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1.
《Geoforum》2018
Across Africa, development corridors – networks of roads, railways, pipelines and ports that facilitate the movement of commodities between landlocked production areas, processing zones and global markets – are being built at an unprecedented pace. In mainstream development discourse, these mega-infrastructure projects have been framed as an effective way of creating conditions that are attractive to investors while simultaneously driving inclusive economic growth and development. Yet, recent geographic research on new development corridors has revealed certain tensions and inconsistencies in this win–win narrative, drawing attention to cases where the spatial reorganization of land that has accompanied corridor development has introduced new patterns of spatial exclusion and immobility. This article shows how approaching the study of development corridors using the new mobility paradigm – paying attention to uneven and conflicting mobilities along new corridor routes – stands to generate important empirical and theoretical insights about peoples' lived experiences with corridors, as well as about the trajectories of power enacted through corridor development. Ultimately, it is argued that applying the new mobilities paradigm in future research on development corridors may help researchers to better understand emergent forms of spatial exclusion and immobility created by new corridors. 相似文献
2.
Tony H. Grubesic 《GeoJournal》2010,75(1):57-77
With the resurgence of regions as key nodes in the global economy, there is a growing interest in better defining their competitive
advantages, particularly those accrued through infrastructure provision. Two important components of this competitive landscape
are information and communication technologies (ICTs) and commercial air passenger service. While the development of these
two networks is frequently cited as being a critical factor in regional economic competitiveness, few empirical studies address
the statistical relationship(s) between these infrastructures or the complexities associated with their spatial distribution.
The purpose of this paper is to determine if an association exists between the provision of broadband telecommunication service
and air passenger service in the United States. In addition, basic spatial statistical approaches are utilized to identify
a suite of important social and economic determinants that play a central role in spurring infrastructure provision. 相似文献
3.
R. K. Mishra M. Parida Ph.D. S. Rangnekar Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(4):737-750
Due to increasing motorization, construction of flyovers and growth in transport network, the noise level has exceeded the prescribed limits in many Indian cities. The health implications of high noise levels are being identified as hypertension, sleeplessness, mental stress, etc. Due to this adverse effect of noise level, it is essential to assess the impact of traffic noise on residents and road users. This research is an effort to quantify and analyze the traffic noise emissions along bus rapid transit corridor in Delhi. Field measurements were carried out to understand and assess various aspects of the impact of bus rapid transit system corridor on land use and social lives of residents and road users. The present analysis presents the comparison between observed and predicted noise level at selected corridors and also describes the mitigatory measures to overcome such type of traffic noise pollution through design of noise barrier along the road and motivate people towards the use of public transport system. 相似文献
4.
基于微博平台的中国城市网络信息不对称关系研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
网络信息空间的空间关系及信息流研究为信息化影响下的地理空间演变研究奠定基础。借助微博这一新兴网络信息传播平台获取中国城市间网络信息联系数据,采用流分析方法呈现城市间网络信息联系的空间格局。研究发现:中国城市网络信息关系呈现出"一超多强"的空间极化不对称格局。网络空间不对称格局与地理距离、经济社会发展水平存在密切关联性,表现为:城市对外网络信息总不对称度与其经济社会发展水平的相对一致性;经济社会发展差距对城市间网络信息不对称程度影响的距离衰减性;城市间网络信息不对称程度与经济社会发展差距的相对一致性;东、中、西部三大地区间网络信息不对称关系与经济发展梯度的相对一致性。 相似文献
5.
The development of clusters of local growth is supported by different processes. Endogenous economic development produced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is based on family firms in which local market characteristics influence the sectorial diversification that emerges within certain regions. In the Berguedà region (Catalonia, Spain), the formation of a successful network of SMEs in three main sectors (food, textile and machinery) in the 1990s demonstrated the importance of grass-roots prerequisites, including industrial tradition, social networks and a sense of spatial loyalty, one of the main concepts studied in this paper. The aim of this paper is to study how institutions, local economic networks and collective social agents generate a propitious economic space that constitutes favourable embedding in Berguedà. However, the key element in this industrial system is the loyalty that entrepreneurs and workers feel towards their industrial region. These two processes, territorial embeddedness and spatial loyalty, appear to be two of the major forces behind the economic dynamism of the region and have led to the formation of a new cluster of firms. 相似文献
6.
