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木星土星边缘的椭圆拟合 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
将CCD观测的木星或土星光环图像二值化，再用“四邻点模板”检测获得二值图像的边缘，最后用椭圆方程迭代拟合边缘，可以获得行星几何中心的位置。这被证明是一种高精度的位置测量方法。本文给出了用椭圆拟合检测边缘的全部公式及有关说明。 相似文献
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丽江2.4m光学望远镜自动导星系统升级改造需要计算CCD图像中实际星像中心的位置,在现有导星定心算法的基础上,利用机器视觉Canny边缘检测和椭圆拟合的方法识别星像轮廓,然后对星像直接二维高斯拟合,计算星像中心位置.研究了导星算法中涉及的天光背景参数、星像轮廓识别所需阈值、星像拟合边界参数的整定方法,总结出有效的自动导星定心方法,并开发了基于Linux平台的高速自动导星定心系统软件.软件对星像的高斯拟合结果与IRAF软件高斯拟合结果一致;同一天区相邻时间图像中星像中心偏移量计算结果也表明算法的有效性. 相似文献
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将CMOS相机应用于云南天文台53 cm双筒望远镜激光测距系统,使得空间目标测距回波率以及测距成功率得到大幅提升。在分析CMOS相机采集的数字图像信息的基础上,提出了优化的图像处理和激光光尖提取算法,有效实现了激光光尖的识别和目标质心坐标的提取。首先采用中值滤波和均值滤波对图像进行去噪声处理,然后使用最大类间方差法(Otsu)计算阈值对图像进行二值化以及选用Roberts算子进行边缘提取,最后采用最小二乘法进行直线拟合求解光尖坐标并计算其位置偏差。结果对进一步研究CMOS相机在53 cm双筒望远镜激光测距系统中的应用有重要意义。 相似文献
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利用新发表的高精度、高密度天体测量星表UCAC2,对天王星的五颗主要卫星的CCD观测图像重新进行量测,采用不同方法作定标归算,并使用两种理论模型(GUST86和GUST06模型)计算卫星的理论位置。对不同方法所得到的卫星位置的O-C结果的分析和比较表明,本文获得的卫星位置精度,除天卫五(Miranda)有显著提高,其他4颗卫星的位置精度基本相同。本文中天卫一和天卫三的结果与"亮卫星定标法"的结果在精度上相当,天卫二的位置精度与其他天王星卫星的位置精度具有较好的一致性,这从另一方面证明了我们的"亮卫星定标法"的可靠性。此外我们还获得了天卫四的位置与精度。 相似文献
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ePSF拟合法与Gaussian拟合法的比较 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了解决哈勃空间望远镜的图像欠采样问题,美国学者Anderson和King提出了精确测量星像位置和通量的有效点扩散函数(ePSF—effective point-spread function)拟合法。然而,他们却不加比较地将其应用于地面CCD图像中星像的位置高精度测量。因此,我们试图将ePSF拟合法与经典的高斯函数(Gaussian)拟合法作比较研究。调用CFITSIO库生成模拟的背景图像,并应用不同参数条件下的星像轮廓模型产生非欠采样的星像。最后,分别采用ePSF拟合法与Gaussian拟合法对这些星像进行拟合,并对它们的拟合精度进行比较。实验结果表明,在非欠采样的图像中这两种算法对星像位置的测量几乎是等精度的。 相似文献
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CCD图像数字定心算法的比较 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
从CCD采集的数字图像中提取天体的位置和光度信息对于天文研究具有基础意义.其中,恒星星像中心像素位置的精确测量对于天体测量至关重要.针对国际上常用的三种位置测量算法:修正矩方法、Gauss拟合法和中值法,利用实测的CCD图像进行了试验研究.具体地,采用云南天文台1m望远镜观测的CCD图像同时使用这些算法进行了实际测量,根据每幅图像中测得的像素位置,对这三类定心算法进行了比较和精度分析.可视化方法被用于不同阈值的选取和设定比较.实验数据表明,无阈值的二维Gauss拟合方法是一种精度相对较高的定心算法. 相似文献
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消除CCD图像中宇宙射线的算法的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
CCD天文图像在采集过程中会受到各种噪声的影响,其中宇宙射线噪声有时会严重影响到图像中的有用信息。研究如何有效识别和剔除宇宙射线噪声对于天文图像的信息提取是非常重要的。针对目前国际上较新的三种消除宇宙射线的算法:Laplacian边缘检测算法(A Laplacian Edge Detection Algorithm),基于直方图的快速算法(A Fast Algorithm BasedOn Histogram)以及万能噪声消除算法(A Universal Noise Removal Algorithm),采用由云南天文台1m望远镜拍摄的CCD图像进行了模拟实验和实际宇宙射线的处理。实验表明Laplacian边缘检测算法能相对准确地探测到恒星和星系图像上的宇宙射线。并对算法的效果和复杂度进行比较和分析。最后探讨了如何准确替代宇宙射线像素点的灰度值。 相似文献
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经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)是一种数据驱动的自适应非线性、非平稳信号分解方法。为提高极移预报精度,将经验模态分解应用于极移预报中。首先利用经验模态分解方法对极移序列进行分解,获得极移的高频分量和低频分量;然后采用最小二乘(Least Squares,LS)外推模型对极移低频分量进行拟合,获得最小二乘拟合残差;其次采用自回归(Autoregressive,AR)模型对极移高频分量和最小二乘拟合残差之和进行建模预报;最后将最小二乘模型和自回归模型外推值相加获得极移预报值。将经验模态分解和LS+AR组合模型预报结果与LS+AR模型预报以及地球定向参数预报比较竞赛(Earth Orientation Parameters Prediction Comparison Campaign,EOP PCC)的预报结果进行比较,结果表明,将经验模态分解应用于极移预报中,可以明显改善极移预报精度。 相似文献
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Laura Schaefer 《Icarus》2004,169(1):216-241
We modified the MAGMA chemical equilibrium code developed by Fegley and Cameron (1987, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82, 207-222) and used it to model vaporization of high temperature silicate lavas on Io. The MAGMA code computes chemical equilibria in a melt, between melt and its equilibrium vapor, and in the gas phase. The good agreement of MAGMA code results with experimental data and with other computer codes is demonstrated. The temperature-dependent pressure and composition of vapor in equilibrium with lava is calculated from 1700 to 2400 K for 109 different silicate lavas in the ONaKFeSiMgCaAlTi system. Results for five lavas (tholeiitic basalt, alkali basalt, Barberton komatiite, dunite, and a molten type B1 Ca, Al-rich inclusion) are discussed in detail. The effects of continuous fractional vaporization on chemistry of these lavas and their equilibrium vapor are presented. The predicted abundances (relative to Na) of K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Ti in the vapor