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1.
Bimlesh Kumar 《Water Resources》2011,38(6):745-754
In the present work, a resistance equation has been developed empirically for the alluvial channel by using a large database
of flume and field experimental observations. Advantage of the present model is that it includes the effect of Froude number,
Reynolds number and particle relative roughness parameter on friction factor. Developed model predicts well the friction factor
in the alluvial channel. The validity of the equation is tested with most recent experimental and field observations and is
found in good agreement. Curves of friction factor at different relative roughness have been developed for the field application. 相似文献
2.
倾角时差校正（ＤＭＯ）方法对于复杂地质构造条件下的纵波反射波（Ｐ－Ｐ）的多次覆盖地震数据的叠加具有显著的提高信噪比的效果．对于转换反射波（Ｐ－ＳＶ）来说，进行倾角时差校正（ＤＭＯ）处理就更需要．本文首先对Ｐ－ＳＶ波的倾角时差校正（ＤＭＯ）的几何原理进行了分析，然后重点研究用波动方程进行ＤＭＯ的方法，即Ｐ－ＳＶ转换反射波的叠前部分偏移的波动方程法．这种方法也适用于Ｐ－Ｐ反射波的叠前部分偏移处理．研究结果表明，波动方程ＤＭＯ方法在振幅保真方面比几何原理的ＤＭＯ方法有显著改善． 相似文献
3.
Costanza Di Stefano Alessio Nicosia Vincenzo Pampalone Vincenzo Palmeri Vito Ferro 《水文研究》2019,33(9):1317-1323
In this paper, a recently deduced flow resistance equation for open channel flow was tested under equilibrium bed‐load transport conditions in a rill. First, the flow resistance equation was deduced applying dimensional analysis and the incomplete self‐similarity condition for the flow velocity distribution. Then, the following steps were carried out for developing the analysis: (a) a relationship (Equation 13 ) between the Γ function of the velocity profile, the rill slope, and the Froude number was calibrated by the available measurements by Jiang et al.; (b) a relationship (Equation 17 ) between the Γ function, the rill slope, the Shields number, and the Froude number was calibrated by the same measurements; and (c) the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor values measured by Jiang et al. were compared with those calculated by the rill flow resistance equation with Γ estimated by Equations 13 and 17 . This last comparison demonstrated that the rill flow resistance equation, in which slope and Shields number, representative of sediment transport effects, are introduced, is characterized by the lowest values of the estimate errors. 相似文献
4.
J. M. MENDEL 《Geophysical Prospecting》1980,28(2):240-256
A Kunetz equation is often used as the starting point in the development of solutions for the inversion of one-dimensional, noise free, normal incident seismograms, for which |ro|= 1. In this paper we demonstrate a need for a Kunetz-type equation in which filtered signals can be used, so that noise effects can be reduced. We then show that an infinite number of Kunetz-type equations exist for the lossless wave equation in layered media. Finally, we show that it is indeed valid to formulate and solve the inverse problem using filtered signals. 相似文献
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笛卡尔坐标系中经典的程函方程在静校正、叠前偏移、走时反演、地震定位、层析成像等许多地球物理工作都有应用,然而用其计算起伏地表的地震波走时时却比较困难.我们通过把曲线坐标系中的矩形网格映射到笛卡尔坐标系的贴体网格推导出了曲线坐标中的程函方程,此时,曲线坐标系的程函方程呈现为各向异性的程函方程(尽管在笛卡尔坐标系中介质是各向同同性的).然后尝试用求解各向同性程函方程的快速推进法和Lax-Friedrichs快速扫描算法来分别求解该方程.数值试验表明未加考虑各向异性程函方程与各向同性程函方程的差别而把求解各向同性程函方程的快速推进法直接拓展到曲线坐标中的程函方程的做法是错误的,而Lax-Friedrichs快速扫描算法总能稳定地求解曲线坐标系的程函方程,进而有效地处理了地表起伏的情况,得到稳定准确的计算结果. 相似文献
7.
An upwind fast sweeping scheme for calculating seismic wave first‐arrival travel times for models with an irregular free surface 
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下载免费PDF全文 The topography‐dependent eikonal equation formulated in a curvilinear coordinate system has recently been established and revealed as being effective in calculating first‐arrival travel times of seismic waves in an Earth model with an irregular free surface. The Lax–Friedrichs sweeping scheme, widely used in previous studies as for approximating the topography‐dependent eikonal equation viscosity solutions, is more dissipative and needs a much higher number of iterations to converge. Furthermore, the required number of iterations grows with the grid refinement and results in heavy computation in dense grids, which hampers the application of the Lax–Friedrichs sweeping scheme to seismic wave travel‐time calculation and high‐resolution imaging. In this paper, we introduce a new upwind fast sweeping solver by discretising the Legendre transform of the numerical Hamiltonian of the topography‐dependent eikonal equation using an explicit formula. The minimisation related to the Legendre transform in the sweeping scheme is solved analytically, which proved to be much more efficient than the Lax–Friedrichs algorithm in solving the topography‐dependent eikonal equation. Several numerical experiments demonstrate that the new upwind fast sweeping method converges and achieves much better accuracy after a finite number of iterations, independently of the mesh size, which makes it an efficient and robust tool for calculating travel times in the presence of a non‐flat free surface. 相似文献
8.
