共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
We investigated the impact of tuning the length scale of the background error covariance in the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) three-dimensional variational assimilation(3DVAR) system.In particular,we studied the effect of this parameter on the assimilation of high-resolution surface data for heavy rainfall forecasts associated with mesoscale convective systems over the Korean Peninsula.In the assimilation of high-resolution surface data,the National Meteorological Center method tended to exaggerate the length scale that determined the shape and extent to which observed information spreads out.In this study,we used the difference between observation and background data to tune the length scale in the assimilation of high-resolution surface data.The resulting assimilation clearly showed that the analysis with the tuned length scale was able to reproduce the small-scale features of the ideal field effectively.We also investigated the effect of a double-iteration method with two different length scales,representing large and small-length scales in the WRF-3DVAR.This method reflected the large and small-scale features of observed information in the model fields.The quantitative accuracy of the precipitation forecast using this double iteration with two different length scales for heavy rainfall was high;results were in good agreement with observations in terms of the maximum rainfall amount and equitable threat scores.The improved forecast in the experiment resulted from the development of well-identified mesoscale convective systems by intensified low-level winds and their consequent convergence near the rainfall area. 相似文献
2.
利用国家气象中心中尺度业务数值预报模式GRAPES-MESO v3.0,以2010年6月1～30日为例,开展地面降水率1DVAR(one-dimensional variational assimilation)同化方案在GRAPES-3DVAR(three-dimensional variational assimilation)同化系统中的应用试验研究(ASSI试验),并以未加降水资料同化的试验为对照试验(CNTL试验),以评估全国1h加密雨量资料在模式中同化应用的效果。结果表明:1)在相对湿度背景误差和降水率观测误差范围内,1DVAR同化方案能够对湿度廓线进行有意义的调整,使分析降水向观测降水靠近;ASSI试验对初始温、压、湿、风场的修正主要为正效果;2)对2010年6月17～21日江南、华南连续性降水过程进行了分析,整体而言ASSI试验对逐日及逐时降水强度的预报普遍强于CNTL试验,与实况更加接近;3)ASSI试验对2010年6月1～30日08时起报的0～24 h模式预报的小雨、中雨、大雨、暴雨、大暴雨各个降水量级TS评分及ETS评分相比CNTL试验均有较明显提高,预报偏差也更接近于1;4)ASSI试验较CNTL试验能更好地模拟雨带的分布、雨带演变特征和降水强度的变化;5)对降水所做的典型个例和统计检验分析从不同角度说明了地面降水资料1DVAR同化方案在GRAPES-3DVAR系统中的应用改善了GRAPES-MESO v3.0的降水模拟效果。 相似文献
3.
This study investigated the impact of multiple-Doppler radar data and surface data assimilation on forecasts of heavy rainfall over the central Korean Peninsula;the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational data assimilation system(3DVAR) were used for this purpose. During data assimilation,the WRF 3DVAR cycling mode with incremental analysis updates(IAU) was used. A maximum rainfall of 335.0 mm occurred during a 12-h period from 2100 UTC 11 July 2006 to 0900 UTC 12 July 2006.Doppler radar data showed that the heavy rainfall was due to the back-building formation of mesoscale convective systems(MCSs).New convective cells were continuously formed in the upstream region,which was characterized by a strong southwesterly low-level jet(LLJ).The LLJ also facilitated strong convergence due to horizontal wind shear,which resulted in maintenance of the storms.The assimilation of both multiple-Doppler radar and surface data improved the accuracy of precipitation forecasts and had a more positive impact on quantitative forecasting(QPF) than the assimilation of either radar data or surface data only.The back-building characteristic was successfully forecasted when the multiple-Doppler radar data and surface data were assimilated.In data assimilation experiments,the radar data helped forecast the development of convective storms responsible for heavy rainfall,and the surface data contributed to the occurrence of intensified low-level winds.The surface data played a significant role in enhancing the thermal gradient and modulating the planetary boundary layer of the model,which resulted in favorable conditions for convection. 相似文献
4.
