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1.
Sumio Matsuura Takashi Okamoto Shiho Asano Hikaru Osawa Tatsuya Shibasaki 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(10):362
The displacement of a relatively small reactivated landslide in a snowy area in Japan was monitored over a long period. The displacement rate of the landslide, which was approximately of 20 mm d?1 before the formation of snow cover, decelerated drastically during the continuous snow cover period every winter period. Possible causes included reduction in the amount of water that reached the ground surface (MR: meltwater and/or rainwater) and increase in snow load. Given that the actual displacement of the landslide was far below the predicted value based on the relationship between landslide displacement and MR immediately before the continuous snow cover period, the deceleration of landslide displacement was more likely attributable to the increase in snow load than to the reduction in MR. An investigation of the link between snow load and landslide displacement showed a negative logarithmic relationship. A dynamic analysis based on the limit equilibrium method showed that snow load increases the effective normal stress and the stability of a landslide in which the mean inclination angle of the slip surface is smaller than the internal friction angle. The stability of the actual slope was also analyzed by conducting soil tests on samples collected at the site and using the resultant parameters. The analysis also showed that the increase in snow load increases the safety factor and reduces the landslide displacement. The displacement of a relatively small landslide that has a shallow slip surface was found to be greatly influenced by snow cover. 相似文献
2.
Finding the critical slip surface and estimating the landslide volume are of primary importance for slope seismic design. However, this may be difficult due to the uncertainty of ground motions. To address this problem, a new method for calculating uncertainties is recommended in this paper, especially for the critical slip surface and landslide volume under random earthquake ground motions. Firstly, a series of intensity–frequency nonstationary random earthquake ground motions were generated based on an improved orthogonal expansion method. A given number of potential slip surfaces were set in a soil slope. Subsequently, the factor of safety (FOS) of each slip surface for all ground motions was calculated and the minimum FOS curves were obtained. It was found that the critical slip surfaces and failure times are uncertain under different earthquakes. The Monte Carlo method was used to verify the accuracy of probability density evolution method (PDEM), and the results of the PDEM and the Monte Carlo method are consistent, meaning that the PEDM has higher computational efficiency. Moreover, the distributions of earthquake-triggered landslide volume and landslide depth were analyzed by considering equivalent extreme events. Both landslide volume and depth exhibit a normal distribution for a homogeneous soil slope. The framework of this study is meaningful for slope seismic design in engineering, for example, the location of critical slip surface can be used for slope reinforcement, and the distribution of sliding volume can be used for disaster assessment. 相似文献
3.
为了研究堆积层-基岩接触面滑坡的形成机理,以陕西省岚皋县广泛分布的堆积层-基岩接触面滑坡为研究对象,采用野外调查和数理统计的方法,总结了该类型滑坡的基本特征,并以祖师庙滑坡为例,借助室内试验和数值模拟手段,研究了堆积层-基岩接触面滑坡的形成机理。结果表明:1)堆积层-基岩接触面滑坡主要发育在坡度为20°~40°、下伏基岩为碎裂状结构的斜坡,多为浅表层滑坡;2)碎石土和堆积层-基岩接触面的内摩擦角随含水量增大而降低,堆积层-基岩接触面是斜坡变形破坏的软弱结构面;3)细颗粒物质的增加降低了堆积层-基岩接触面的内摩擦角,且细颗粒粒径越小,内摩擦角也越小,在饱和状态下降幅度越大;4)因细颗粒物质在堆积层-基岩接触面处聚集造成的强度降低和因水文地质条件改变造成的滑带土饱和是祖师庙滑坡主要的诱发因素。研究结果对揭示堆积层-基岩接触面滑坡的形成机理和地质灾害防治具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
4.