Vuggy reservoirs are the most common, albeit important heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in China. However, saturation calculations using logging data are not well developed, whereas Archie method is more common. In this study, electrical conduction in a vuggy reservoir is theoretically analyzed to establish a new saturation equation for vuggy reservoirs. We found that vugs have a greater effect on saturation than resistivity, which causes inflection in the rock-electricity curve. Using single-variable experiments, we evaluated the effects of vug size, vug number, and vug distribution on the rock-electricity relation. Based on the general saturation model, a saturation equation for vuggy reservoirs is derived, and the physical significance of the equation parameters is discussed based on the seepage-electricity similarity. The equation parameters depend on the pore structure, and vugs and matrix pore size distribution. Furthermore, a method for calculating the equation parameters is proposed, which uses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data to calculate the capillary pressure curve. Field application of the proposed equation and parameter derivation method shows good match between calculated and experimental results, with an average absolute error of 5.8%. 相似文献
9.
The behaviour of river waves is described using a simplified dimensionless form of the momentum equation in conjunction with the continuity equation. Three dimensionless parameters were derived based on a quantitative linear analysis. These parameters, which depend on the Froude number of the steady uniform flow and the geometric characteristics of the river, permit quantification of the influence of inertia and pressure in the momentum equation. It was found that dynamic and diffusion waves occur mainly on gentle channel slopes and the transition between them is characterized by the Froude number. On the other hand, the kinematic wave has a wide range of applications. If the channel slope is greater than 1%, the kinematic wave is particularly suitable for describing the hydraulics of flow. Since slopes in natural channel networks are often greater than 1%, an analytical solution of the linearized kinematic wave equation with lateral inflow uniformly distributed along the channel is desirable and was therefore derived. The analytical solution was then implemented in a channel routing module of an existing simple rainfall–runoff model. The results obtained using the analytical solution compared well with those obtained from a non‐linear kinematic wave model. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Abstract This paper is concerned with the dielectrophoretic instability of a spherical shell of fluid. A dielectric fluid, contained in a spherical shell, with rigid boundaries is subjected to a simultaneous radial temperature gradient and radial a.c. electric field. Through the dependence of the dielectric constant on temperature, the fluid experiences a body force somewhat analogous to that of gravity acting on a fluid with density variations. Linear perturbation theory and the assumption of exchange of stabilities lead to an eighth order differential equation in radial dependence of the perturbation temperature. The solution to this equation, satisfying appropriate boundary conditions, yields a critical value of the electrical Rayleigh number and corresponding critical wave number at which convective motion begins. The dependence of each critical number is presented as a function of the gap size and temperature gradient. In the limit of zero shell thickness both the critical Rayleigh number and critical wave number agree with results for the case in the infinite plane problem. 相似文献
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弹性介质中密度ρ与拉梅常数λ、μ的衍射层析成像方法研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用接收到的纵波信息，通过解纵波方程得到介质的密度和拉梅常数分布函数．首先，在频率波数域建立了描述入射纵波信号、接收纵波信号和介质三参数扰动量之间关系的积分方程．然后，建立了关于接收信号的各频率成份的方程组．经过正反傅氏变换求解此方程组即可得到介质三参数的分布函数．最后，就跨孔观测系统进行了数值模拟成像试验。结果表明方法有效． 相似文献
13.
Claude VIGUIER 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):21-27
Abstract The necessary and sufficient conditions for non-zero phase shift and non-zero attenuation in linear flood routing can be derived from the continuity equation alone and are found to depend on the existence of an imaginary part in the expression for frequency or in the expression for wave number. It is shown that in linear flood routing the phase lag between flow rate and area of flow is directly related to the attenuation per unit wave length. The effects of using various forms of the momentum equation, in addition to the continuity equation, are exemplified by deriving analytical expressions in terms of the frequency, both for attenuation per unit channel length and for phase shift, for the kinematic wave, the general diffusion analogy, and the complete St. Venant equation. 相似文献
14.
