类型场地上的放大系数谱对比分析表明,硬土场地、软土场地和液化场地上的地震动特征具有明显区别,三者层次清晰,差别显著,从地震动表现上液化场地已构成一个与常规场地并列的独立单元;液化场地减少地震动高频分量但同时对低频分量显著放大,与非液化场地相比,液化场地可使其上短周期结构反应减小一半,但同时可使其上长周期结构反应放大2.5～5.0倍;土层的液化对此次地震中克莱斯特彻奇市中心CTV大楼的破坏应有很大影响,大楼自振周期约为0.7 s,地震中土层液化使场地加速度反应谱卓越周期由0.1～0.3 s增到0.5～1.0 s,与大楼的自振周期趋于吻合,加重了大楼震害。以此为鉴,按现有规范中地震动的设计方法,如遇液化场地将对长周期结构给出明显危险的结果,因此从振动角度今后进行结构抗震设计时,可液化场地上的地震动应给予特殊考虑。 相似文献
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14.
Occurrence of liquefaction in saturated sand deposits underlying foundation of structure can cause a wide range of structural damages starting from minor settlement, and ending to general failure due to loss of bearing capacity. If the bearing capacity failure is not the problem, reliable estimation of the liquefaction-induced settlement will be of prime importance in assessment of the overall performance of the structure. Currently, there are few procedures with limited application in practice for estimation of settlement of foundations on liquefied ground. Therefore, development of a general relationship is important from the practical viewpoint. In this paper, the dynamic response of shallow foundations on liquefied soils is studied using a 3D fully coupled dynamic analysis. For verification of the numerical model, simulation of a centrifuge experiment is carried out and the analysis results are compared with the experimental measurements. The results of centrifuge experiment are taken from the literature for the purpose of comparison and the experiment has not been performed by the authors. After verification of the numerical model, a practical relationship for estimation of liquefaction-induced settlement of rigid footings on homogeneous loose to medium fine sand is proposed based on the results of a comprehensive parametric study. In the interpretation process, the soil layer thickness in which the liquefaction takes place is found to be a key parameter, since by normalization with respect to this parameter, effects of a number of other parameters can be eliminated. 相似文献
15.
One of the major causes of earthquake damage is liquefaction. However, it doesn't result in severe harm unless it leads to ground surface damage or ground failure. Therefore, prediction of potential for ground surface damage due to liquefaction is one of the important issues in microzonation studies for liquefaction-induced damage in areas with high seismicity. In 1985, based on a database compiled from Chinese and Japanese earthquakes, Ishihara considered the influence of the non-liquefied cap soil on the occurrence or non-occurrence of ground failure (mainly sand boiling), and proposed an empirical approach to predict the potential for ground surface damage at sites susceptible to liquefaction. However, some investigators indicated that this approach is not generally valid for sites susceptible to lateral spread or ground oscillation. In this study, a contribution to improve the approach by Ishihara is made. For the purpose, an index called liquefaction severity index (LSI) and data from two devastating earthquakes, which occurred in Turkey and Taiwan in 1999, were employed. The data from liquefied and non-liquefied sites were grouped and then analysed. Based on the observations reported by reconnaissance teams who visited both earthquake sites and the results of the liquefaction potential analyses using the filed-performance data, a chart to assess the potential for ground surface disruption at liquefaction-prone areas was produced. The analyses suggest that the procedure proposed by Ishihara is quite effective particularly for the occurrence of sand boils, while the bounds suggested in this method generally may not be valid for the prediction of liquefaction-induced ground surface disruption at sites susceptible to lateral spreading. The chart proposed in this study shows an improvement over the Ishihara's approach for predicting the liquefaction-induced ground surface damage. The microzonation maps comparing the liquefaction sites observed along the southern shore of Izmit Bay and in Yuanlin, and the surface damage and non-damage zones predicted from the proposed chart can identify accurately the liquefaction (sand boiling and lateral spreading) and no-liquefaction sites. 相似文献
16.
砂土液化流动变形的简化方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
已有的液化砂土流动特性试验结果表明,砂土在液化流动状态下是剪切稀化非牛顿流体,可以用幂函数表示其剪应力-剪应变率的关系,从而建立了砂土液化流动的本构方程。基于FLAC3D程序的二次开发平台,将液化流动本构方程开发到FLAC3D中,建立了液化流动变形的简化分析方法。通过倾斜场地的液化流动变形分析,发现倾斜场地的液化变形曲线可以用正弦函数曲线描述,这与Towhata的理论分析成果一致,验证了本方法的合理性。分析了液化层坡度、稠度系数、流动指数以及弹性参数等变量对液化变形的影响。计算结果表明,液化变形随液化层坡度的增大而逐渐增大,液化砂土的稠度系数和流动指数对液化流动变形有重要的影响,而弹性参数对变形基本无影响,因此,在实际工程分析中,需要对流动模型参数进行深入研究。 相似文献
17.
