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1.
Chuanbo Zhou Shiwei Lu Nan Jiang Dingbang Zhang Zhihua Zhang Gaojian Miao 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(3):847-866
In Daye Iron Mine, the open-pit mining has ended and the underground mining started in 2003. The present pit slopes are as high as 430 m and the slope angle is up to 43°. During the process of open-pit to underground mining, the high-steep pit slopes would be affected by both open-pit mining and underground mining, and its deformation characteristics would become more complex. So in this paper, the trinity method of numerical simulation, model experiment and field test was adopted to analyze the displacement and stress fields systematically. The results show that: (1) Prominent rebound deformation occurs near the slope foot, which is induced by the unloading in open-pit mining. When it is backfilled to 0 m level, the rebound deformation decreases, which indicate that backfilling mass can restrict the deformation and improve the slope stability; (2) Subsidence dominates the slope deformation in open-pit to underground mining and it increases with an increasing elevation of monitoring point; the maximum horizontal displacement occurs in the lower part of the slopes, because the backfilled part is squeezed by both the north slope and the south slope, and it has a lower elastic modulus than the previous orebody; (3) The stress and its variability near the slope foot are much larger than other places, indicating that the slope foot is most affected by stress redistribution and stress concentration may occur here; the stress at other stress monitoring points changes little, indicating that the influence of open-pit to underground mining is local; (4) The effect of underground mining on the deformation of the faults is not prominent; (5) Mining operations in near-ground part affect more on the variation of deformation and stress of pit slopes than that in deeper part. 相似文献
2.
已有百年开采历史的抚顺西露天矿进入闭坑期,由于资源的开采,导致西露天矿长期受地质灾害的威胁。为了总结西露天矿地质灾害发生规律、保障矿区及近矿城区的生产生活安全,同时为其他同类露天矿的灾害分析、安全防护提供可参考案例,从时间和空间尺度对抚顺西露天矿滑坡、地裂缝的分布规律和影响因素进行研究分析,基于DPSR模型,从驱动力响应、压力响应、状态响应三个方面提出对应的断链减灾和安全防护措施。地质灾害的时空分布特征为:滑坡灾害最早出现于1927年南帮西部,滑坡主要位置由南帮西部区域向西端帮、北帮西部、北帮中部、北帮东部方向发展,近年南帮出现大规模岩质边坡滑移变形,1970—2000年期间,滑坡灾害最为频发,2000年以后滑坡灾害频次减少,且滑坡灾害多发生在5—9月份;北帮附近地裂缝出现于1960年后,上世纪70、80年代加速发育,走向与F1、F1A断层走向基本一致,南帮地裂缝分布在南帮巨大滑移变形体后缘,呈弧扇型分布,于2009年出现,2012年后迅速发展。通过对灾害影响因素分析发现,滑坡与地裂缝存在同源性和互为因果性的链式关系,影响矿区地质灾害发生的主要因素为地质构造和不良工程地质环境控制、采矿活动驱动、降雨及地下水因素的诱发。 相似文献
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露天底境界顶柱优化是露天转井下过渡时期的重要课题,该优化问题包括多个决策变量和多个评价指标,已有方法的优化效果不够理想。针对露天转井下境界顶柱优化特点,将遗传算法与三维数值模拟相结合,研究了境界顶柱全局优化的进化数值模拟方法,给出优化的指标和步骤,并将该方法用于大杏山铁矿的露天转井下境界顶柱的优化。工程应用表明所提出的井下境界顶柱优化方法是可行的。获得的最优方案对该矿山露天转井下的采矿设计具有指导作用。 相似文献
4.
对于进入中晚期的露天金属矿,为了延长矿山的寿命或露天转地采稳产过渡,通常选择露天与地下联合开采,那么矿体采动下的边坡稳定性问题则尤为突出。在边坡几何形态、上部荷载和材料性质等不变的情况下,极限平衡获得的边坡安全系数为定值,因此,不能用来反映地下矿体采动对边坡稳定性影响。为了克服常规极限平衡方法的上述缺陷,采用基于边坡应力场的矢量和法求解滑动面的安全系数,结合蚁群算法与遗传算法联合搜索边坡临界滑动面,以确定矿体开采前后边坡的安全系数和临界滑动面。最后,给出一个假定算例和两个工程算例说明上述安全系数求解和临界滑面搜索方法的有效性,并揭示了地下矿体开采对露天采场边坡的稳定性的影响。 相似文献
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由于地下开采形成了大量的采空区,容易发生坍塌事故,尤其对于从地下开采转为露天开采的矿山影响很大,对矿区的安全生产造成隐患,因此对采空区的处理十分重要。针对这一现状,本文研究了一种多层采空区充填井成井工艺,以对多层采空区进行支护处理。通过这种工艺可以减少岩石的移动幅度,防止大面积的地压活动,为矿区的生产和安全提供保障。由于各个矿山的条件不同,采空区的具体位置、形态特征及大小等的不同,对采空区处理方法也不尽相同,本文针对河南省栾川钼矿采空区的特点进行充填井成井工艺的研究与试验。 相似文献
6.