B. Nath 《地震工程与结构动力学》1981,9(1):33-51
A novel method has been proposed for the finite element solution of the steady-state scalar wave equation in three-dimensions. In this the governing equation and the prescribed boundary conditions in the physical space are transformed into a spherical polar space in which the radial direction is logarithmically condensed; the physical problem domain is also mapped into the new space. The transformed equation is then solved in the mapped domain using conventional finite elements. Because physical dimensions of the problem are logarithmically condensed in the proposed spherical polar space, the method is particularly suitable for solving truly three-dimensional problems in which the aspect ratio(s) is large or very large. A number of illustrative examples considered show that the proposed method is capable of a high degree of accuracy, achieved efficiently and economically. A hybrid scheme has also been proposed for dealing with awkward-shaped domains. 相似文献
15.
Mode superposition is a widely used method for solving the dynamic equilibrium equation in structural dynamic analysis. However, the accuracy of this method may be reduced when the dynamic equilibrium equations are set up using displacement excitation. A new method for developing solutions for dynamic equilibrium equations based on displacement excitation is introduced. The dynamic equilibrium equation is decomposed into two parts, namely displacement excitation and velocity excitation, and precise integration and mode superposition methods are combined to solve the equation. Ritz vectors are then used to calculate the static response of the truncated modes of the structure, and a method for determining the number of participating modes is obtained. Using multi-degree-of-freedom systems as two computational examples, the differences in the structural responses obtained from the displacement excitation and acceleration excitation are compared and analyzed. It is shown that the new solution method generates consistent accuracy between the displacement excitation and acceleration excitation. 相似文献
16.
对于在Rayleigh波勘探中经常提取到的多模式频散曲线，如何在理论上对其特征进行描述是一个很有意义的问题. 本文根据Rayeigh波频散方程中传递矩阵具有的高频近似特征，提出了传递矩阵的高频近似分解公式，据此导出了频散方程的高频近似分解公式，并在此基础上，定义了Rayleigh波的4种基本模式(R模、S模、R型周期模和S型周期模). 根据频散方程具有的周期性特征，给出了周期模频散曲线之间的平均间隔近似公式，以及在任意频率和相速度段内频散方程根的数目（即多模式的激发数目）的预测公式. 在这些结果的基础上，本文最后提出了频散方程数值搜根的一种新方法. 相似文献
17.
《Advances in water resources》2005,28(8):793-806
In this paper, the numerical errors associated with the finite difference solutions of two-dimensional advection–dispersion equation with linear sorption are obtained from a Taylor analysis and are removed from numerical solution. The error expressions are based on a general form of the corresponding difference equation. The variation of these numerical truncation errors is presented as a function of Peclet and Courant numbers in X and Y direction, a Sink/Source dimensionless number and new form of Peclet and Courant numbers in X–Y plane. It is shown that the Crank–Nicolson method is the most accurate scheme based on the truncation error analysis. The effects of these truncation errors on the numerical solution of a two-dimensional advection–dispersion equation with a first-order reaction or degradation are demonstrated by comparison with an analytical solution for predicting contaminant plume distribution in uniform flow field. Considering computational efficiency, an alternating direction implicit method is used for the numerical solution of governing equation. The results show that removing these errors improves numerical result and reduces differences between numerical and analytical solution. 相似文献
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有限差分方法是波场数值模拟的一个重要方法,交错网格差分格式比规则网格差分格式稳定性更好,但方法本身都存在因网格化而形成的数值频散效应,这会降低波场模拟的精度与分辨率.为了缓解有限差分算子的数值频散效应,精确求解空间偏导数,本文把求解波动方程的线性化方法推广到用于求解弹性波方程交错网格有限差分系数;同时应用最大最小准则作为模拟退火(SA)优化算法求解差分系数的数值频散误差判定标准来求解有限差分系数.通过上述两种方法,分别利用均匀各向同性介质和复杂构造模型进行了数值正演模拟和数值频散分析,并与传统泰勒展开算法、最小二乘算法进行比较,验证了线性化方法和模拟退火方法都能有效压制数值频散,并比较了各个算法的特点. 相似文献
20.
M. J. Manton 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1977,115(3):547-559
Summary The motion of an aerosol can be described by a general force balance equation, independent of the detailed structure of the flow, provided that the interaction between the external flow field and the local flow induced by the aerosol is weak. A necessary and sufficient condition for the interaction to be weak is that the length scale of the aerosol is much less than that of the external flow. High and low Reynolds number regimes can be distinguished for the motion of an aerosol relative to the external flow. In some extreme conditions the equation of motion reduces to an algebraic equation for the aerosol velocity.After submission of this article the author was made aware of a similar treatment published inTopics of Appl. Phys., 12 (Turbulence, Chapter 7), Springer Verlag, Berlin, which at the time of the article's submission had not yet appeared in Australia. (Ed.) 相似文献