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1.
The Doosti Dam was built across the Harirood River on the border between Turkmenistan and Iran. During the reservoir impounding, leakage occurred as new springs through the sandstone layers of the Pesteleigh Aquifer and limy sandstone and limestone layers of the Neyzar–Kalat Aquifer, at the right abutment of the dam. To evaluate the grout curtain operation, a tracer test was carried out by injection of Uranine in a borehole located at the upstream of grout curtain in the Pesteleigh Aquifer. Tracer test results demonstrated a diffuse flow component through the grout curtain in the Pesteleigh Aquifer, but no tracer was detected at the main leakage point, SP1 Spring, emerged downstream of grout curtain from the Neyzar–Kalat Aquifer. Using the spectral coherency function, the lag time between changes in the water level of the injection borehole and water level in the tracer detected boreholes or discharge of the tracer detected springs was determined. Linear regression analyses indicated that the estimated lag time by the time series analysis was close to the first arrival time of the tracer. Therefore, the estimated velocities based on the lag time of time series could be considered close to the calculated velocities based on the first arrival time of the tracer. The estimated groundwater velocities based on the time series analysis ranged from 3.91 to 20.31 m h?1, showed that diffuse flow dominated pathways from the reservoir toward the downstream boreholes in the Neyzar–Kalat Aquifer, while conduit flow was present within the pathways toward the SP1 Spring. Regarding the reservoir volume, the negligible amount of leakage at the maximum water level of the reservoir confirmed well overall operation of the grout curtain at the dam site. 相似文献
2.
Today, grouting is used as an aid in ground improvement in most civil and mining engineering projects. Groutability and grout penetration depth are among the most important issues that are considered in grouting operation. Various parameters such as in-situ stress, pore water pressure, joint geometric and geomechanical characteristics, grout properties (viscosity and yield stress) and technical factors such as grouting pressure and flow rate affect the groutability and grout penetration depth in a jointed rock mass. Knowledge of the effect of these parameters has advantages in the prediction of grouting results. Typically, cement-based grout is used in jointed rock masses. Unlike water, stable cement-based grout usually acts as a Bingham fluid. In this study the effect of important parameters on grouting process in a jointed rock mass was investigated numerically using the DEM method. In the conducted study, the problem geometry represents a horizontal section in a regularly jointed rock mass with two joint sets. The analyses results show that the grout penetration depth and intake increase as joint aperture, normal stiffness and grouting pressure increase and in-situ stress and pore water pressure decrease. Increase in joint spacing does not have any effect on the grout penetration depth but decreases the grout intake. The effect of joint orientation on grouting process is strongly dependent on in-situ stress state. On the other hand, increase in grout yield stress decreases the grout penetration depth and intake, while grout viscosity does not have any effect on maximum grout penetration depth and intake. To further investigate the above mechanisms, the grouting process conducted in Gotvand dam-Iran was simulated numerically. 相似文献
3.
Mahdi Rasouli Maleki 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(6):695-710
Havasan dam site is located in northwest of Iran. The planned concrete dam is to be built on Cretaceous limestone. Faulted
and fractured limestone is exposed at the dam abutments and in the reservoir area. Rock mass properties including the deformation
modulus and uniaxial compressive strength were calculated using different rock mass classification systems (RMR, Q, GSI and
DMR). Laboratory tests indicate that joint filling materials contain clay with low to high plasticity (CL to CH) and low to
medium potential swelling pressures. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the reason for potential swelling of joint fillings
is the existence of clay minerals (such as illite and montmorillonite). The study results about the shear strength of clay-filled
joints show that under JRC–JCS condition (laboratory scale), JRC
n
–JCS
n
(large scale) and normal stress equal to 0.25–4 MPa, the range of shear strength of clay-filled joints will be equal to 0.2–2.17
and 0.14–1.72 MPa. In some areas dissolution along the joints results in high permeability, especially in the right abutment.
Three dominant joint sets occur in the exploration galleries which have been excavated in the right abutment. The maximum
aperture of these joints varies from 7 to 9 cm, and the joints are typically filled with clay. Preliminary analysis shows
that the presence of open joints which will cause seepage of water, combined with the impact of the clay-filled joints and
forces acting on the slopes, could lead to slope failures and rock falls. In addition, the assessment of slope stability results
in abutments using limited equilibrium method and Swedge software under dynamic and static conditions shows that two wedges
formed on the slopes of the abutment by the natural joints are potentially unstable. The rock wedge on the left abutment is
smaller but presents higher sliding potential. In addition, there is no probability of planar failure due to the geological
condition of the dam abutments. This paper summarizes the site investigation and subsequent analysis, which resulted in a
recommendation not to construct this site. We offer some potential mitigation plans to consider if a dam were to be built
at this site. 相似文献
4.
