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1.
西藏和云南三江地区特提斯洋盆演化历史的古地磁分析 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：27
通过对华南、思茅、保山、缅泰、印支、羌塘、拉萨和喜马拉雅地块进行了古纬度和纬度运移量的对比分析,以确定西藏和云南西部三江地区主要地块的碰撞拼合历史,以及相应的特提斯洋盆演化时限。结果表明:①分隔保山和思茅地块的古特提斯洋可能于早志留世张开;②保山与思茅地块于晚二叠世碰撞,然后继续和华南地块、缅泰地块一起向北漂移,直到晚三叠世;③古特提斯洋年龄范围在早志留世至晚二叠世之间;④中特提斯洋年龄范围在早二叠世至早白垩世之间,在晚三叠世达到其最大纬度宽度,约42°;⑤雅鲁藏布江缝合带所代表的新特提斯洋于晚三叠世张开。 相似文献
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3.
青藏高原羌塘地块和拉萨地块汇聚-碰撞拼合过程的研究对认识青藏高原中部隆升历史及其动力学过程具有重要的科学意义,而羌塘地块古地磁研究对理解上述问题至关重要。通过对羌塘地块西部改则地区晚三叠世灰岩的系统古地磁测定,获得其高温剩磁分量。但是这一高温剩磁分量未通过褶皱检验,表明为后期重磁化的结果。研究剖面高温特征剩磁平均方向在地理坐标下为Dg=349.3°,Ig=40.4°,κg=45.4,α95=6.5°,相应的古地磁极为76.4°N,311.1°E,dp/dm=4.7°/7.9°。这一古地磁极与羌塘地块早白垩世约110～100 Ma的古地磁极在古地磁误差范围内重合,表明其重磁化的时代为早白垩世约110～100 Ma。综合分析羌塘地块和拉萨地块古地磁结果,并结合海相地层、蛇绿岩和洋岛等地质证据,显示班公湖-怒江特提斯洋西段闭合的时间发生在早白垩世晚期约110～100Ma。改则地区晚三叠世灰岩的早白垩世晚期重磁化作用与羌塘/拉萨地块西部的碰撞密切相关。 相似文献
4.
西藏羌塘盆地中生代构造岩相演化及油气远景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西藏羌塘盆地中生代构造岩相组合分带及特征明显 ,可以反映羌塘盆地的演化史。早中三叠世北羌塘构造岩相组合表现为前陆盆地沉积 ,而南羌塘盆地为剥蚀环境 ;至晚三叠世除中央隆起剥蚀外 ,北羌塘仍为前陆盆地沉积 ,而此时南羌塘坳陷演化成陆缘海沉积。早侏罗世早期盆地开始坳陷 ,造成相对较窄沉积相的构造岩相组合特点 ,初步形成“两坳一隆”的构造格局 ;中侏罗世南北羌塘坳陷继续下降 ,“两坳一隆”的构造格局更加明显 ;晚侏罗世羌塘盆地发育到晚期 ,并萎缩、封闭成型。从构造岩相组合特征看 ,中侏罗统北羌塘坳陷龙尾湖—雀莫错凹陷区与南羌塘坳陷蒂让碧错凹陷区都是有利于储、聚油气的远景区。 相似文献
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晚三叠世-侏罗纪是羌塘盆地大型海相沉积盆地形成时期,是研究羌塘盆地形成过程、判别盆地性质的重要时期.本文通过区域构造、盆地充填建造和岩相古地理分析,提出了该时期的羌塘盆地并非晚三叠世前陆盆地(或弧后盆地)和侏罗纪弧后盆地(前陆盆地),而是晚三叠世早期(肖茶卡期)的陆表海盆地和晚三叠世诺利期-中侏罗世巴柔期(那底岗日期-雀莫错期)的坳陷-裂陷盆.肖茶卡期内陆盆地主要受可可西里-金沙江活动带的控制,沉积期后出现的海退事件可能与冈瓦纳大陆与欧亚大陆的碰撞作用有关;那底岗日期-索瓦期羌塘盆地的强烈拉张断陷可能反映冈瓦纳大陆边缘的总体构造背景. 相似文献
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羌塘盆地东部基底由前石炭纪吉塘岩群组成,沉积盖层为晚古生代一白垩纪地层。其中,中生代海相地层在盆地内分布广泛,沉积体系多样,构造古地理转换频繁。中生代盆地包括南羌塘坳陷、唐古拉山隆起带、北羌塘坳陷等3个构造单元,内部又可以划分出不同时期多个次级凹陷和凸起。盆地的发展和演化既受南、北两侧板块结合带控制,又受盆地内部被分划性断裂带围限的各断块差异性活动约束,依次经历了晚三叠世前陆盆地阶段,“北羌塘”早-中侏罗世伸展裂陷盆地发育阶段,多玛侏罗纪-早白垩世早期被动大陆边缘陆表海盆地发展阶段、晚期前陆盆地阶段,晚白垩世南羌塘山间压陷盆地演化阶段。实质上,该盆地是不同时期原型盆地有序叠加而构成的大型叠复式盆地。 相似文献
7.