In this paper, based on heavy rain numerical forecast model AREM （Advanced Regional Eta Model）, two different initialization schemes, LAPS and GRAPES-3DVAR, are used to run assimilation experiments of AREM-LAPS and AREM-3DVAR with the same data source （NCEP forecast field, surface data and radio-soundings） during the period from 21 May to 30 July 2008 to investigate the effect of the two initialization schemes on the rainfall simulation. The result suggests that： （1） the forecast TS score by the AREM-LAPS is higher than that by the AREM-3DVAR for rainfall in different areas, at different valid time and with different intensity, especially for the heavy rain, rainstorm and extremely heavy rain; （2） the AREM-3DVAR can generally simulate the average rainfall distribution, but the forecast area is smaller and rainfall intensity is weaker than the observation, while the AREM-LAPS significantly improves the forecast; （3） the AREM-LAPS gives a better forecast for the south-north shift of rainfall bands and the rainfall intensity variation than the AREM-3DVAR; （4） the AREM-LAPS can give a better reproduction for the daily change in the mean-rainfall-rate of the main rain band, and rainfall intensity changes in the eastern part of Southwest China, the coastal area in South China, the middle-lower valleys of Yangtze river, the Valleys of Huaihe river, and Shandong peninsula, with the rainfall intensity roughly close to the observation, while the rainfall intensity simulated by the AREM-3DVAR is clearly weaker than the observation, especially in the eastern part of Southwest China; and （5） the comparison verification between the AREM-LAPS and AREM-3DVAR for more than 10 typical rainfall processes in the summer of 2008 indicates that the AREM-LAPS gives a much better forecast than AREM-3DVAR in rain-band area, rainfall location and intensity, and in particular, the rainfall intensity forecast is improved obviously. 相似文献
5.
雷达反射率三维拼图观测资料在北方区域数值模式预报系统中的同化应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以业务应用为目标,开展雷达反射率三维拼图观测资料在北方区域数值预报系统中的同化应用研究。采用雷达反射率间接同化方法同化北方雷达反射率拼图观测资料,重点关注其对降水、湿度、温度及风的预报能力影响。首先,基于2017年8月雷达拼图观测资料批量同化和对比试验,对雷达拼图资料同化应用效果进行定量评估,结果表明雷达拼图资料同化虽然加大了地面风场预报误差,但在降水预报和湿度、温度预报等方面有明显的改善作用。其次,选择在业务中预报难度较大的强降水个例开展分析研究,分析表明:（1）同化雷达拼图观测资料有效提高了模式降水预报性能,临近降水发生的循环起报时次预报效果更好;（2）对于短时间多次强降水过程发生的预报,循环同化雷达拼图资料可及时弥补模式中由于前次降水导致的水汽、能量等消耗及热/动力条件削弱,持续支持降水系统发展。最后,通过考察雷达反射率的不同同化方案,发现同化反演水凝物或者估计水汽均能改善模式降水预报性能,但是同化估计水汽对降水预报性能的改善更为明显,联合使用两方案能同时对水凝物分布、热力场等进行调整,可提高模式降水预报性能。 相似文献
6.
多普勒雷达资料循环同化在台风“鲇鱼”预报中的应用 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
高分辨率的中尺度预报模式ARPS及其3DVAR/云分析系统,针对2010年登陆福建的超强台风“鲇鱼”,研究对流可分辨尺度下,每1h循环同化沿海新一代多普勒雷达网资料分析、研究对台风初始场和预报场的改进作用.结果表明:单独同化雷达资料可显著改善初始场中的台风内核区动力和热力结构,以及台风强度和位置,进而提高18h台风强度、路径和降水预报,但预报路径和降水分布与实况仍存在差异.在雷达资料同化基础上加入常规观测资料,对初始场中台风内核区结构改进不大.但在显著调整大尺度背景场,从而进一步减少台风路径预报误差,能准确预报出福建沿海两个强降水区域的位置和强度.总体而言,雷达资料同化主要提高台风结构分析,而常规观测资料同化主要改善环境场分析,两者有效结合使得预报结果和实况最为接近. 相似文献
7.