In this study, seepage phenomena through the right abutment of Shahid Abbaspour dam are investigated. The Shahid Abbaspour dam is a 200 m high arch dam, which regulates the waters of the Karun River, serves power generation, and flood control and irrigation needs. The dam site lies in the Zagros Mountains of southern Iran. This region presents continuous series of mainly of karstic limestone, marl, shale and gypsum ranging in age from Jurassic to Pliocene. The region has subsequently been folded and faulted. Seepage from the Shahid Abbaspour reservoir occurs mainly through the karstic limestone.The basic foundation treatment of the dam consisted of consolidation grouting, a high-pressure grout curtain and a drainage curtain. Moreover, a 144 m high and 30 m wide concrete cutoff wall was built to prevent reservoir seepage through a clay-filled fracture zone in the right abutment. The grout curtain penetrates the “Principal Vuggy Zone” only beneath the central portion of the dam and below the cutoff wall. In the right abutment fan curtains were constructed to reduce drainage flows, but the seepage problem could not be solved. In order to determine the seepage direction and karstification pattern, hydrogeological studies have been carried out. Additional investigation boreholes have been drilled to monitor fluctuations in groundwater level. Besides these, water chemistry, dye tracer, pinhole and XRF tests have been carried out. As a result of these studies, seepage paths have been identified in the karstic limestone in the right abutment of the dam. 相似文献
5.
复杂条件下高拱坝应力及坝肩稳定分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
众所周知,研究复杂地质条件下的高拱坝应力和坝肩稳定对确保工程安全具有重要的意义。研究的江坪河高拱坝地质构造较复杂,坝基及坝肩岩体存在大量断层、软弱夹层、泥化夹层和卸荷、风化岩体等地质缺陷,引起两岸坝肩岩体变形不对称、压缩变形量增大以及坝肩局部岩体承载能力低,直接影响到拱坝正常运行和稳定性。因而,对各种工况下的坝体及坝肩岩体进行了三维有限元分析,研究了坝体及坝肩的应力和变形发展状态、可能失稳模式、破坏形态和破坏机制。研究成果表明,未加固时坝肩岩体不稳定,因此,通过研究采用合理的加固处理措施,右岸采用6个传力洞进行加固;左岸采用锚洞进行加固。采取加固措施以后对其进行三维有限元分析,其研究成果表明,加固有一定的效果,改善了两岸的受力状况和变形分布,提高了坝肩稳定性,但左岸坝肩仍不能完全满足规范要求,还需要进一步增加锚洞的面积。 相似文献
6.
A 204 m high solid concrete gravity dam is proposed across the River Yamuna in Garhwal Himalaya, India. It will be located on dolerite rocks which have been intruded into the slates of Chandpur Formation. The present study includes the evaluation of the dam foundation by means of drifts, drill holes, water pressure tests and abutment slope stability studies. The water pressure test indicate the necessity of providing a grout curtain below the dam foundation. The analysis of the dam abutments for stability using the Limit equilibrium method indicates that the right abutment slope is kinematically unstable for plane failure mode. The plane failure analysis of the right abutment slope was carried out by modifying the Hoek and Bray (1981, Rock Slope Engineering, 3rd ed., Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, London) technique of plane failure analysis. The analysis reveals that right abutment slope may become unstable during the stripping operation. Based upon the analysis a safe cut slope design for the abutments have been suggested. Subsurface exploration by means of cross drift and drill holes has indicated a sheared contact of slate and dolerite in the foundation area. To avoid the settlement of the dam along this shear zone precautionary measures are suggested. 相似文献
7.
Comparison of Permeability and Groutability of Ostur Dam Site Rock Mass for Grout Curtain Design 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
The focus of this study is the empirical hydromechanical behaviour of the Ostur dam site rock mass. The area surrounding the dam mostly consists of diorite and andesite, with primary fractures and hydrothermal veins. The hydromechanical behaviour of the rocks was determined using 500 water pressure tests at 5-m intervals. The hydrothermal veins and 2,739 discontinuities were studied and mapped along the dam axis. As a result, it was possible to design an optimum grout curtain for the dam axis. The empirical hydromechanical behaviour of the rock was studied to determine water flow and grout pressurised flow during the field tests that were conducted on two representative A-series grouting operation boreholes (one borehole for each abutment). The secondary permeability index (SPI), Lugeon value (LU), rock quality designation (RQD) and cement take (CT) values are presented and compared in this article. It is concluded that permeability and groutability are mostly controlled by the specifications and characteristics of the veins, especially in shallow areas and lower depths. A procedure is proposed based on a comparison of the trends in the RQD–SPI and LU–CT, and it is suggested that the areas with diverging trends require no treatment and that those with converging trends require heavy treatment. Additional complementary studies that were conducted during the construction stage have validated these results. 相似文献
8.