长时降雨会引起斜坡发生累进性破坏,在此过程中,滑带土将随含水率的变化达到不同含水状态下的残余强度。传统应变软化模型不能准确表达这一变化过程中滑带土残余强度的动态特征, 而引入动态残余强度的应变软化模型能更加真实地模拟含水率变化时滑坡稳定性的发展。基于此,文章对四川中江县垮梁子滑坡开展了野外调查工作,通过现场竖井获取滑带土,采用环剪试验研究了滑带土力学参数与含水率的关系,在此基础上建立了基于动态残余强度的应变软化模型,模拟了垮梁子滑坡在滑带土处于不同含水率阶段的发展情况。结果表明:含水率的增加使得滑带土抗剪性能显著衰减,峰值及残余抗剪强度呈近乎线性降低,残余强度参数则表现出三次函数型衰减特征。应用基于残余强度参数衰减规律建立的应变软化模型模拟了垮梁子滑坡的变形破坏过程,结果表明在滑带土含水率低于20%时,斜坡仅在前缘局部产生塑性区;当含水率达到22%时,斜坡中上部开始产生塑性区及未贯通滑动面;当含水率达到24%时,塑性区趋于贯通,滑坡进入加速变形状态,并于坡表产生张拉裂缝;当含水率达到26%时,滑坡处于失稳状态,坡表张拉塑性区及破坏面的发展与滑坡现状破坏特征高度吻合。该成果可为相关滑坡的稳定性研究提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
5.
二维与三维边坡稳定性分析得到的安全系数存在着差异,讨论这种差异与滑体几何尺寸及土体强度参数间的变化规律及其形成机制,可为合理地评价边坡稳定性分析提供理论依据。针对均质三维边坡,利用基于滑面正应力修正模式的极限平衡法分析程序,定性地讨论滑体形态、长高比、坡比、土体强度参数等指标对二维与三维安全系数计算结果差异(以F3/F2表示)的影响,总结F3/F2与影响指标间的变化规律,分析变化规律形成的内在机制。从工程应用的角度,给出需要考虑该差异影响的分界标准。研究表明,F3/F2随着长高比L/H、内摩擦角?及坡比m的增大逐渐减小,随着黏聚力c的增大逐渐增大;对于满足下列条件之一的边坡,宜采用三维安全系数来评价其稳定性,(1) L/H ≤ 5的滑坡体;(2) 5< L/H ≤ 10且 c > 25 kPa(或? < 15°,或m < 1.0) 的滑坡体。研究成果可为合理评价边坡稳定性分析方法提供参考。 相似文献
6.
Chollada Kanjanakul Tanan Chub-uppakarn Tanit Chalermyanont 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(11):584
Transient seepage in unsaturated soil slope is one of the significant triggering factors in rainfall-induced landslides. Rainfall infiltration leads to the decrease in stabilizing effect because of increased positive pore-water pressures. SEEP/W and SLOPE/W used in this study have been widely employed to describe frameworks for understanding transient seepage in soil slope, and to perform slope stability analyses, respectively. The study area is in Sichon District in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand. A landslide there was investigated by modeling the process of rainfall infiltration under positive and negative pore-water pressures and their effects on slope stability. GIS (Geographic Information System) and geotechnical laboratory results were used as input parameters. The van Genuchten’s soil water characteristic curve and unsaturated permeability function were used to estimate surface infiltration rates. An average rainfall was derived from 30-year monthly rainfall data between 1981 and 2011 in this area reported by the Thailand Royal Irrigation Department. For transient condition, finite element analysis in SEEP/W was employed to model fluctuations in pore-water pressure during a rainfall, using the computed water infiltration rates as surface boundary conditions. SLOPE/W employing Bishop simplified method was then carried out to compute their factors of safety, and antecedent precipitation indices (API) calculated. Heterogeneous slope at the site became unstable at an average critical API (APIcr) of 380 mm, agreeing well with the actual value of 388 mm. 相似文献
7.
An extraordinarily large-scale landslide with a volume of about 200 million m3, a width of about 1,600 m, and a height of about 750 m occurred on 2004 March 26, 13:45 local time, on a steep caldera wall
on the northwest flank of Mt. Bawakaraeng (2,830 m) at the headwater of the Jeneberang River in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
The debris avalanche extended about 7 km from the headwater and buried the river valley, causing devastating damage. There
are a great many calderas in the world, notably Japan. If a large-scale sector collapse were to occur in a heavily populated
area, it would be a devastating disaster for the people living in the area. The aim of this paper is to outline such a landslide
and explain its mechanism of occurrence. We evaluated the stability of the original slope before the landslide using the limit
equilibrium method and the finite-element-based shear strength reduction method (SSRFEM) with the strength reduction factor.
The limit equilibrium method showed that a rise in the groundwater level caused the landslide. Although the critical slip
surface predicted by the SSRFEM was shallower than that of the actual slip surface, the end positions of the actual and predicted
slip surfaces were almost the same. Moreover, the end position of the critical slip surface before the landslide—the headwater
of the Jeneberang River—was a knick point at which the slope inclination became steeper. SSRFEM analysis may be useful for
evaluating the slope stability of large-scale landslides, because the critical slip surface predicted by it was close to the
actual surface, even though we assumed homogenous conditions without information on the degree of weathering or ground properties.