Four-dimensional variational data assimilation experiments for a heavy rain case during the 2002 IOP in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A heavy rainfall event along the mei-yu front during 22-23 June 2002 was chosen for this study. To assess the impact of the routine and additional IOP (intensive observation period) radiosonde observations on the mesoscale heavy rainfall forecast, a series of four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation and model simulation experiments was conducted using nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5 and the MM5 4DVAR system. The effects of the intensive observations in the different areas on the heavy rainfall forecast were also investigated. The results showed that improvement of the forecast skill for mesoscale heavy rainfall intensity was possible from the assimilation of the IOP radiosonde observations. However,the impact of the IOP observations on the forecast of the rainfall pattern was not significant. Initial conditions obtained through the 4DVAR experiments with a 12-h assimilation window were capable of improving the 24-h forecast. The simulated results after the assimilation showed that it would be best to perform the intensive radiosonde observations in the upstream of the rainfall area and in the moisture passageway area at the same time. Initial conditions created by the 4DVAR led to the low-level moisture convergence over the rainfall area, enhanced frontogenesis and upward motion within the mei-yu front,and intensified middle- and high-level unstable stratification in front of the mei-yu front. Consequently,the heavy rainfall forecast was improved. 相似文献
8.
基于GSI的华南地区对流尺度快速循环同化预报试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对对流尺度快速循环同化系统多次循环同化带来的预报效果改进和资料应用问题,利用GSI同化技术和WRFARW区域模式,设计了华南地区对流尺度快速循环同化方案,对2016年4月17一18日华南地区的飑线天气强降水过程进行模拟试验,分析不同循环同化方案和雷达径向风资料同化对雷达回波、相对湿度、降水量级等的预报效果,以期提高华南地区飑线强降水过程预报技巧。检验结果表明:尽管只同化常规资料对预报效果的改进有局限性,但是多次循环同化对于模式预报的降水有一定改善作用;同时同化雷达径向风资料与常规资料对湿度和降水等模拟技巧均有所提高,大雨以上量级的ETS评分改进尤为明显;尽管模式模拟降水峰值小于真实观测值,但同化雷达径向风资料有效改善了飑线最强时段内的垂直上升速度,使得强降水发生时间和强度更接近真实观测。 相似文献
9.
多普勒雷达资料对暴雨定量预报的同化对比试验 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和连云港雷达探测资料,利用WRF模式及其三维变分同化V2.1系统,对发生在2008年4月19日连云港地区一次区域性暴雨过程进行了三维变分同化数值模拟对比研究.结果表明,同化了雷达资料后,模式预报效果比单独使用NCEP做初始场效果明显改善,暴雨落区和量值更接近实况.同化了雷达资料后,模式预报的垂直运动区、最大上升区、水汽输送通道和高空涡度分布等更接近强降水区,结构也更精细,说明初始场增加雷达资料后,对初始风场的结构、强度和初始云水分布有实质性的改进,从而提高了对暴雨定量预报的效果. 相似文献
10.
Based on the GRAPES-MESO hybrid En-3DVAR (Ensemble three-dimension hybrid data assimilation for Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction system) constructed by China Meteorological Administration, a 7-day simulation (from 10 July 2015 to 16 July 2015) is conducted for horizontal localization scales. 48h forecasts have been designed for each test, and seven different horizontal localization scales of 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500 and 1750 km are set. The 7-day simulation results show that the optimal horizontal localization scales over the Tibetan Plateau and the plain area are 1500 km and 1000 km, respectively. As a result, based on the GRAPES-MESO hybrid En-3DVAR, a topography-dependent horizontal localization scale scheme (hereinafter referred to as GRAPES-MESO hybrid En-3DVAR-TD-HLS) has been constructed. The data assimilation and forecast experiments have been implemented by GRAPES-MESO hybrid En-3DVAR, 3DVAR and GRAPES-MESO hybrid En-3DVAR-TD-HLS, and then the analysis and forecast field of these three systems are compared. The results show that the analysis field and forecast field within 30h of GRAPES-MESO hybrid En-3DVAR-TD-HLS are better than those of the other two data assimilation systems. Particularly in the analysis field, the root mean square error (RMSE) of u_wind and v_wind in the entire vertical levels is significantly less than that of the other two systems. The time series of total RMSE indicate, in the 6-30h forecast range, that the forecast result of En-3DVAR-TD-HLS is better than that of the other two systems, but the En-3DVAR and 3DVAR are equivalent in terms of their forecast skills. The 36-48h forecasts of three data assimilation systems have similar forecast skill. 相似文献
11.