This paper discusses the results of the engineering geological and geotechnical investigations that have been carried out
at the Daroongar dam site. According to the geomorphology and geological conditions and economic reason, the dam has been
designed as an earth dam with a clay core. The dam foundation is composed of a sequence of sandy limestone and limy marl of
the Upper Cretaceous period. This study is based on field and laboratory investigations, surface discontinuity surveying,
drilled borehole data and permeability of dam foundation. The present studies include the evaluation of the dam foundation
by water pressure tests. The water pressure tests indicate the necessity to provide a grout curtain below the dam foundation.The
geology of the Daroongar dam foundation has a significant influence on the permeability and groutability characteristics.
The permeability of jointed rock masses is strongly depended on joint characteristics; degree of jointing, opening, continuity
and presence of filling materials. The laboratory tests included tests for unit weight, porosity, uniaxial, triaxial, tensile
strength and deformation parameters. The strength and modulus of elasticity of rock masses were determined using the Hoek–Brown
empirical strength criterion. The rock mass qualities and classifications of the dam site is assigned using the rock mass
rating (RMR), the rock quality (Q) and the geological strength index (GSI) classification systems. 相似文献
9.
基于地质力学模型试验的锦屏拱坝坝肩加固效果研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
锦屏一级高拱坝最大坝高305 m,是目前在建的世界最高拱坝,其坝址区地质条件复杂,存在断层、蚀变岩脉、层间挤压带、节理裂隙及深部裂缝等各类软弱结构面,坝与地基的整体稳定问题突出。为使坝体达到良好的受力状态,满足拱座的抗滑稳定与变形稳定等要求,工程上采取了大量的加固措施,主要有左坝肩垫座、左右坝肩混凝土网格洞塞置换、刻槽置换、传力洞等。加固处理后,坝肩的整体稳定性以及坝肩坝基的加固效果如何是工程上关心的重要问题。采用两个三维地质力学模型,分别开展了锦屏一级高拱坝在地基未加固和加固两个方案下的坝肩稳定综合法破坏试验研究,对比分析了两个方案下坝与地基的变形分布特性、坝肩坝基失稳的破坏机制和整体稳定安全度。结果表明：坝肩坝基加固处理后,坝体及左、右两岸坝肩变位的对称性得到明显改善,变位量值减小;在相同的超载倍数下,加固方案下两坝肩开裂破坏的范围减小,破坏程度减轻,坝肩破坏失稳的超载系数增大,超载能力得到提高;未加固方案拱坝整体稳定综合法试验安全系数为4.7 ~ 5.0,加固方案下安全系数为5.2 ~ 6.0,安全度得到明显提高。综合分析认为,锦屏拱坝采用以坝肩垫座、混凝土网格置换洞塞、刻槽置换、传力洞等为主的加固方案对坝肩坝基起到了良好的加固效果。 相似文献
10.
Ghodrat Barzegari 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(3):991-1011
Since every dam site is unique and different from the rest, special geological and geotechnical investigation for each dam is a key factor in the success of the project. The Peygham-chay is a 55 m in height is an embankment dam with a clay core that is situated to the northwest of Iran and is under construction at present. The dam is founded on a valley filled by 12 m alluvium deposits that thicknesses increase toward left abutment up to 60 m. The dam site investigated based on surface discontinuity surveying, drilled boreholes logging data, in situ and laboratory tests. Detailed and extensive surface and subsurface explorations have been carried out at the dam site to characterize the geotechnical properties of foundation. The geology of the site consists of a series of cretaceous basic lavas intrusion composed with andesite, basalt and diabase that cropped out on the right abutments and is strongly fractured due to numerous joints and faults. Permeability of fissured rock mass is strongly depends on joint properties (degree of jointing, opening, continuity, filling material and weathering). In this paper in situ permeability of foundation was evaluated based on water pressure tests (lugeon) results and secondary permeability index (SPI). The impact of water pressure on joints characteristics and consequently flow rate are investigated and considered in the results. The overall groutability of rock mass was evaluated by comparison of RQD as an index of rock jointing degree and SPI values. The results indicated that permeability of rock mass in more than 66% of the tests is very low and not required for treatment. Meanwhile in the rest of sections the construction of preferred sealing system in necessary. 相似文献
11.
