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1.
本文收集了我国一些地区的斜发沸石、片沸石和丝光沸石样品,进行了矿物分离、提纯和化学分析,测定了沸石的晶胞参数,将其结果与国外资料进行了对比,指出了我国目前所发现的一些斜发沸石和丝光沸石的特点。 相似文献
2.
The Bigadiç, Emet and Kirka lacustrine basins of western Turkey may be considered as Tibet-type graben structures that were developed during the Miocene within the Izmir-Ankara suture zone complex. The volcanic-sedimentary successions of these basins are made up of mudstone, carbonate (limestone and dolomite) and detrital rocks, and also of crystal or vitric tuffs about 135 to 200 m thick. The Degirmenli (Bigadiç), Emirler (Bigadiç) Köpenez (Emet) and Karaören (Kirka) tuffs constituting the zeolite deposits are situated beneath four borate deposits (colemanite, ulexite, borax). The most abundant diagenetic silicate minerals are K- and Ca-clinoptilolites in the zeolite deposits, and Li-rich trioctahedral smectites (stevensite, saponite and hectorite) and K-feldspar in the borate deposits. In the Degirmenli, Emirler. Köpenez and Karaören deposits, the following diagenetic faciès were developed from rhyolitic glasses rich in K and poor in Na: (glass + smectite), (K-clinoptilolite + opal-CT), (Caclinoptilolite + K-feldspar ± analcime ± quartz) and (K-feldspar+analcime+quartz). K-feldspar which is also rarely associated with phillipsite (Karaören) and heulandite (Degirmenli and Karaören), succeeds clinoptilolite and precedes analcime in these diagenetic facies where dioctahedral smectites, opal-CT and quartz are the latest minerals. No diagenetic transformations exist between clinoptilolite, K-feldspar and analcime that were formed directly from glass. The lateral facies distributions resulted from the differences in salinity and pH of pore water trapped during deposition of the tuffs, but vertical distributions in vitric tuffs seem to have been controlled by the glass/liquid ratio of the reacting system and the permeability or diffusion rate of alkali elements. The Bigadiç, Emet and Kirka zeolite deposits which were formed in saline basins rich in Ca and Mg ions, show similar chemical changes, i.e. loss of alkalis and gain in alkaline-earth elements that have taken place during the diagenetic transformation of rhyolitic glasses to dioctahedral smectites or clinoptilolite. The absence of sodic zeolites such as mordenite, erionite, chabazite and silica-rich phillipsite is mainly due to the very high K/Na ratio of the starting materials rather than initial alkaline conditions or high Na content in lake waters. 相似文献
3.
天然沸石吸附性能与阳离子组分之间的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
吸附性能是沸石矿物的重要特性之一，也是相关领域应用的重要依据。以嫩江、海林和穆棱三大沸石矿床为例，通过对天然沸石矿的化学成分、沸石类型、矿石品位（CEC值）、比表面积及吸附性能的系统研究与对比分析，总结天然沸石矿附吸性能差异变化规律与原因。研究表明，天然沸石对气体CO2、H2S、SO2、NO2和气态H2O的吸附容量均与其（CaO MgO)/(Na2O K2O)比值之间呈正相关性关系，富二价阳离子组分者吸附容量大，富一价阳离子组分者吸附容量较小。据此，可作为天然沸石矿吸附性能预测评价的重要依据。 相似文献
4.
The paper deals with results of general and systematic analysis of data from deep-sea drilling (360 stations) and a personal study carried out by the authors on the distribution and facies location of authigenic zeolites in the sedimentary mantle of the World Ocean.The scheme of zeolite distribution, compiled for the Holocene—Pleistocene, Miocene, Eocene and Cretaceous periods confirmed the previously established global stratification of zeolites. It showed that the main mass of phillipsite was formed during the Pleistocene—Holocene, while clinoptilolite was a predominant mineral in Eocene and Cretaceous rocks. Both zeolites were wide-spread in the Oligocene and Miocene. Facies location and paragenesis of associated minerals as well as the original material of their formation are different for phillipsite and clinoptilolite.The most probable reasons for vertical stratification of oceanic zeolites of global significance are changes of the character of volcanism in time and general evolution of sedimentation in the World Ocean. 相似文献
5.