Impact of 4DVAR Assimilation of Rainfall Data on the Simulation of Mesoscale Precipitation Systems in a Mei-yu Heavy Rainfall Event 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The multi-scale weather systems associated with a mei-yu front and the corresponding heavy precipitation during a particular heavy rainfall event that occurred on 4 5 July 2003 in east China were successfully simulated through rainfall assimilation using the PSU/NCAR non-hydrostatic, mesoscale, numerical model （MM5） and its four-dimensional, variational, data assimilation （4DVAR） system. For this case, the improvement of the process via the 4DVAR rainfall assimilation into the simulation of mesoscale precipitation systems is investigated. With the rainfall assimilation, the convection is triggered at the right location and time, and the evolution and spatial distribution of the mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） are also more correctly simulated. Through the interactions between MCSs and the weather systems at different scales, including the low-level jet and mei-yu front, the simulation of the entire mei-yu weather system is significantly improved, both during the data assimilation window and the subsequent 12-h period. The results suggest that the rainfall assimilation first provides positive impact at the convective scale and the influences are then propagated upscale to the meso- and sub-synoptic scales.
Through a set of sensitive experiments designed to evaluate the impact of different initial variables on the simulation of mei-yu heavy rainfall, it was found that the moisture field and meridional wind had the strongest effect during the convection initialization stage, however, after the convection was fully triggered, all of the variables at the initial condition seemed to have comparable importance. 相似文献
Through a set of sensitive experiments designed to evaluate the impact of different initial variables on the simulation of mei-yu heavy rainfall, it was found that the moisture field and meridional wind had the strongest effect during the convection initialization stage, however, after the convection was fully triggered, all of the variables at the initial condition seemed to have comparable importance. 相似文献
12.
Constructing β-mesoscale weather systems in initial fields remains a
challenging problem in a mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) model.
Without vertical velocity matching the β-mesoscale weather system,
convection activities would be suppressed by downdraft and cooling caused by
precipitating hydrometeors. In this study, a method, basing on the
three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) assimilation technique, was developed
to obtain reasonable structures of β-mesoscale weather systems by
assimilating radar data in a next-generation NWP system named GRAPES (the
Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) of China.
Single-point testing indicated that assimilating radial wind significantly
improved the horizontal wind but had little effect on the vertical velocity,
while assimilating the retrieved vertical velocity (taking Richardson's
equation as the observational operator) can greatly improve the vertical
motion. Experiments on a typhoon show that assimilation of the radial wind
data can greatly improve the prediction of the typhoon track, and can
ameliorate precipitation to some extent. Assimilating the retrieved vertical
velocity and rainwater mixing ratio, and adjusting water vapor and cloud
water mixing ratio in the initial fields simultaneously, can significantly
improve the tropical cyclone rainfall forecast but has little effect on
typhoon path. Joint assimilating these three kinds of radar data gets the
best results. Taking into account the scale of different weather systems and
representation of observational data, data quality control, error setting of
background field and observation data are still requiring further in-depth
study. 相似文献
13.
The present study designs experiments on the direct assimilation of
radial velocity and reflectivity data collected by an S-band Doppler weather
radar (CINRAD WSR-98D) at the Hefei Station and the reanalysis data produced by
the United States National Centers for Environmental Prediction using the Weather
Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the WRF model with a three-dimensional
variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system and the WRF model with an ensemble
square root filter (EnSRF) data assimilation system. In addition, the present
study analyzes a Meiyu front heavy rainfall process that occurred in the Yangtze
-Huaihe River Basin from July 4 to July 5, 2003, through numerical simulation.