Controlling of landsides safely and economically is a great challenge to mine operators because landslides are major geological
problems especially in open-pit mines. In this paper, a case history at Panluo open-pit mine is presented in detail to share
the experiences and lessons with mine operators. Panluo open-pit mine is located in the southwestern Fujian province of China.
It is the largest open-pit iron mine in the Fujian province and was planned in 1965 and is in full operation from 1978. In
July 1990, an earthquake of magnitude 5.3 in Taiwan Strait and big rainstorms impacted the mine slope, causing tension cracks
and rather large-scale failures, and forming a U-shaped landslide. Total potential volume was estimated to be up to 1.0 × 106 m3. This directly threatened the mine production. In order to protect the mine production and the dwellers’ safety around, a
dynamic comprehensive method was implemented including geotechnical investigations, in-situ testing and monitoring, stability
analysis, and many mitigation and preventive measures. These measures slowed down the development and further occurrence of
the landslide. The results showed that the landslides were still active, it was slowed with the control measures and moved
rapidly with rainfall and mining down. However, no catastrophic accidents occurred and the pit mining was continued till it
was closed at the elevation of 887 m in 2000. As a successful case of landslide control at an open-pit mine for 10 years,
this paper reports the controlling measures in details. These experiences of landslide control may be beneficial to other
similar mines for landslide control. 相似文献
7.
Eugie Kabwe 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(4):1453-1473
In this study based on practical geological setting of the hangingwall, orebody and footwall. Two comprehensive evaluation models for selecting the underground mining method to extract the Nchanga Upper Orebody were proposed which constituted of six key attributes of technical economic, rock substance strength, production, orebody dip and thickness. These evaluation models are analyzed by the multiple attribute decision making methods based on eigenvalues, eigenvectors and fuzzy mathematics. In addition two different continuum numerical methods Examine2D and RS3 are employed to simulate the mining process of the Upper Orebody and finally the optimal mining scheme is determined. By using analytical hierarchy process, Yager’s method and numerical modeling some useful conclusions for mining the highly folded Upper Orebody have been drawn, which will be beneficial to the Nchanga mine. 相似文献
8.
Since 1998, BHP Billiton has mined diamonds at the Ekati Diamond Mine™ near Lac de Gras in the Northwest Territories of Canada. Current operations are based on mining multiple pipes by the open-pit method, but as some pits deepen, converting to underground mining is being considered.
As a test of underground mining methods and to provide access to the lower elevations of the Panda and Koala pipes, the Koala North pipe is being developed for underground mining. Initially, the top 40 m of the pipe were mined as an open pit to provide grade information and a prepared surface for the transition to underground mining. Currently, Koala North is being developed as an open-benching, mechanized, trackless operation. Although the method was successfully used at several De Beers diamond operations in South Africa, it has never been tested in an Arctic environment.
This case study describes basic geology, mining method layout and ongoing geological and geotechnical investigation. From the beginning of underground development, geotechnical daily routines have been fully integrated within the technical services department, which supports the operation. Geotechnical, geological and structural information obtained from underground mapping and core logging is compiled, processed, reviewed and analyzed on site by the geotechnical staff. Conclusions and recommendations are implemented as part of the operations in a timely manner. This ongoing “live” process enables the operators to make the most efficient use of resources both for ground support and excavations as well as to address safety issues, which are the top priority. 相似文献
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Mining-induced water inrush is a sudden and destructive underground disaster caused by a mining disturbance. This disaster occurs frequently in the northern region of Shaanxi province in China due to overburden fractures in shallow seam mining, which pose a great threat to residents’ safety. It is therefore essential to construct an accurate prediction model. This study first applies selection hierarchy analysis to the main controlling factors of roof water inrush to study their weights using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) including five factors: surface water catchment features, wateriness of the aquifer, water-resistant characteristics of aquiclude, combined influence of overburden, and mining disturbance characteristics. The grey relational analysis (GRA) method is used to calculate the correlation degree of each water inrush. The AHP-GRA method presents a comprehensive evaluative model combining the advantages of both approaches to analyze mining safety. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of the roof water inrush prediction model in shallow seam mining are established. Secondly, risk prediction of roof water inrush points and comprehensive water inrush is determined using engineering examples from the Hanjiawan coal mine. Results indicate that during safety mining, water inflow data are consistent with our prediction, thereby substantiating the model’s accuracy and providing a new method for predicting roof water inrush in shallow seam mining. 相似文献
11.