羌塘地块中生代时期的漂移演化及其成钾条件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过研究地块的古纬度,可以为我们认识该地块在地质历史时期的古地理位置和南北向漂移演化提供定量约束。本文通过收集、整理、评判中生代时期羌塘地块已发表的古地磁数据,建立了该地块在中生代时期的漂移演化历史。羌塘地块在中—晚三叠世期间,可能发生大规模快速北向漂移,并与羌塘北部的构造单元体发生碰撞;中侏罗世时期位于北半球21.4°N,晚侏罗世期间已北向到达31.8°N。中晚侏罗纪期间,羌塘地块古纬度值逐步升高,发生约1154±223km(△λ=10.4°±2.1°)的北向漂移。白垩世期间羌塘地块相对稳定,在古纬度30°N左右。综合上述羌塘地块的漂移演化历史,结合其它地质证据,如古气候、构造和从古地理位置等,中晚侏罗世夏里组时期羌塘地块具备较好的成钾条件。 相似文献
8.
遵循刘宝珺院士提出的“构造控盆、盆地控相”指导思想，在系统厘定地层格架和构造单元划分基础上，确定青藏高原巨型造山带晚三叠世构造-古地理从北往南依次发育：羌塘-三江多岛海、班公湖-双湖-怒江洋、冈底斯-喜马拉雅多岛海和若干次级构造-古地理单元。班公湖-双湖-怒江洋是分隔冈瓦纳大陆和欧亚大陆的特提斯大洋，南羌塘地块是漂浮在特提斯大洋中的块体。本次重点对北羌塘前陆盆地和北喜马拉雅被动大陆边缘盆地的沉积相带展布和古地理进行了研究。造成两个盆地沉积序列及古气候差别的主要因素是构造地质事件。构造事件决定了盆地性质，盆地性质又控制了沉积相带的空间展布。北喜马拉雅盆地位于冈瓦纳构造域，晚三叠世盆地基底南浅北深，继承了古生代构造离散型被动大陆边缘沉积，印支造山作用不发育；北羌塘盆地位于泛华夏构造域，晚三叠世发育印支挤压造山作用及其前陆盆地沉积记录。盆地分析研究表明，北羌塘南部江爱达日那和热觉茶卡等地下三叠统康鲁组底部均发现灰紫色中厚层复成分砾岩、含砾粗砂岩、细砂岩组成向上变细的海侵型地层结构，沉积相为滨岸三角洲；上三叠统土门格拉群沉积相为含煤盆地边缘三角洲。从沉积相展布型式和北东向古水流方向分析，三叠纪北羌塘沉积盆地的物源主要来自羌塘中部双湖造山剥蚀区或“中央隆起带”。 相似文献
9.