The results show the following. (1) The assimilation of the radar radial velocity
data can increase the perturbations in the low-altitude atmosphere over the heavy
rainfall region, enhance the convective activities and reduce excessive simulated
precipitation. (2) The 3DVAR assimilation method significantly adjusts the
horizontal wind field. The assimilation of the reflectivity data improves the
microphysical quantities and dynamic fields in the model. In addition, the
assimilation of the radial velocity and reflectivity data can better adjust the
wind fields and improve the intensity and location of the simulated radar echo
bands. (3) The EnSRF assimilation method can assimilate more small-scale wind
field information into the model. The assimilation of the reflectivity data alone
can relatively accurately forecast the rainfall centers. In addition, the
assimilation of the radial velocity and reflectivity data can improve the
location of the simulated radar echo bands. (4) The use of the 3DVAR and EnSRF
assimilation methods to assimilate the radar radial velocity and reflectivity
data can improve the forecast of precipitation, rain-band areal coverage and the
center location and intensity of precipitation. 相似文献
14.
WANG Yunfeng WANG Bin HAN Yueqi ZHU Min HOU Zhiming ZHOU Yi LIU Yudi KOU Zheng 《大气科学进展》2004,21(4):587-596
The numerical forecasts of mei-yu front rainstorms in China has been an important issue. The intensity and pattern of the frontal rainfall are greatly influenced by the initial fields of the numerical model. The 4-dimensional variational data assimilation technology (4DVAR) can effectively assimilate all kinds of observed data, including rainfall data at the observed stations, so that the initial fields and the precipitation forecast can both be greatly improved. The non-hydrostatic meso-scale model (MM5) and its adjoint model are used to study the development of the mei-yu front rainstorm from 1200 UTC 25 June to 0600 UTC 26 June 1999. By numerical simulation experiments and assimilation experiments, the T106 data and the observed 6-hour rainfall data are assimilated. The influences of many factors, such as the choice of the assimilated variables and the weighting coefficient, on the precipitation forecast results are studied. The numerical results show that 4DVAR is valuable and important to mei-yu front rainfall prediction. 相似文献
15.
Present work elucidates the impact of 3DVAR data assimilation technique for the simulation of one of the heavy rainfall events reported over Kotdwara region in the North-West Himalayan (NWH) region on 4th August 2017. We have examined the impact of conventional and satellite-based radiance datasets on the simulated results with and without assimilating the observations into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Three experiments have been designed with 3 nested domains of variable resolutions, one without assimilation (referred as control experiment) and other two experiments after assimilating conventional and satellite radiances observations (refer as DA-OBS and DA-SAT respectively). In the present study, assimilation of surface, upper air and the satellite-based radiance observations has been carried out for the outermost domain with horizontal resolution of 9 km. Statistical analysis suggests that the correlation coefficient is high (0.55) and root mean square error (RMSE) is low (17.12) for DA-SAT experiment as compared to other two experiments. Substantial improvement in the location, pattern and intensity of extreme rainfall event is noted after assimilation of both conventional and satellite observations with respect to the observed rainfall data. However, it is noted that the assimilation of satellite radiances has greater impact in simulating better intensity of the heavy rainfall event as compared to the assimilation of conventional observations. Plausible reason behind this could be the non-availability of the conventional observations close to the extreme rainfall event affected region. 相似文献
16.
中国地形复杂，模式地形与实际观测地形存在一定高度差异，因此设计合理的复杂地形下地面观测资料的同化方案有利于使我国目前仅用作探测手段的地面观测资料（常规地面观测站和地面自动站）在中尺度数值模式中得到充分利用。作者在MM5_3DVAR同化系统中利用近地层相似理论将地面观测资料进行直接三维变分同化分析，并对地面资料同化方案设计中是否需要考虑模式与实际观测站地形高度差异进行探讨研究。研究结果表明：通过近地层相似理论将地面观测资料同化到数值模式能起到一定的作用，并且地面观测资料（温度、 湿度、 风场、 地面气压）中各物理量同化到数值模式都能影响24小时降水数值结果，但各物理量起的作用大小不一样，其中影响最大的是温度，其次为湿度；地面观测资料同化方案设计有必要考虑模式地形与实际观测站地形高度差异，适当考虑这种高度差异能取得较好的结果。 相似文献
17.