This paper describes the results of the engineering geological investigations and geotechnical studies performed in the Nargesi dam site. The dam foundation located on the sedimentary rocks of Neogen period. To conduct this study, the steps including field and laboratory investigations, surface discontinuity surveying, drilled borehole data, and permeability were performed on dam foundation. Besides, the evaluation of the dam foundation was carried out by water pressure tests, which indicate the necessity of creating a grout curtain below the dam foundation. The permeability and groutability characteristics of the Nargesi dam foundation are significantly affected by geology of the site. The rock mass properties of the test section obtained from secondary permeability index (SPI) completed with the degree of jointing of the drill core acts as a useful reference for ground treatment design. Here, the performed laboratory tests were as: determination of density, moisture percent, porosity percent, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength, Point-load strength index (Is50), p-wave velocity (Cp), s-wave velocity (Cs), deformability, and triaxial tests. The rock mass properties and classifications of the damsite is assessed using rock mass rating, the rock quality (Q), and the geological strength index classification systems. The strength and modulus elasticity of rock masses were determined through the equations proposed by different researchers. According to the findings of this work, except for some cases, there is a reasonable correlation between SPI and rock quality designation values. Based on these results, grout type and composition was suggested for the design of grout curtain. 相似文献
12.
杨庄水库左岸坝肩含石英泥晶白云岩、泥质粉晶白云岩残积土分布厚度大,含水量大,干密度低,孔隙率高,土体不仅力学强度底,而且压缩性大,不宜作为大坝地基,挖除该层会造成工程量和工程造价的增加。因此,对左坝肩全风化岩石的工程特性进行了专门研究,并提出了处理措施。 相似文献
13.
坝址区复杂的地质条件与岩体力学环境变化,直接影响坝肩岩体抗滑稳定及拱坝的安全。我国西南乌东德超高拱坝坝址区工程地质条件极为复杂。坝体载荷后,区域内地层岩性、断层构造、岩溶系统、拱座内不连续裂隙等自然地质条件,成为影响坝肩岩体稳定性的主要因素。基于可研阶段地质勘探数据、二维地质剖面和工程设计数据,采用面向对象技术、多种软件协同作业,建立自然地质条件和工程对象的几何模型。构建适用于地应力反演分析,坝体载荷、工程开挖等因素影响下坝肩稳定性分析的三维精细有限元计算模型。该三维模型最大程度地模拟了工程岩体复杂结构,为高拱坝坝肩岩体稳定性综合分析提供良好的基础。计算结果表明:河谷两侧近地表地应力带及河床深部地应力区应力水平与实际量测值接近。坝肩槽开挖完成后,右岸拱肩槽800 m高程附近位移值最大达到12.9 mm。两岸9个可能滑动楔块在不同荷载组合条件下有一定差异,整体上左岸坝肩稳定性强于右岸。组合地震荷载作用下,所有楔块安全系数均大幅下降,但仍具有一定的安全裕度。 相似文献
14.
Seepage problems in the karstic limestone foundation of the Kalecik Dam (south Turkey) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sedat Turkmen Eray
zgüler Hidayet Taga Talip Karaogullarindan 《Engineering Geology》2002,63(3-4):247-257
Seepage phenomena through the karstic limestone foundation of Kalecik Dam are investigated. The dam, designed as a rock-fill dam with a height of 77 m, is already used for irrigation. The foundation consists of Mesozoic ophiolite, Paleocene allochthonous units composed of different lithologies, and Miocene conglomerate. The conglomerate lies unconformably on the other units. Quaternary basaltic lava patchily covers the others. Seepage from upstream to downstream occurs through the allochthonous karstic limestone. This limestone, which is overlain by conglomerates, has a thickness increasing towards the right abutment.
To prevent seepage at the right abutment, a 200-m long and 60-m deep grout curtain along the dam axis was constructed. After the impoundment, some springs occurred downstream, and for this reason, extra grouting was performed. However, the seepage problem could not be solved. In order to determine the seepage direction and karstification pattern, hydrological studies have been done. Additional investigation boreholes have been drilled to observe fluctuations of the groundwater level and to analyze hydrochemistry. Also, dye tracer tests have been carried out.
As a result of these hydrogeological studies, seepage paths were observed in the karstic limestone located between the dam and the spillway. As those carbonate rocks continue beneath the spillway, the seepage problems are enjected to continue. 相似文献
15.