S. E. Calvert 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1971,33(4):273-288
Rocks described as chert from the North Atlantic, recovered during the Deep Sea Drilling Project, consist of quartz or disordered cristobalite. They occur in a wide variety of sediment types; only a few are associated with radiolarian oozes. Some of the cristobalitic cherts contain abundant clinoptilolite or palygorskite and sepiolite.The cherts have a variety of origins. They are most probably replacement cherts at sites 5, 6, and 7; direct alteration products of radiolarian ooze at site 8; and either alteration products of volanic glass or direct precipitates from hydrothermal solutions at sites 9 and 12. Evidence for these diverse origins is preserved as unusual mineral assemblages in these geologically young rocks. 相似文献
6.
S. Ogihara 《Mineralium Deposita》1996,31(6):548-553
Diagenetic clinoptilolite and analcime are present in the diagenesis of Tertiary marine silicic tuffs in the MITI-Toyokoro borehole, Hokkaido, Japan. Chemical analysis, SEM and petrographic observations show the mechanism of clinoptilolite to analcime transformation. Na-K clinoptilolite (NaK=6:4), an alteration product of volcanic glass, is detected at depths of 1230 to 2710m. A more Na-rich clinoptilolite (Na: K = 9:1) discovered at depths between 2590 and 2710 m is a result of a cation exchange mechanism. The formation of analcime at greater depths is due to a microdissolution-precipitation mechanism, that is Na-rich clinoptilolite dissolved and analcime precipitated as a result of increasing burial. At 2710 m analcime occurs next to the Na-rich clinoptilolite and it is assumed that the Na-rich clinoptilolite is an intermediate phase. 相似文献
7.
Lauren C. Duarte Leo A. Hartmann Luiz H. Ronchi Zsolt Berner Thomas Theye Hans J. Massonne 《Mineralium Deposita》2011,46(3):239-255
Stable isotopes (C, O, S) and mineralogical studies of the world-class amethyst-geode deposits of the Los Catalanes gemological
district, Uruguay, constrain processes operative during mineral deposition. The mineralized basaltic andesites from the Cretaceous
Paraná volcanic province are intensely altered to zeolites (clinoptilolite) and clay minerals. Variations in the δ18O values of silica minerals in geodes (chalcedony, quartz, and amethyst) are much larger and the values generally somewhat
lower (21.2–31.5‰) in the Uruguayan deposits than in the Ametista do Sul area of southern Brazil. The range of δ34S values (−15.0 to −0.3‰) of altered basaltic rocks requires (in addition to sulfur of magmatic origin) the involvement of
34S-depleted sedimentary sulfur from bacterial sulfate reduction. The results delimit the mineralizing processes to a post-eruption
environment characterized by low temperature and strong interaction of the lava flows with meteoric water. 相似文献
8.
Massive sulfide deposits located on Hercynian islets of northwestern Morocco exhibit four main characteristics: They are strata-bound massive pyrrhotite deposits mined for sulfur and/or base metals occasionally occurring as sulfides of workable grade. Volcanic rocks with which these massive sulfide orebodies are associated are scarce, although always present as acid flows of submarine emissions of either rhyolitic or more often quartz-keratophyric nature. Later on, basic plutonics intruded the pelitic country rocks. Stockworks underlying the massive sulfide orebodies are common, but not systematic. When present, they occur in siltite ± phyllite ± carbonate rocks at the wall of massive sulfide lenses. They consist of fissural disseminations transformed by epimetamorphic recrystallization and by one schistosity generally concordant with s0. Associated alterites and exhalites belong to three types, i.e., sericitite (or biotite-rich rock), chloritite, and/or chert (jasper). Generally well located in a back-arc basin environment characterized by a two-phase geological history, i.e., “extension and volcanism, compression and metamorphism”, these volcano-sedimentary deposits exhibit distal features with regard to the volcanism coeval with their sedimentation. They are mostly linked with strongly reducing environmental properties entailing pyrrhotite and/or magnetite syngenetic deposition, whatever the iron activity. 相似文献
9.