多普勒雷达资料在冷涡强对流天气中的同化应用试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用WRF模式的三维变分同化系统(WRF-3DVAR),对沈阳多普勒天气雷达资料在东北冷涡暴雨个例中的同化应用进行了试验.研制了多普勒雷达资料质量控制系统,实现了对径向风和反射率因子的直接同化,不但可以反演中尺度三维气象要素场,而且可以为模式提供初始场.以天气尺度资料为背景场同化多普勒雷达资料,WRF-3DVAR可以较好地反演冷涡中尺度对流系统的三维结构,反演的地面强对流辐散气流及在对流层中层涡旋都符合中尺度系统概念模型,通过与实际地面探测资料进行了对比,风场环流基本接近,同化了雷达资料的气象要素场可为预报业务提供较好的包含中小尺度系统的实时三维分析场.通过冷涡个例同化试验,应用WRF-3DVAR同化雷达资料后,中尺度模式对对流降水的预报总体有正的影响,对强对流中的一些中小尺度雨团的预报也略有改善. 相似文献
18.
GPS掩星反演大气温湿资料具有高垂直分辨率、高精度、受云和降水影响小等优点,针对GRAPES同化预报系统,发展设计了一种既考虑预报模式高度-地形追随垂直坐标不均匀分层特点,又结合掩星反演资料特性的新适应性垂直稀疏化方案。通过个例试验和批量试验,探索了该适应性稀疏化方案对分析预报质量的影响。试验结果表明:选取合适的稀疏参数,新稀疏化方案的GPS掩星反演资料对背景场的调整更加有效,分析场质量更高;位势高度、比湿、温度和风场等预报场的均方根误差均更小;适应性稀疏化方案对改善台风路径预报具有积极作用。批量试验则进一步证实了适应性稀疏化方案对分析场质量有明显的改善作用。 相似文献
19.
多普勒激光雷达风场反演方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用三维变分同化反演(3DVAR)、 四维变分同化反演(4DVAR) 对多普勒激光雷达资料反演风场的方法进行了研究, 利用车载多普勒激光雷达在2008年残奥会测试赛期间外场试验取得的数据, 反演了海面10 m高度处的风场, 并将风场反演结果与浮标资料进行了对比分析, 结果表明: 3DVAR、4DVAR风场反演方法均能实现近海面风的精细化风场反演, 并能反映出风向的变化, 反演风场与浮标数据基本一致, 在风速较大的天气情况, 3DVAR与4DVAR反演风场的一致性要好于风速较小的天气情况; 4DVAR反演方法中以浮标资料作为背景场, 使得其与浮标的符合程度要好于3DVAR方法反演风场; 反演风场的风向与浮标风向具有很好的相关关系, 反演风场的风速与浮标风速具有一定的相关关系, 反演风场的风向、风速与浮标的风向、风速之间平均均方根误差和平均绝对误差表明, 这两序列之间具有一定差别, 在风速较小的天气情况下使用时需要注意。 相似文献
20.
卫星资料循环同化应用对区域数值预报效果影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为提高卫星资料在同化系统中的利用率及验证卫星微波资料对区域数值预报效果的影响,本文以2008年8月1-31日为研究时段,利用WRF模式及其WRF-3DVAR同化模块,设计并构建了卫星微波资料的快速循环同化方案,分析循环同化方案对数值预报的改进效果.结果表明,相比于单时次同化,循环同化方案使各预报要素的相关系数在一定程度上得到改善,均方差也呈现减小的趋势.此外,对研究时段内暴雨和台风个例的具体分析显示,循环同化方案能够有效改善降水和台风路径的预报. 相似文献