胶新铁路砂土液化区路基沉降规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地震液化常给人们带来巨大损失,而剪切振动和循环荷载作用下的动力学效应常被认为是地震液化的主要原因,人们对剪切荷载作用下饱和砂土的液化问题进行了较多的研究,而对循环荷载作用下砂土液化的动力学效应研究较少。胶新铁路在DK39+000开始为高地震烈度区,DK283+550~DK283+770分布有地震可液化层,工程修建后列车动荷载的影响将会有诱发砂土液化的可能性。为了研究通车前自然沉降特征和通车后循环荷载作用下的路基沉降变形规律,本文在具体分析了砂土液化的概念和准则判别的基础上,重点分析了砂土液化区路基沉降特征,包括测试断面竖向分层沉降变形特征分析和路基水平位移特征分析。最后在试验的基础上,从理论上给出了循环荷载下砂土的本构关系。 相似文献
18.
动扭剪试验中砂土液化后流动特性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土体在初始液化后仍然可能承受动荷载作用发生大变形。引入流体力学中的剪应变率和表观黏度的概念,对振动扭剪试验中饱和砂土液化后的流动特性进行了分析。分析中将砂土的状态分为0有效应力状态和非0有效应力状态。结果表明,砂土在0有效应力状态下表现出与静扭剪试验类似的“剪切稀化”非牛顿流体的特征,表观黏度随着剪应变率的增大而减小。加载周数对“剪切稀化”状态下的剪应变率幅值有影响,随着加载周数的增加,剪应变率幅值逐渐增大,而对流动曲线的形状没有影响。在非0有效应力状态下,砂土的表观黏度随应变的增大而增大,随孔压比的减小而增大,且所有的试验得到的表观黏度与孔压比具有一致关系。 相似文献
19.
黄河三角洲粉质土的动模量和阻尼比试验研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
结合室内共振柱和动三轴实验,对黄河三角洲饱和原状粉质土体(粉土、粉砂、粉质粘土)动模量和阻尼比的影响因素和发展规律进行了详细的研究。研究表明,在粉粒和粘粒含量对动模量的共同影响中,粉粒含量起着举足起重的作用;侧限压力对归一化剪模比和阻尼比的影响均较显著,相比粘粒含量的影响不大。通过与Seed建议的砂土及饱和粘土的G/Gmax~曲线和~曲线进行对比,结果显示研究区的粉质土相比一般的砂土和饱和粘土而言,其动力变形特性更接近于砂土,但是与砂土也存在着非常明显的差异;其发展规律与其他地区沉积粉质土也较为不同,具有明显的区域性。采用修正了的Hard in-D rnevich模型和对数模型分别对G/Gmax~曲线和~曲线进行拟合,给出了三类粉质土的归一化动力变形G/Gmax~/r关系曲线,对模型中有关参数的影响因素做了初步的探讨。 相似文献
20.
基于亚像素角点检测的数字图像测量系统能够记录三轴试样表面方块角点的位移,从而获得试样表面每一时刻的局部应变及应变场。分析了试样不同位置的局部径向应变在剪切过程中的变化,获得了以不同初始成样含水率制备的松砂和密砂试样在不同特征时刻的应力与应变的特征值。通过轴向应变场的变化分析了从应变局部化出现到剪切带发育、形成的这一完整的渐进破坏过程,总结了剪切带形成时的局部最大轴向应变特征值,并定性地分析了剪切带内、外土体在渐进破坏过程中不同的轴向应变增长率。试验结果表明：在应变场中试样应变局部化明显,并可以依此确定应变局部化的出现、剪切带的形成;对于密砂及初始含水率为0%制备的松砂试样,应力在应变局部化出现之初即达到峰值,剪切带形成时应力已经开始下降,进入应变软化阶段;以初始含水率为6%和12%制备的松砂试样在达到应力峰值时剪切带已经形成;剪切带内土体的局部轴向应变增长幅度比剪切带外的土体大得多。试样整体轴向应变的增大主要是由剪切带内土体剪切破坏产生的较大轴向应变所致。 相似文献