As the knick point formed at the end of the critical slip surface and is equivalent to the end of the actual slip surface,
we assume such topographic features to be a primary geomorphologic cause of the landslide. 相似文献
8.
碎石土滑坡的因素敏感性计算分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过资料搜集整理和分析、现场工程地质调查与勘探和室内外的物理力学试验,采用弹塑性接触有限元强度折减法、不平衡推力法和数理统计分析法,结合工程实例,分析了影响碎石土滑坡各因素的敏感性,结果表明,按因素敏感度从大到小排列,主要影响碎石土滑坡稳定性的因素依次为滑面岩土体内摩擦角、地形坡度、滑体饱水面积比和滑面岩土体的内聚力。地形坡度大、具有低内摩擦角滑面的碎石土滑坡的整体稳定性较差,而连续降雨、强降雨会抬高地下水位增大滑体饱水面积比,降低滑面带岩土体抗剪强度,增加下滑力,对碎石土滑坡的稳定性将产生最不利的影响。同时,在对碎石土滑坡进行加固处理时,必须优先考虑采取提高滑面等效内摩擦角、降低地形坡度结合降低地下水位措施,其次考虑采取提高滑面岩土体内聚力的措施。 相似文献
9.
边坡物理模型倾斜加载方式的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
模型试验是研究边坡失稳机制的重要技术手段,通过倾斜模型获得滑坡的变形破坏过程也是常用的试验方法。作为一种试验加载方法,倾斜加载方式的可控性、倾斜过程中应力场的相似性都是影响该方法应用的关键性问题。为了研究试验方法的可控性,以块状滑体为例,分析计算了模型倾斜和离心加载两种试验方法对滑块抗滑安全系数的影响过程,结果表明,倾斜加载方法可以随着倾斜角度的增加连续地降低滑块的抗滑安全系数,而离心加载方式仅在1g～10g范围内对滑块的抗滑安全系数产生显著影响。为了比较模型倾斜前后模型内部应力场的相似性,建立了物理模型的数值计算模型,模拟不同倾斜角条件下坡体内的应力场。计算结果表明,模型倾斜过程中,坡体中部应力状态保持稳定,倾斜角较大时,坡体的前缘滑带位置应力状态变化较大,前缘进入塑性变形的可能性增大,局部应力场变化有利于模拟水库型滑坡的破坏机制。为了验证倾斜模型模拟滑坡破坏过程的应用效果,以千将坪滑坡为原型,采用倾斜加载方式进行破坏模型试验,获得了滑坡的破坏过程。与非连续变形分析方法(DDA)模拟的结果相比,模型试验得到的破坏形态更接近实际滑坡。 相似文献
10.
含水率对滑带土强度参数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滑带土是滑坡体的重要组成部分,滑带土的强度特征对于边坡稳定具有重要的控制作用。三峡库区的黄土坡滑坡因常年经受库水位变化与降雨的影响,滑带土的含水率总是处于不断变化的过程中,因而对其强度参数产生了较大的影响。针对这一问题,在三峡库区黄土坡临江二号滑坡上采集了滑带土样,对不同含水率下的滑带土进行了不排水快剪试验。试验结果显示:含水率的变化对滑带土的抗剪强度影响较为敏感;试验数据拟合发现,滑带土的黏聚力C及内摩擦角φ均随含水率增大近似呈线性减小,且φ值降低的线性规律更趋明显。 相似文献
11.
以国道G316线安康至汉阴段K25膨胀土公路滑坡为例,介绍了滑坡的地质环境条件,阐述了该膨胀土公路滑坡的形态、滑面滑床特征和变形特征以及气象水文、地形地貌和人类工程活动等,内外营力对该滑坡的影响。采用非饱和土强度理论,对滑坡的形成过程和机理进行了详细分析,得出开挖路堑是该滑坡产生的直接原因。其形成过程及机理为:开挖—非饱和滑带土浸水软化,抗剪强度降低或丧失—坡面隆起、坡顶开裂和坡脚剪切破坏—剪切破坏区向上发展与后缘张裂隙贯通—滑面贯通、滑坡产生。 相似文献
12.