equilibrated with lavas at 1900 K are lower than published upper limits for Io's atmosphere (which do not include Mg). We predict evaporative loss of alkalis, Fe, and Si during volcanic eruptions. Sodium is more volatile than K, and the Na/K ratio in the gas is decreased by fractional vaporization. This process can match Io's atmospheric Na/K ratio of 10±3 reported by Brown (2001, Icarus 151, 190-195). Silicon monoxide is an abundant species in the vapor above lavas. Spectroscopic searches are recommended for SiO at IR and mm wavelengths. Reactions of metallic vapors with S- and Cl-bearing volcanic gases may form other unusual gases including MgCl2, MgS, MgCl, FeCl2, FeS, FeCl, and SiS. 相似文献
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《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(9)
正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews 011 all liranchcs of astronoiriy and astrophysics.Reviews arc by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length 相似文献
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《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(10)
正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work, 相似文献
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Laura Schaefer 《Icarus》2005,173(2):454-468
We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10−6 to 10+1 bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I2 (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F. 相似文献
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Li Xin-nan Zhang Hai-ying Cui Xiang-qun Jiang Zi-bo Zheng Yi Liu Xing-tao Ni Hou-kun 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2012
A special stressed annular polishing technique is proposed to mill the off-axis aspheric sub-mirrors of a large segmented mirror with an annular polishing machine. Based on the basic principle of stressed annular polishing technique, a set of special stressing mechanisms are designed to convert milling the aspheric surfaces of sub-mirrors with different off-axis distances into milling the spherical surfaces with identical radii of curvature, so that they can be pol- ished simultaneously on a continuous polishing machine. It took about contin- uous 40 hours to polish a scaled-down mirror of the planning Chinese Future Giant Telescope (CFGT) using this technique. This mirror has the 330 mm di- ameter, 3.6 m off-axis distance, and the 21.6 m radius of curvature, and its max- imum asphericity is 16 micron. The experiment shows that this method has a high effciency, suits batch manufacturing, especially the batch manufacturing of aspheric sub-mirrors of the segmented primary mirror of an extremely large aperture telescope. 相似文献
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In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of Born–Infeld (B–I) phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane, which is defined by the equation of state parameter for the dark energy and its derivative with respect to N (the logarithm of the scale factor a). We find the scalar field equation of motion in ω–ω′ plane, and show mathematically the property of attractor solutions which correspond to ω
φ
∼−1, Ω
φ
=1, which avoid the “Big rip” problem and meets the current observations well.
相似文献
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In astronomical observations at optical wavelengths, a fast image tracking system can be adopted to reduce the effects of the atmospheric seeing and telescopic tracking error, and therefore improve the observing efficiency. Aiming at the need of astronomical observations, totally 5 kinds of algorithms in two categories were selected to make a comparative study on their accuracies and stabilities under different noise conditions by both numerical experiment and laboratory test. The results indicate that the normalized cross-correlation method and barycenter method have not only a higher accuracy but also a better reliability against interferences, they will be applied to the high-resolution spectrograph of the Xinglong 2.16 m telescope and the scienti?c instruments of the SONG (Stellar Observations Network Group) project, respectively. 相似文献