藏北羌塘盆地大规模古风化壳的发现及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新的野外油气地质调查发现,在羌塘盆地中央隆起带及其两侧的南、北羌塘坳陷中,那底岗日组及其同沉积地层之下广泛发育了一古风化壳,古风化壳覆盖了石炭系、二叠系和前人已确定的三叠系肖茶卡组,具有区域性展布的特点。研究表明,不同地区古风化壳的形成时代不同：在南羌塘及中央隆起带上,风化剥蚀作用可能于晚二叠世就已开始,并经历了早、中三叠世的进一步演化;北羌塘地区的古风化壳形成时代可能为晚三叠世（或中三叠世）,至晚三叠世肖茶卡组沉积期,形成了南北羌塘统一的古风化壳,并被那底岗日组及其同沉积地层超覆。这些新发现对于重新认识羌塘盆地的沉积演化、正确评价羌塘盆地的石油地质条件具有重要意义。 相似文献
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应用地层对比、砂岩岩相学和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学的方法,重建东巧—北拉地区物源转换和班公湖—怒江洋多期次俯冲及微陆块的拼合过程。研究表明：东卡错微陆块南侧的中下侏罗统希湖群下段表现为上三叠统确哈拉群的再旋回沉积,而北侧上段则开始出现来自羌塘地区的物质。这标志着北侧早侏罗世俯冲的东巧分支洋盆消亡,东卡错微陆块在中侏罗世与羌塘地块拼合开始形成初始周缘前陆盆地。接奴群的物源完全来自南羌塘地区,表明周缘前陆盆地在微陆块南侧北拉洋俯冲挤压下持续发育。晚侏罗世—早白垩世(147～141 Ma)拉萨地块和羌塘地块东西向全面碰撞,至早白垩世晚期(约120 Ma)南侧的分支洋盆北拉洋消亡代表碰撞结束。南羌塘地区受班公湖—怒江洋俯冲作用控制在早侏罗世发育由弧前—岩浆弧—弧后盆地组成的“一隆两坳”古地貌,并沉积了曲色组页岩和布曲组石灰岩。微陆块碰撞导致南羌塘盆地的隆起和海平面的下降,形成夏里组含膏质泥岩的潮坪相沉积。随着拉萨地块和羌塘地块的全面碰撞,南羌塘盆地从弧相关盆地卷入前陆盆地褶皱冲断带中,发生差异埋藏和隆升剥蚀。晚侏罗世—早白垩世,南羌塘盆地曲色组烃源岩和布曲组石灰岩在构造挤压作用下发生快速埋藏,进... 相似文献
11.
D.V. Kovalenko 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2010,51(4):387-403
Rock complexes in Mongolia experienced two remagnetization events. Almost all secondary remanence components of normal polarity were acquired apparently in the Cenozoic, after major deformation events, and those of reverse polarity were associated with intrusion of bimodal magmas during the Late Carboniferous–Permian reverse superchron. Active continental-margin sequences in some areas of Mongolia were folded prior to the Late Carboniferous–Permian magnetic event. The primary origin of magnetization in Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks has been inferred to different degrees of reliability. According to paleolatitudes derived from most reliable paleomagnetic data, the analyzed rocks were located far north of the North China block throughout the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic. Mongolia, as well as Siberia, moved from the south to the north in the Paleozoic, back from the north to the south between the latest Triassic and the latest Jurassic, and remained almost within the same latitudes in Cretaceous and Cenozoic time. These paleolatitudes show no statistical difference from those for the Siberian craton at least since the latest Permian (275–250 Ma). Older Mongolian complexes (with ages of 290, 316, and 330 Ma) likewise may have formed within the Siberian continent, which makes their paleomagnetic determinations applicable to calculate the polar wander path for Siberia. The paleolatitudes of Early Carboniferous sediments in Mongolia differ significantly from those of Siberia, either because of overprints from the reverse superchron or because they were deposited away from the Siberian margin. 相似文献
12.
新疆及周边古地磁研究与构造演化 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
新疆古地磁研究始于1979年,20年来通过对塔里木、准噶尔、昆仑山等地区的古地磁研究,获得了古生代—新生代塔里木板块、准噶尔板块和青藏板块古地磁极移曲线和古纬度资料。震旦纪以前塔里木板块尚未形成,晚震旦世在赤道附近各地块才联合成塔里木板块的主体部分。后经历了两次快速北移,一次快速南移。准噶尔板块早古生代为一个独立的微板块,在晚古生代与哈萨克斯坦板块联合成一体,组成了哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块;塔里木板块震旦纪时还属冈瓦纳大陆的一个组成部分,早古生代逐渐脱离了冈瓦纳大陆,快速向北漂移,晚古生代早期与准噶尔板块首次在东部碰撞,成为劳亚大陆南缘的一个增生体。将介于劳亚大陆和冈瓦纳大陆之间的古陆体,称之谓华夏古陆群。晚古生代末—中生代早期,华夏古陆群先后增生到劳亚大陆南缘;早古生代早期古特提斯洋尚未形成,诸地块处于冈瓦纳大陆范围内,位于南半球的赤道附近。在中-晚志留世,这些地(板)块才快速向北漂移,由于洋扩张,形成了古特提斯洋,构成了三大陆块群夹两个大洋的古地理格局;二叠纪是特提斯构造演化关键时期,晚侏罗-早白垩世昆仑地块与柴达木地块和塔里木地块发生碰撞,联合成一体。早侏罗世早期柴达木地块等与塔里木地块发生碰撞联合,造成了古特提斯洋消亡。早侏罗世中期,开 相似文献
13.