地下水对碎石土类边坡稳定性影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在碎石土类边坡中常常发育地下水管网渗流系统,他们控制地下水水位上升,对保持边坡稳定十分重要。当坡脚开挖或坡体堆载时,会破坏管道状地下水排泄系统,从而导致地下水水位升高,使潜在滑面上的孔隙水压升高,最终导致滑坡的发生。本文综合分析了滑坡与水相互作用机理,并以官家滑坡为例,通过对滑坡稳定性计算中与地下水有关的各因素敏感性分析．发现地下水位变化对孔隙压力比、水头高度和水力坡度的影响极大的影响了碎石土边坡的稳定性;通过官家滑坡极限状态的塑性变形发现,碎石土边坡的变形破坏往往是在部分脆弱部位,通过长期蠕变积累首先展开,并逐渐扩展至整个滑面,由此得到在滑坡稳定性计算中,强度参数按照饱水面积比影响下经衰减的数值进行计算,所得到的稳定性系数更符合工程实际现状,对滑坡剩余推力的计算和治理设计具有积极的指导意义。 相似文献
13.
Fluidization in dry landslides 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
This paper aims at determining the physical properties affecting the distance travelled by landslides with dry particles, and elucidating the mechanism of the properties affecting landslide fluidization. The procedure is as follows: laboratory landslide experiments were conducted to verify the simulation model which was proposed to represent the movement of landslides. Further, sensitivity analysis for some physical properties affecting the travel distance were conducted using this model. The simulation model could identify the coordinates, velocity and angular velocity for every particle in three-dimensional space, and the kinetic energy of particles consumed by inelastic and frictional collision with each other in the model. The travel distances of landslides simulated by the model were verified by laboratory experiments statistically where the physical properties for the particles and slope angle were changed. Then, sensitivity analysis for the physical properties were conducted using the model to clarify the effect of the properties on the travel distance. It was proven that there were no significant differences between the travel distances represented by the simulation model and those found experimentally using statistical analysis (i.e. the simulation model could represent virtual real landslides). From the sensitivity analysis using the simulation model, the travel distances were positively correlated to volume, or number of particles, and negative correlated to the slope angle, kinetic friction and rolling friction of particles when the initial potential energies were the same. The mass of particles of equal size did not affect the distance travelled. As the number of particles increased, the simulated travel distances tended to be longer compared with theoretical travel distances calculated using the friction between particles and the slope. Consequently, we could determine the distance of the lumped mass model as being critical between fluidized and non-fluidized landslides. 相似文献
14.
滑带土抗剪强度参数的三维反分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以滑面正应力修正模式的三维边坡稳定性分析方法为基础,建立了确定滑带土抗剪强度参数的三维反分析模型。先对滑坡体的稳定性进行调查评估,确定滑坡的安全系数与三维滑面的几何尺寸;然后,通过对滑面正应力进行合理假定与修正,建立了平衡方程,以强度参数为未知数,利用数学方法并结合试验、经验等手段求解出抗剪强度参数。该模型克服了二维反分析将会高估滑带土的抗剪强度参数的缺陷,而且计算过程简单,易于编程实现。两个简单算例表明,三维反分析模型可以考虑三维滑体的空间效应,得到的抗剪强度参数更真实、更符合实际情况,为滑坡治理提供参考。 相似文献
15.
16.
An empirical model for landslide travel distance prediction in Wenchuan earthquake area 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Sliding mass of landslides highly endangered the area along travel path, especially landslides with long travel distance. It is necessary to develop an effective prediction model for preliminarily evaluating landslide travel distance so as to improve disaster prevention and relocation. This paper collected 54 landslides with 347–4,170 m travel distance triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake to discuss the effectiveness of various influential factors on landslide travel distance and obtained an empirical model for its prediction. The results revealed that rock type, sliding source volume, and slope transition angle were the predominant factors on landslide travel distance. The validity of proposed model was verified by the satisfactory agreement between observations and predictions. Therefore, this model might be practically applicable in Wenchuan earthquake area and other similar geomorphological and geological regions. 相似文献
17.