Transformational changes of clay minerals, zeolites and silica minerals during diagenesis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Diagenetic transformation of clay minerals, zeolites and silica minerals in Cretaceous and Tertiary argillaceous rocks from deeply drilled wells in Japan were studied. Transformations of these minerals during diagenesis were as follows: in clay minerals, montmorillonite → montmorillonite-illite mixed-layer mineral → illite; in zeolites, volcanic glass → clinoptilolite → heulandite and/or analcite → laumontite and/or albite; in silica minerals, amorphous silica → low-cristobalite → low-quartz. Maximum overburden pressures and geothermal temperatures corresponding to these transformations in each well studied were calculated. For clay minerals, a pressure of approximately 900 kg cm?2 and a temperature of about 100°C are necessary for the transformation from montmorillonite to mixed-layer mineral and 920 kg cm?2 and 140°C for mixed-layer mineral to illite. Transformation from kaolinite to other minerals requires much higher pressures and temperatures than from montmorillonite to mixed-layer mineral. For zeolites, 330 kg cm?2 and 60°C are required for the transformation from volcanic glass to clinoptilolite, 860 kg cm?2 and 120°C for clinoptilolite to heulandite and/or analcite, and 930 kg cm?2 and 140°C for heulandite and/or analcite to laumontite and/or albite. For silica minerals, 250 kg cm?2 and 50°C are necessary for the transformation from amorphous silica to low-cristobalite and 660 kg cm?2 and 70°C for low-cristobalite to low-quartz. Based on these diagenetic mineral transformations, seven mineral zones are recognized in argillaceous sediments. On the other hand, from the porosity studies of argillaceous sediments in Japan, the process of diagenesis is classified into the following three stages. The early compaction stage is marked by shallow burial and viscous rocks with more than 30% porosity. The late compaction stage is characterized by intermediate burial and plastic rocks with 30-10% porosities. The transformation stage is marked by deep burial and elastic rocks with less than 10% porosity. 相似文献
10.
11.
A. E. Khardikov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2001,36(2):134-140
Paleocene and Eocene terrigenous–siliceous complexes of the Eastern Ciscaucasus contain 18–92% zeolites represented by clinoptilolite. The studied complexes are the stratified subplatformal shallow-water subaqueous deposits with abundant authigenic silica as skeletal remains, cryptocrystalline substance, and pyroclastic material. Clinoptilolite in Paleocene–Eocene terrigenous–siliceous sediments formed from the mud solutions mainly at the expense of the labile pyroclastic material and biogenic silica. Variations in the zeolite abundance are explained by different contents of the pyroclastic material and SiO2in the primary sediment. 相似文献
12.
Dipl.-ing. Gustav Roethe 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1975,64(1):421-456
The formation of isolated silicateous copper deposits is controlled by two main conditions:
- oversaturation of groundwaters in silica
- lateral inflow of copper bearing and slightly acid solutions originating from the oxidation of primary sulfide deposits.
13.