We present a compilation of reliable paleomagnetic pole positions from five continental plates (North America, Europe, the Iberian Peninsula, Africa, and South America) for ten time intervals ranging from Late Carboniferous to Eocene. Only well-dated results obtained by demagnetization techniques have been used. Paleomagnetic poles are plotted with respect to the paleo-positions of the continents, as reconstructed from correlations of marine magnetic anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean by Pitman and Talwani and from the fit by Bullard et al. The poles from North America, Europe and the younger poles from Africa show a very good grouping for most of the ten intervals considered, and a continuous apparent polar wandering path is obtained. These data have been used to construct paleolatitude maps for most intervals; thus the relative positions of the continents were established from sea-floor spreading data and their absolute positions on the globe were determined from paleomagnetic data. The older data from South America and the other Gondwana continents show a systematic deviation from those of the northern continents for Late Paleozoic and Early Triassic time periods. An explanation is offered in a different continental reconstruction between Laurasia and Gondwanaland before Middle Triassic times. 相似文献
14.
Critical assessment of Paleozoic paleomagnetic results from Australia shows that paleopoles from locations on the main craton and in the various terranes of the Tasman Fold Belt of eastern Australia follow the same path since 400 Ma for the Lachlan and Thomson superterranes, but not until 250 Ma or younger for the New England superterrane. Most of the paleopoles from the Tasman Fold Belt are derived from the Lolworth-Ravenswood terrane of the Thomson superterrane and the Molong-Monaro terrane of the Lachlan superterrane. Consideration of the paleomagnetic data and geological constraints suggests that these terranes were amalgamated with cratonic Australia by the late Early Devonian. The Lolworth-Ravenswood terrane is interpreted to have undergone a 90° clockwise rotation between 425 and 380 Ma. Although the Tamworth terrane of the western New England superterrane is thought to have amalgamated with the Lachlan superterrane by the Late Carboniferous, geological syntheses suggest that movements between these regions may have persisted until the Middle Triassic. This view is supported by the available paleomagnetic data. With these constraints, an apparent polar wander path for Gondwana during the Paleozoic has been constructed after review of the Gondwana paleomagnetic data. The drift history of Gondwana with respect to Laurentia and Baltica during the Paleozoic is shown in a series of paleogeographic maps. 相似文献
15.
Gondwanaland origin, dispersion, and accretion of East and Southeast Asian continental terranes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
East and Southeast Asia is a complex assembly of allochthonous continental terranes, island arcs, accretionary complexes and small ocean basins. The boundaries between continental terranes are marked by major fault zones or by sutures recognized by the presence of ophiolites, mélanges and accretionary complexes. Stratigraphical, sedimentological, paleobiogeographical and paleomagnetic data suggest that all of the East and Southeast Asian continental terranes were derived directly or indirectly from the Iran-Himalaya-Australia margin of Gondwanaland. The evolution of the terranes is one of rifting from Gondwanaland, northwards drift and amalgamation/accretion to form present day East Asia. Three continental silvers were rifted from the northeast margin of Gondwanaland in the Silurian-Early Devonian (North China, South China, Indochina/East Malaya, Qamdo-Simao and Tarim terranes), Early-Middle Permian (Sibumasu, Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes) and Late Jurassic (West Burma terrane, Woyla terranes). The northwards drift of these terranes was effected by the opening and closing of three successive Tethys oceans, the Paleo-Tethys, Meso-Tethys and Ceno-Tethys. Terrane assembly took place between the Late Paleozoic and Cenozoic, but the precise timings of amalgamation and accretion are still contentious. Amalgamation of South China and Indochina/East Malaya occurred during the Early Carboniferous along the Song Ma Suture to form “Cathaysialand”. Cathaysialand, together with North China, formed a large continental region within the Paleotethys during the Late Carboniferous and Permian. Paleomagnetic data indicate that this continental region was in equatorial to low northern paleolatitudes which is consistent with the tropical Cathaysian flora developed on these terranes. The Tarim terrane (together with the Kunlun, Qaidam and Ala Shan terranes) accreted to Kazakhstan/Siberia in the Permian. This was followed by the suturing of Sibumasu and Qiangtang to Cathaysialand in the Late Permian-Early Triassic, largely closing the Paleo-Tethys. North and South China were amalgamated in the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic and finally welded to Laurasia around the same time. The Lhasa terrane accreted to the Sibumasu-Qiangtang terrane in the Late Jurassic and the Kurosegawa terrane of Japan, interpreted to be derived from Australian Gondwanaland, accreted to Japanese Eurasia, also in the Late Jurassic. The West Burma and Woyla terranes drifted northwards during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous as the Ceno-Tethys opened and the Meso-Tethys was destroyed by subduction beneath Eurasia and were accreted to proto-Southeast Asia in the Early to Late Cretaceous. The Southwest Borneo and Semitau terranes amalgamated to each other and accreted to Indochina/East Malaya in the Late Cretaceous and the Hainanese terranes probably accreted to South China sometime in the Cretaceous. 相似文献
16.