岩溶水库坝基防渗帷幕灌浆幕深与幕长的结构形式及处理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
防渗帷幕灌浆是处理岩溶地区水库坝基坝肩渗漏的主要方法之一，它可以杜绝深、浅层的复杂的岩溶漏水问题，帷幕设计的合理性及其效果取决于水文地质、地下水的补排条件，水工建筑物结构之间的帷幕体的搭接形式，布置格局和边界范围。本文根据34处渗漏水库的灌浆实践，提出确定帷幕的深度和长度的原则，并得出了相关曲线和经验公式，对岩溶地区水库的渗漏处理进行探讨。 相似文献
16.
Estimating cement take and grout efficiency on foundation improvement for Li-Yu-Tan dam 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Chau-Ping Yang 《Engineering Geology》2004,75(1):1-14
The cement take needed for dam foundation improvement with grout-curtain is difficult to estimate due to the complexity of the rock foundation and the great number of Lugeon tests involved in the analysis. Therefore, this study adopted the mean method, the linear regression method, and the back-propagation neural network (BPN) method to analyze the grout-curtain construction data of the Li-Yu-Tan dam, Taiwan, in order to estimate the cement take needed. The samples analyzed included data from 3532 grout sections. The data from the first half of the grout-curtain construction were used to derive the parameters of the predictive schemes, and then the second half of the grout-curtain construction's data were used to test the accuracy of those schemes. The accuracy levels estimated by these three methods on gross cement take were 71.8%, 59.8%, and 75.3% for the mean method, the linear regression method and the BNP method, respectively. All accuracy levels estimated by these three methods were higher than the original design level of 43.4%. Furthermore, the efficiency of the grout improvement in the studied cases were confirmed by observing the changes of the distribution curve of the Lugeon value following each grout sequence. The method proposed is intelligible and can be applied in other situations. 相似文献
17.
18.
在调查高腊梅水库大坝所处地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造与地震及水文地质等地质环境条件的基础上,研究了坝体、坝基及坝肩的工程地质特征,对坝体的稳定性、填筑土的渗漏,坝基及坝肩岩（土）体的渗透等问题进行了评价.对可能产生的工程地质危害及应采取的加固处理措施等提出了有针对性的建议. 相似文献
19.
利用Monte-Carlo原理进行三维结构面网络模拟是研究岩体内节理面发育规律最常用的技术手段,节理体积频率(v)则是影响结构面网络模拟正确与否的关键参数之一,需要根据野外实测节理线频率()进行换算。利用三维结构面网络模拟程序,提出了基于线频率反演节理体积频率的新思路。首先赋给某组节理一个初始体积频率,利用三维结构面网络模拟程序,生成只包含该组节理的三维网络模型样本,计算此模型中该组节理在测线方向上的线频率,不同体积频率(v)对应不同线频率(),进而可建立两者的函数关系,最后将测线方向上该组节理的线频率带入该函数即可确定其体积频率。以贵州省息烽县鱼简河水库坝址区岩体为例,按照上述思路根据测线法统计数据计算了节理体积频率,结果表明v与之间呈现出高度的线性关系。当节理圆盘半径服从对数正态分布时,v与max 的比值约为0.4~1.0,而当节理圆盘半径服从负指数分布时,v与max 的比值约为1.3~3.5。最后依据《工程岩体分级标准(GB50218-94)》 表3.3.1、 表3.4.3和 表3.4.4,分别基于线频率和体积频率对鱼简河水库坝肩岩体完整性进行了评价,结果表明,后者评价结果的可信度比前者高。 相似文献
20.
在高拱坝坝肩稳定地质力学模型试验研究过程中,坝肩岩体内各软弱结构面的相对位移变化趋势是判定坝肩失稳及分析坝肩整体稳定安全度的重要参考依据。目前的量测仪器,如电阻应变片、表面位移计只能对坝体应变和坝肩抗力体表面位移进行量测,而对于坝肩岩体内软弱结构面的相对位移则难以获取。因此,针对上述问题,以电阻应变技术为基础,研制了用于获取结构面相对位移的内埋式位移系统,该系统由信号采集仪器、惠斯通电桥和位移传感器组成。在模型试验中,通过内埋式位移系统,获得加载过程中相应测点的应变变化过程,再由应变-位移关系曲线,即可得出位移值。结合锦屏一级高拱坝整体稳定地质力学模型试验,将该系统安装于需量测的坝肩软弱结构面上,获得了结构面在加载过程中的位移变化过程线,同时与大坝应变和坝肩表面位移监测成果进行对比分析,验证了内埋式位移系统的可行性,其测试成果可为判定坝与地基的整体稳定提供依据。 相似文献