煤炭资源在我国能源结构中仍处于主体地位,但煤炭工业发展面临着“碳达峰碳中和”的新挑战。积极发展煤炭开发地下空间储能技术,是推动能源利用低碳化和清洁化的有效手段,也是保证我国能源战略安全的关键措施。结合当前储能技术,探讨了煤炭开发地下空间的利用现状,围绕利用煤炭开发地下空间抽水蓄能、热储能、压缩空气储能、电化学储能、生物质储能等储能新技术,重点阐述废弃矿井不同能源类型的储能理念及方式,系统分析储能过程中面临的地质保障关键技术难题。煤炭开发地下空间储能新技术总体思路为：利用煤炭开发地下空间所具有的低位势能差,将其用作梯级储水库(抽水蓄能);或直接将其用作储质、储能空间(热储能、压缩空气储能、电化学储能、生物质储能),既可提升煤炭开发地下空间资源的开发利用率,又可避免土地资源浪费,尽量降低对生态环境的扰动。虽然煤炭开发地下空间可作为大规模储能库,但其开发利用过程仍存在一些亟待解决的地质问题以及地质保障技术。主要包括：(1)地质条件与选址适宜性分析和安全性评价,即对储能空间的地质因素进行岩土工程性质和环境地质条件的系统研究,查明储能空间稳定性主控因素及其权重,构建选址指标体系与评价方法,重点查... 相似文献
12.
露天采矿场边坡失稳作为露天开采矿山常见的一种地质灾害,对采矿工人的人身安全和矿山开采设施及财产造成了极大危害。本文通过对大宝山露天采场边坡相关影响因素的研究,从影响采场稳定性的地质因素、采空区综合分析,辅以赤平极射投影的方法,探讨了在复杂地质背景下露天采场边坡失稳地质灾害的预测及其综合治理对策。 相似文献
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遥感与深度学习为及时掌握露天煤矿区土地利用情况提供了高效率的技术手段。基于国产高分二号(GF-2)卫星高分辨率遥感影像,利用深度学习DeepLabv3+模型实现露天煤矿区土地利用识别,并与U-Net、FCN、随机森林、支持向量机、最大似然法等方法进行对比。首先,制作高分辨率影像样本数据,通过敏感性测试确定适合研究区露天煤矿场景的样本最佳裁剪尺寸和方式;然后,训练深度神经网络DeepLabv3+模型,进行土地利用识别实验;最后,比较不同方法的识别结果。结果表明:研究区露天煤矿场景下的样本最佳裁剪尺寸为512像素×512像素,最佳裁剪方式为随机裁剪。采用的DeepLabv3+模型对露天煤矿区土地利用识别的总体精度、Kappa系数分别为80.10%、0.73,均优于U-Net、FCN、随机森林、支持向量机、最大似然法等方法的识别精度。DeepLabv3+模型的识别速度与上述5种方法保持在同一数量级,验证了DeepLabv3+模型和GF-2卫星影像在露天煤矿区土地利用识别中的可行性,对露天煤矿区生态环境监测与修复规划具有重要意义。 相似文献
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露天开采是我国煤矿开采的两大方式之一。与地下开采煤矿类似，露天煤矿在开采过程中同样面临防治水问题，由于我国露天煤矿水害类型相对单一，国内学者鲜有对露天煤矿的水害特征和防治水技术进行深入研究。以我国露天煤矿分布范围为出发点，从充水水源、充水通道、充水强度3方面分析露天煤矿水害特征，得出大气降水、地表水和浅层地下水是主要充水水源；人为开挖形成的直通式通道、强渗透含水层或透水层、垂向导水钻孔、滑坡形成的地表裂缝等是主要充水通道；季节性变化明显、疏排水周期长、排水量大是露天煤矿疏排水主要水害特征的结论。归纳目前我国露天煤矿常用的7种防治水技术，提出露天煤矿由远及近、由上而下、由面至点的立体防治水技术体系。从地下水资源保护和生态环保角度出发，为实现露天煤矿绿色开采和可持续发展，提出以切断补给通道、减小矿坑疏排水量为目的的帷幕截流技术是今后露天煤矿防治水的主要技术方法。 相似文献
16.