Formation of travertines from continental waters requires very special conditions. Their porous, cellular and concretionary appearance is often due to calcite incrustations on plants. Therefore the high porosity beside a very low concentration of detrital silicates must be related to a high rate of calcite accumulation (0.1 to 1 mm/year). A high rate of sedimentation from high Ca-concentrations (>0.01%) does not occur in normal continental waters equilibrated with the atmospheric carbon dioxide.Formation of travertines is probably not an indicator of special climatic conditions as often assumed but is related to a special chemical composition of fresh waters. Creeks with continuous travertine deposition, investigated by us, contain about 200 ppm Ca. This is more than ten times the normal concentration of average continental waters. Bicarbonate concentration in these waters is five times that of equilibrium with atmospheric carbondioxide. Many of the productive waters are characterized by high sulfate concentrations and Sr/Ca-ratios (1000 Sr/Ca ranges from 9 to 22; seawater: 20).Except one from the Schwäbische Alb 15 samples (Leine-valley, Teutoburger Wald, Thüringen) are high in sulfate and Sr/Ca-ratio to be accumulated in waters with remarkable concentrations in the respective elements. The Sr/Ca-ratios cannot be explained from dissolved limestones underlying the exposed areas. The assumption of dissolution of gypsum beds very well explains our observations and data. From the S32/S34 ratio an origin from Zechstein (Upper Permian), Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) or Keuper (Upper Triassic) deposits respectively can be assumed. Like other freshwater limestones the travertines under investigation differ from marine carbonates by their light carbon (mean C13 –8,1) from decomposed organic matter and their light oxygen (mean O18 –6,7) from exchange with freshwaters. The discrimination freshwater- and marine limestones in oxygen isotopes is only valid for those of low age (Upper Mesozoic to Recent).Hence the special conditions of travertine formation are related to bicarbonate spring waters which have circulated on faults where they could dissolve gypsum (and/or calcite) from subsurface beds.Additional examples of travertine deposits from Czechoslovakia (Zyka, 1958), Lüneburger Heide (NW Germany), Italy (Tivoli near Rom) and Jugoslavia can be explained as formations of either sulfate-bicarbonate or of bicarbonate waters.
Wir danken der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für Beihilfen zu dieser Arbeit. 相似文献
Wir danken der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für Beihilfen zu dieser Arbeit. 相似文献
14.
A review of the braided-river depositional environment 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Andrew D. Miall 《Earth》1977,13(1):1-62
15.
Zeolites are present in altered pyroclastic rocks at many localities in Greece, and large deposits of potential economic interest are present in three areas: (1) the Evros region of the province of Thrace in the north-eastern part of the Greek mainland; (2) the islands of Kimolos and Poliegos in the western Aegean; and (3) the island of Samos in the eastern Aegean Sea. The deposits in Thrace are of Eocene-Oligocene age and are rich in heulandite and/or clinoptilolite. Those of Kimolos and Poliegos are mainly Quaternary and are rich in mordenite. Those of Samos are Miocene, and are rich in clinoptilolite and/or analcime. The deposits in Thrace are believed to have formed in an open hydrological system by the action of meteoric water, and those of the western Aegean islands in a similar way but under conditions of high heat flow, whereas the deposits in Samos were formed in a saline-alkaline lake. 相似文献
16.
A. Forde 《Mineralium Deposita》1991,26(4):257-266
Gold mineralisation in classic Australian slate belt gold deposits at Ballarat, Bendigo, St. Arnaud and Inglewood occurred very late in the orogenic history of these rocks rather than during formation of the main slaty cleavage. This has been revealed through the examination of microstructural relationships in gold-bearing quartz veins and their host rocks from these deposits, which has established a D1 to D4 deformation-stage history and consistent timing for gold mineralisation over a wide area. The gold was deposited synorogenically but during the fourth deformation stage (D4) of the orogeny, a relatively weak event occurring two deformations after the main slaty cleavage producing event, D2. Previously, D2 had been regarded as both the source and control of gold mineralisation as most of the quartz veins that occur in these deposits formed before or during this deformation event. However, most gold is hosted in breccia veins that formed during D4. The wallrock clasts within these breccia veins contain a young rotated foliation and the breccia veins are spatially associated with a paragenetically consistent alteration of the host rocks in the deposits. This alteration both crosscuts and preferentially mineralises wallrock S4 allowing the timing of the breccia veins, alteration and gold deposition to be defined as syn-D4 in age. 相似文献
17.
Shoji Tetsuya Department of Environment Systems The University of Tokyo Tokyo - Japan 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(1)
I' Grade-tonnage diagrams are one of the most useful tools inthe resource assessment (e. g. St'nger, 1993). One' grade-tonnage diagram is well known as Laskys (1950) e\-7ation, whichdemonstrates the linear relation between average grade (x) andlOgarithms of cumulative ore tonnage (ac above a given gradex(0相似文献
18.