Clarification of the factors that drive business expansion and contraction is among the most important topics that can be addressed by research in economic geography and related disciplines. This study analyzes the development of Canadian business by examining the connection between firm-level growth and decline and elite knowledge and influence connections that Canadian businesses use to link themselves to other corporations and cities nationally and globally. The research focuses on the inter-firm and inter-city linkages embodied in the boards of directors of Canada’s leading corporations. Corporate directorships have an important geographic dimension, as firms invite people from a variety of places and backgrounds to serve on their boards. This study finds that board member selection practices among Canadian firms can be linked directly to business growth and decline. Benchmarking board composition against firm expansion and decline in terms of inflation-adjusted annual revenue change over the 1991–2006 period, this study shows that growing Canadian firms are associated with directors from a much broader range of national and international cities than firms that experienced decline over the same period. Firm growth in Canada thus appears to be related to boards encompassing diverse members from national and international locations, while firm decline appears to be associated with boards including more local and regional members. The conclusion interprets the implications of board member diversity and suggests that broadly-based boards can play a role in encouraging firm growth through access to elite knowledge and influence networks. 相似文献
7.
E. S. T. O'Driscoll 《Mineralium Deposita》1981,16(1):85-101
In plots of symbolised geo-data which have variations in density of symbol population, structural corridors are defined by relatively narrow belts in which the density of symbol population is in marked contrast to that of surrounding areas. Some corridors are of high population density (HPD), some of low population density (LPD), whilst others are serial composites. In geology, corridors are to be seen in ancillary plots of gravimetrics, magnetics, photolineaments, Landsat lineaments and allied data. Those related to ore deposits are commonly 100–200 km in length, with aspect ratios (length/breadth) from 20 to 40. They are distinguished from conventional anomaly trends by not necessarily defining absolute highs or lows in individual symbol measurements. Rather do they reflect dislocations in the pattern of material distributions which the symbols represent, and are therefore related more to gradient functions. They must be distinguished from random trends which pervade ordinary patterns of material distributions. Corridors defined for the one area by different sets of geo-data frequently do not coincide, and this is anticipated by differences in the particular qualities measured, and the geological times at which these qualities were established. Field observations show structural corridors to correspond to subsurface dislocations, and, depending on the type of geological environment, either edges or centres of corridors are significantly related to mineral and oil deposits. In airphoto and Landsat lineament plots, the best data for revealing corridors are the smaller features at the high frequency end of the symbol dimensional range. In such cases, structural corridors are hard to preconceive, and emerge only after the assembly of data is complete. This greatly reduces the problem of subjectivity of the interpreter. Photolineament corridors in the Kalgoorlie goldfield of Western Australia are discussed and compared with Landsat corridors related to metal and oil occurrences in North America. 相似文献
8.
基于分形理论和Kohonen网络的城镇体系的非线性研究——以长江三角洲地区为例 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
结合长江三角洲地区，探讨分形理论、人工神经网络（Kohonen网络）在城镇体系研究中的应用问题：运用分形理论，计算长江三角洲地区城镇体系规模结构分形分布的分维数和城镇体系空间结构的关联维数，并分析其规模结构和空间结构的分形结构特征；运用Kohonen神经网络模型，对长江三角洲地区的城市进行城市职能分类，分析其职能结构；提出长江三角洲地区城镇体系的发展对策，同时分别评述分形理论和Kohonen网络方法在城镇体系研究中存在的优势与不足，并提出其改进方法。 相似文献
9.
Transnational elites in global cities: British expatriates in Singapore's financial district 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Jonathan V. Beaverstock 《Geoforum》2002,33(4):525-538
Skilled international migration is as an important process of both contemporary globalization and the global city. The establishment of a transnational elite of expatriate labour in international finance plays a vital part in the accumulation of capital within international financial centres (IFCs). Expatriate labour has become a major determinant of the IFC, creating financial capital through complex social relations, knowledge networks, practices and discourses. The principal argument being made in this paper is that expatriates are major agents in the accumulation and transfer of financial knowledge in the IFC, and that such processes are undertaken through expatriate global–local knowledge networks and other social practices. The paper is divided into three major parts. Following a discussion of transnational elites as expatriates in global cities, which also conceptualises their contribution to the spatialization of financial knowledge networks, the empirical study investigates the working, social and cultural knowledge networks and practices of British expatriates in Singapore. Finally, the paper revisits the conceptual work on transnational elites and suggests that expatriates were deeply embedded in global–local relations in the workplace and the business/social sphere through interaction with local ‘western educated/experienced' Singaporeans, but were disembedded from the local in the home and other household social spaces due to the invisibility of the local population in their interactions. Both the theoretical and empirical analyses suggests that expatriates are flow in the Castellian spatial logic of the network society. 相似文献
10.