基于模糊数学理论,通过统计经验数据,采用熵值法对影响近松散含水层安全开采的关键因素赋权,利用GIS定量确定各个因素的隶属度,构造了基于熵值的模糊综合评判模型。以山东某矿六采区01工作面开采为例,选择覆岩厚度、断层构造、第四系底部粘土层厚度、底部含水层的单位涌水量、煤层开采厚度、导水裂隙带高度6个影响因素为评判指标,确定了可行性程度的评判集:{较低,低,中等,高,很高},依据水体下开采的有关安全规程,采用GIS方法确定了各个因素的隶属度,并利用历史开采经验数据确定各个影响因素的权重。对该工作面近松散含水层下开采的评判结果表明,该工作面控制采高为2 m时开采是安全可行的,开采过程中针对薄弱环节采取了相应措施,没有发生突水溃砂事件,初步验证了该模糊综合评判模型的实用性。 相似文献
17.
The illegal mining events could be found in coal-rich regions around the world, which could not only seriously damage mineral resources and ecological environment, but also cause mine disasters and great economic loss, as well as threatening safety production and social stability. Due to wide distribution of mines and strong concealment of underground illegal mining activities, it is hard to find out these behaviors promptly and accurately depending only on mine law-enforcing departments whose investigations will be time–energy–finance-consuming. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to quickly and accurately identify illegal mining events. To solve the problem, this paper uses the new mining subsidence monitoring by D-InSAR to accurately get the surface deformation and establishes a space–time relationship model of surface deformation and underground mining characterized by subsidence. On the basis of this, the integration of D-InSAR and GIS technology is used to develop a quick, efficient, and accurate way to identify illegal underground mining areas. Then, a case study is conducted in the district of Yangquan, Shanxi Province, China. The identification results have been compared with the data about illegal mining by local law-enforcing departments during the same period. The research results indicate that the identification results are basically the same as the actual illegal mining events. Therefore, the proposed method based on integration of D-InSAR and GIS technology could be utilized for real-time and dynamic monitoring of illegal mining events. The results could also provide important technical support in guiding mine law-enforcing departments to timely crack down and remove illegal underground mining events, maintain mining orders, and protect the ecological environment. 相似文献
18.
Flooded underground mines are attractive for groundwater heat pump systems, as the voids created during mining operations enhance the subsurface permeability and storage capacity, which allows the extraction of significant volumes of groundwater without requiring extensive drilling. Heat exchange at a flooded mine is, however, difficult to predict because of the complex geometry of the underground network of tunnels. A case study is presented here to demonstrate that numerical simulations of groundwater flow and heat transfer can help assess production temperatures required to optimize the design of a heat pump system that uses mine water. A 3D numerical model was developed for the Gaspé Mines located in Murdochville, Canada, where a district heating and cooling system is being studied. The underground mining tunnels and shafts are represented in the model with 1D elements whose flow and heat transfer contributions are superimposed to those of the 3D porous medium. The numerical model is calibrated to simultaneously reproduce the groundwater rebound that occurred when the mine closed and the drawdown measured during a pumping test conducted in a former mining shaft. Predictive simulations over a period of 50 years are subsequently performed to minimize pumping rate and determine maximum heat extraction rate. 相似文献
19.
模糊评判在露天转地下矿山的矿房结构参数优化中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
模糊评判法能较好地解决方案选择的问题。本文针对石人沟铁矿露天转地下矿山过渡期开采期间,矿山地下开采带来的露天边坡、地下采场稳定性问题,通过数值模拟,得到地下第一中段开采时地下采场和边坡的应力、应变数值,并结合矿块的采切比、矿块回采率经济指标,运用模糊数学的方法,建立了考虑经济效益的稳定性模糊评判模型。通过合理确定评价指标的隶属度函数和利用二元排序法构造判断矩阵确定各评价指标的权重,对9种方案进行了综合评判,确定了最优方案,选出了合理的矿房结构参数,既可保证矿山的安全生产,又可保证矿山经济效益。 相似文献