Recent research has shown that Archaean lode-gold deposits occur in environments that range in their metamorphic grade from prehnite-pumpellyite to lower granulite facies. Based on this data a new classification is proposed for these deposits. In this classification, shallow-level gold deposits are classed as epizonal, the so-called mesothermal deposits are mesozonal, and the deeper deposits, commonly in mid-amphibolite or lower-granulite terrains, are hypozonal. 相似文献
19.
The physicochemical formation conditions of Au-As, Au-Sb, and Ag-Sb ores characterized by similar paragenetic mineral assemblages and sets of major ore elements but differing in their proportions have been studied. The composition of the solutions filling fluid inclusions in minerals of Au-Sb deposits, combined with mineralogical and geochemical data, indicates that these deposits were formed from a near-neutral to alkalescent chloride-sulfide (<5 wt % NaCl) solution. Au-As and Au-Sb deposits were formed from fluids of the same type, consisting of a predominately CO2-CH4 gas phase with N2 and a low-saline chloride-sulfide solution, where Au and Ag were predominantly transported as dihydrosulfide species and Sb as sulfide and hydroxy complexes. Superimposed minerals of the sulfide-sulfosalt stage that precipitated from chloride-rich solutions (up to 30 wt % NaCl equiv), which contained Ca and Fe chlorides in addition to NaCl, are identified at some Au-Sb deposits. These solutions are similar in composition to the ore-forming fluids of Ag-Sb deposits. Chloride complexes are dominant Au and Ag species in acid chloride-rich solutions of Ag-Sb deposits (up to 38 wt % NaCl equiv), while chloride and hydroxy complexes are characteristic of Sb. These solutions are distinguished by high concentrations of Ag, Sb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Bi, Pb, and Zn. The mineralogical and geochemical specialization of Ag-Sb ore is caused by chemical features of highly concentrated chloride solutions enriched in Ag, Sb, and Cu and by a relatively low Au content within the pH interval 3.5–4.0 (10?6 m). The factors controlling formation of Au-As deposits are a high capacity of a low-chloride sulfide solution with respect to metals and a high Au concentration therein (two orders higher than that of solutions of Ag-Sb deposits). The enrichment of the pyrite-arsenopyrite paragenetic assemblage in gold is a result of juxtaposed stability fields of native gold, arsenopyrite, and pyrite and their mass deposition with a decrease in temperature from 400 to 300°C. The main cause of the specific mineralogy and geochemistry of Au-Sb deposits is a high metal capacity of a near-neutral low-chloride sulfide fluid with respect to Sb, Au, and Ag, but a low Ag content. The mineralogical and fluid inclusion data combined with computer thermodynamic simulation allowed us to establish the factors of ore formation at P-T-X parameters close to natural conditions and made it possible to characterize the joint deposition of gold and silver in quantitative terms. 相似文献
20.
Pleistocene to Recent stratovolcanoes in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea are made up of calc-alkaline to shoshonitic lava, tuff, agglomerate, ash, and lahar deposits. The volcanic rocks are characterized by high and variable Al, high K and total alkalis, and low Fe, Mg, and Ca. There is a continuous variation between high-K calc-alkaline, low-Si high-K calc-alkaline, and shoshonitic rocks. The elements V, Rb, Sr, Zn, Nb, and Ba are high relative to general andesitic abundances, particularly in the shoshonites. The Highlands volcanic rocks originated either in the base of thick sialic crust which is undergoing stabilization after major orogeny and uplift, or more probably, in eclogite sinking through the underlying mantle. Variation in content of K and other incompatible elements was either inherited from the source rocks in the base of the crust, or was produced by zone refining in a thick upper mantle zone containing interstitial fluid rich in these elements. Further variation, mainly in Fe/Mg, Si, and total alkalis, was caused by minor low-pressure crystal fractionation involving olivine, clinopyroxene, and, to a lesser extent, calcic plagioclase. 相似文献