Galina V. Sdasuk 《Geoforum》1976,7(3):193-201
Acceleration of socio-economic progress and the achievement of self-reliant economy by the developing countries are closely linked with transformation of sectoral and spatial structure of colonial type economy, which is characterized by nonintegration, extreme inequalities in resources and land utilization, and regional disparities in the levels of socio-economic development. The State plays the leading role in this process through elaboration and realization of long-term regional policy and regional planning, the necessity of which is admitted in the majority of the developing countries. Their scientific substantiation is connected with investigation of objective process of formation of the spatial structure of the new type economy. The latter is formed in the process of interaction of the major regionalization systems: natural-resources, demography-ethnic, socio-economic (systems of special sector-wise and integral-complex regions are embedded in these systems). The systems of socio-economic regionalization are the most dynamic and manageable. But the modern stage of the development of the Third World countries is characterized by the essential changes of other regionalization systems as well. Evaluation of disproportional correlations in their interaction and elaboration of measures to reduce them constistute one of the most important objects of modern geography. Specialization of economic regions in the productions, which have favourable regional combinations of resources results in acceleration of economic growth because of the benefits of spatial division of labour. At the same time regional specialization and increase of inter-regional linkages strengthens the integration on all-national scale, which is of vital importance for the developing countries. The acute, not only economic but also socio-political problem of rapid backward areas advancement can and must be solved not separately (although such attempts have been undertaken often enough) but as a part of the general strategy of regional development. Scientific substantiation of the effective regional planning in the developing countries is an object of interdisciplinary research, where geographers are called to play the leading role. 相似文献
11.
Peter J. Rimmer 《GeoJournal》1999,48(1):43-65
There is a need to move from discussing the Asia-Pacific Rim's leading port cities as shipping centres measured by container
throughput. This shift in focus involves examining how different transport and telecommunications systems are interacting
with each other at an international scale under the power and control of major world operators. Using a three-level network
framework an attempt is made to illustrate and explain the formation of multilayered trade/communications corridors and hubs/headquarters
in the Asia-Pacific Rim since the mid-1980s and to identify the factors affecting them. From this examination of spatial structure
and corporate control three levels of cities in the Asia-Pacific Rim are recognised: first level cities with strong corporate
representation in container shipping, air cargo, air passenger and telecommunications; second level cities with marked corporate
representation in one but not all four modes; and third level cities with no marked corporate representation in any mode but
with strong throughput. The third level includes the Asia-Pacific Rim's ‘true’ port cities. Perhaps the ambiguous category
‘port city’ should be reserved for them.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
网络信息空间的城市地理学研究：综述与展望 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
20世纪90年代,互联网飞速发展,不仅深刻地影响了我们的社会系统和经济结构,同时也重构了全球城市的物理和虚拟空间结构形式。近几年,在西方发达国家,网络信息空间的相关研究已经成为多学科研究的热点,有关城市网络信息空间的地理学研究也不断涌现。从技术与经济的角度入手,在已有文献资料基础上,对西方地理学界关于网络信息空间与城市发展的研究进展进行了评述。首先界定网络信息空间的概念及其相对于物理空间的各种特征,然后总结城市学者研究网络信息空间的几种理论方法,并从三个空间层次分别评述现有的实证研究成果。在此基础上,对网络信息空间的测量方法和关于城市地理学的研究内容进行了进一步展望。 相似文献
13.
Gareth Shaw 《Geoforum》1987,18(4)
There is a growing interest in the development of purpose-built shopping centres, which now dominate the retail environments of many cities. Much of the past research has been directed at the impact of shopping centres on more traditional retail structures. More recently, however, there has been a recognition of the importance of those institutional forces that shape the internal character of shopping centres and ultimately determine their economic impact. This paper draws attention to these factors and discusses the control that leasing agreements and corporate policy have on shopping centre development. The whole discussion is set within the framework of metropolitan Toronto, which has for some time experienced the full impact of these institutional forces. 相似文献
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Exceptionally voluminous arc-related rhyolitic eruptions from clusters of caldera complexes, as seen in Snowdonia, North Wales (mid-Caradoc), and North Island, New Zealand (late Neogene-Quaternary), are characteristically confined within transient, fault-controlled corridors in continental crust. New Zealand rhyolitic corridors (Coromandel, Central, Taupo) have developed in response to the spearheading of an oceanic arc into continental crust, combined with subduction rollback-induced extension during clockwise rotation pivoting around central North Island. Inherited high heat flow from earlier arc magmatism, intracrustal plastic deformation, and mantle-derived magma ponding and fractionation beneath a less dense, fracture-toughened crust, all contribute synergistically to crustal fusion and catastrophic volcanism. A similar scenario is suggested for the Snowdonia volcanic corridor where at least six major rhyolitic centres were restricted in space and time (Soudleyan-Woolstonian). After the climactic Snowdonian eruptions, arc magmatism was extinguished in Wales: a fate predicted for New Zealand rhyolitic volcanism as subduction rollback continues. 相似文献
16.