考虑土拱效应的倾斜滑移面间竖向应力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
假定两滑移面相互平行,且与水平面呈一定角度?,对滑移面间土体沿竖向取水平薄层作为微分单元体,通过作用在单元体上的水平力和竖向力的平衡条件,基于土体主应力轴旋转理论,得到考虑土拱效应及倾斜角度的倾斜滑移面间竖向应力的理论公式,及对应不同倾斜角度及滑移面-土摩擦角的土侧压力系数。将得到的理论公式与Handy等公式进行比较,验证了该公式的合理性。研究结果表明：对于无黏性土,竖向应力沿深度先近似线性增大,后增加缓慢并逐渐趋于定值。竖向应力随着倾斜角度和滑移面间距的增大而增大,随滑移面-土摩擦角的增大而减小;土侧压力系数随着滑移面-土摩擦角的增大而增大,而随内摩擦角的增大而减小。 相似文献
18.
半坡桩与普通抗滑桩的受力机制不同,用常规的设计方法半坡桩的锚固深度不足,可能导致治理工程失效。为了分析半坡桩无效锚固深度,在分析高陡堆积体滑坡特点的基础上,根据抗滑桩受力机制重新厘定了半坡桩的概念;以弹性半坡桩为例,用数值分析方法重点研究了弹性半坡桩无效锚固深度与总的锚固深度、滑面倾角及滑坡推力的关系。结果表明,弹性半坡桩的无效锚固深度受总的锚固深度影响较小,当总的锚固深度增加时,无效锚固深度在小范围内波动;弹性半坡桩的无效锚固深度与滑面倾角及滑坡推力呈指数正相关性,随着滑面倾角及滑坡推力的增加,无效锚固深度也在增加。 相似文献
19.
The Kualiangzi landslide was triggered by heavy rainfalls in the “red beds” area of Sichuan Basin in southwestern China. Differing from other bedrock landslides, the movement of the Kualiangzi landslide was controlled by the subvertical cracks and a subhorizontal bedding plane (dip angle < 10°). The ingress of rainwater in the cracks formed a unique groundwater environment in the slope. Field measurement for rainfall, groundwater movement, and slope displacement has been made for the Kualiangzi landslide since 2013. The field monitoring system consists of two rainfall gauges, seven piezometers, five water-level gauges, and two GPS data loggers. The equipments are embedded near a longitudinal section of the landslide, where severe deformation has been observed in the past 3 years. The groundwater responses to four heavy rainfall events were analyzed between June 16 and July 24 in 2013 coincided with the flood season in Sichuan. Results showed that both of the water level and the pore-water pressure increased after each rainfall event with delay in the response time with respect to the precipitation. The maximum time lag reached 35 h occurred in a heavy rainfall event with cumulative precipitation of 127 mm; such lag effect was significantly weakened in the subsequent heavy rainfall events. In each presented rainfall event, longer infiltration period in the bedrock in the upper slope increased the response time of groundwater, compared to that of in the gravels in the lower slope. A translational landslide conceptual model was built for the Kualiangzi landslide, and the time lag was attributed to the gradual formation of the uplift pressure on the slip surface and the softening of soils at the slip surface. Another important observation is the effect on the slope movement which was caused by the water level (H w) in the transverse tension trough developed at the rear edge of the landslide. Significant negative correlation was found for H w and the slope stability factor (F s), in particular for the last two heavy rainfall events, of which the drastic increase of water level caused significant deterioration in the slope stability. The rapid drop (Δ?=?22.5 kPa) of pore-water pressure in the deep bedrock within 1 h and the large increase (Δ?=?87.3 mm) of surficial displacement were both monitored in the same period. In the end, a four-level early warning system is established through utilizing H w and the displacement rate D r as the warning indicators. When the large deformation occurred in flood season, the habitants at the leading edge of the landslide can be evacuated in time. 相似文献
20.
李思庄滑坡为河北省顺平县境内潜在危险性最大的一残坡积堆积层滑坡,近年由于削坡建房,滑坡稳定性降低,极端降雨条件下存在复活可能。在野外调查确定滑坡结构特征的基础上,采用改进Mein-Larson降雨入渗模型分析不同降雨强度及持时对李思庄滑坡安全系数影响,运用有限差分软件FLAC3D计算分析该滑坡在天然和极端降雨工况下的稳定状态。研究结果表明:天然状态下,边坡潜在滑移面为基岩与残坡积层分界面,边坡安全系数为1.18,未发生失稳破坏;随降雨历时增加,潜在滑移面由基岩与残坡积层分界面转移到湿润峰面,当湿润峰达到基岩与残坡积层分界面,边坡安全系数为0.83,属不稳定状态。并对李思庄滑坡初步提出设置挡土墙和截排水沟的治理建议。 相似文献