合理选择宝鸡城市空间拓展方向,推动城市空间集约化发展,达到城市与区域生态协调发展.在大量查阅相关资料的基础上,运用定性描述和带形城市空间扩展理论进行探讨.宝鸡城市空间扩展分四个阶段,自然地理环境、经济发展水平及交通条件是驱动城市空间扩展演化的主要动力.城市空间拓展必须合理选择发展方向,通过交通及生态建设,实现市域城镇间... 相似文献
17.
坝址环境水质及其时空变化隐含了丰富的信息,可以揭示水、岩、帷幕间的相互作用情况以及渗流条件的改变。以李家峡水电站为例,对坝址不同部位渗流水进行采样检测的基础上,综合运用水化学图示、统计分析等方法,研究了坝址环境水质空间分布特征,并与之前的检测结果对比分析水质变化趋势。研究显示,廊道内渗水总体上呈现出“高矿化”的特征,且坝基部位较两岸坝肩尤甚,表明两岸部位帷幕前后水力联系相对活跃;从时间演变看,左岸及坝基廊道部位的水质与此前检测分布较为一致,表明对应部位防渗性能变化稳定;右岸水样两次检测情况变化较大,表明右岸廊道部分部位渗流条件变化较大。 相似文献
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This paper outlines the development of a multi-disciplinary strategy to focus exploration for economic kimberlites on the Ekati property. High-resolution aeromagnetic data provide an over-arching spatial and magnetostratigraphic framework for exploration and kimberlite discovery at Ekati, and hence also for this investigation. The temporal, geomagnetic, spatial and related attributes of kimberlites with variable diamond content have been constrained by judiciously augmenting the information gathered during routine exploration with detailed, laboratory-based or field-based investigations. The natural remanent magnetisation of 36 Ekati kimberlites has been correlated with their age as determined by isotopic dating techniques, and placed in the context of a well-constrained geomagnetic polarity timescale. Kimberlite magmatism occurred over the period 75 to 45 Ma, in at least five temporally discrete intrusive episodes. Based on current evidence, the older kimberlites (75 to 59 Ma) have low diamond contents and are distributed throughout the property. Younger kimberlites (56 to 45 Ma) have moderate to high diamond contents and occur in three distinct intrusive corridors with NNE to NE orientations. Economic kimberlite pipes erupted at 55.4±0.4 Ma along the A154-Lynx intrusive corridor, which is 7 km wide and oriented at 015°, and at 53.2±0.3 Ma along the Panda intrusive corridor, which is 1 km wide and oriented at 038°. The intrusion ages straddle a paleopole reversal at Chron C24n, consistent with the observation that the older economic kimberlites present as aeromagnetic “low” anomalies while the younger economic pipes are characterised as aeromagnetic “highs”. The aeromagnetic responses for these kimberlites are generally muted because they contain volcaniclastic rock types with low magnetic susceptibility. Kimberlites throughout the Ekati property carry a primary natural magnetic remanence (NRM) vector in Ti-bearing groundmass magnetite, and it dominates over vectors related to induced magnetisation. Magnetostratigraphic correlation of Ekati kimberlites may therefore present a powerful adjunct to existing exploration techniques, mainly because the diamond content of Ekati kimberlites apparently is related more to the age of eruption than to any other parameter investigated in this work. 相似文献
20.
Biological communities in Mexico experienced profound changes in species composition and structure as a consequence of the environmental fluctuations during the Pleistocene. Based on the recent and fossil Mexican mammal checklists, we determine the distribution, composition, diversity, and community structure of late Pleistocene mammalian faunas, and analyze extinction patterns and response of individual species to environmental changes. We conclude that (1) differential extinctions occurred at family, genus, and species level, with a major impact on species heavier than 100 kg, including the extinction all proboscideans and several ruminants; (2) Pleistocene mammal communities in Mexico were more diverse than recent ones; and (3) the current assemblages of species are relatively young. Furthermore, Pleistocene relicts support the presence of biogeographic corridors; important refugia existed as well as centers of speciation in isolated regions. We identified seven corridors: eastern USA–Sierra Madre Oriental corridor, Rocky Mountains–Sierra Madre Occidental corridor, Central United States–Northern Mexico corridor, Transvolcanic Belt–Sierra Madre del Sur corridor, western USA–Baja California corridor, Tamaulipas–Central America gulf lowlands corridor, and Sonora–Central America Pacific lowlands corridor. Our study suggests that present mammalian assemblages are very different than the ones in the late Pleistocene. 相似文献