A traverse through the western Kunlun (Xinjiang,China): tentative geodynamic implications for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
The northern part of the western Kunlun (southern margin of the Tarim basin) represents a Sinian rifted margin. To the south of this margin, the Sinian to Paleozoic Proto-Tethys Ocean formed. South-directed subduction of this ocean, beneath the continental southern Kunlun block during the Paleozoic, resulted in the collision between the northern and southern Kunlun blocks during the Devonian. The northern part of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, located to the south of the southern Kunlun, was subducted to the north beneath the southern Kunlun during the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic. This caused the formation of a subduction-accretion complex, including a sizeable accretionary wedge to the south of the southern Kunlun. A microcontinent (or oceanic plateau?), which we refer to as “Uygur terrane,” collided with the subduction complex during the Late Triassic. Both elements together represent the Kara-Kunlun. Final closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean took place during the Early Jurassic when the next southerly located continental block collided with the Kara-Kunlun area. From at least the Late Paleozoic to the Early Jurassic, the Tarim basin must be considered a back-arc region. The Kengxiwar lineament, which “connects” the Karakorum fault in the west and the Ruogiang-Xingxingxia/Altyn-Tagh fault zone in the east, shows signs of a polyphase strike-slip fault along which dextral and sinistral shearing occurred. 相似文献
17.
A paleomagnetic study of Late Mesozoic dolente dykes and sills and Paleozoic sediments from Spitsbergen, the main island of the Svalbard Archipelago, gives the position of the pole in the Late Mesozoic and Paleozoic as distinct from the corresponding poles of Europe and North America. The Paleozoic pole is to the south of corresponding poles for Europe and North America. The data suggest that Svalbard has moved independently of Europe and North America at least in the Late Mesozoic, and thus might behave as a microplate or block. 相似文献
18.
“钉合岩体”与新疆北部主要缝合带的形成时限 总被引：42，自引：15，他引：27
本文介绍了钉合岩体的概念,强调钉合岩体在造山带研究中具有重要的大地构造意义。在科迪勒拉增生造山带中,钉合岩体是在增生事件之后形成的;而在喜马拉雅碰撞造山带中,钉合岩体是在碰撞事件之后形成的。因此可以区分后增生和后碰撞两类钉合岩体,它们可以为限定增生或碰撞事件的时间上限提供年代学约束。特别是在缝合带被钉合岩体侵入的情况下,缝合带的形成时限(即增生或碰撞事件的起止时间)可以根据缝合带中最年轻的蛇绿岩质岩石和最老的钉合岩体给予严格限定。应用这种方法,能够限定新疆北部的主要缝合带(如额尔齐斯-斋桑缝合带、北天山缝合带和南天山缝合带等,东准噶尔和西准噶尔的蛇绿岩带)最晚是在晚石炭世形成的。西准噶尔增生杂岩也是在在晚石炭世形成的,但当时是否存在洋壳俯冲还需要进一步研究。目前的资料显示,虽然新疆北部各主要缝合带的形成时限存在一定差异,但没有三叠纪形成的缝合带。特别是南天山缝合带内发育的钉合岩体不但有效地限定了缝合带的时间上限,而且还从地质上约束了受到质疑的晚二叠世放射虫化石的可靠性和高压-超高压变质岩中三叠纪锆石U-Pb年龄的解释的合理性。 相似文献
19.
滇西潞西地区位于青藏高原东南缘,大地构造位置上属于保山地体。由于新生代强烈的陆内变形作用,保山地体与青藏高原腹地体的对应关系难以确定。野外观察及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,潞西新元古代—早古生代地层(震旦系—寒武系蒲满哨群及下奥陶统大矿山组)大部分碎屑锆石Th/U0.1,说明其大多为岩浆成因。U-Pb年龄跨度较大,太古宙—早古生代都有分布,且具有明显的562Ma、892Ma及2265Ma年龄峰,以及较弱的1680Ma和2550Ma年龄峰。保山地体潞西地区沉积岩碎屑锆石年龄分布特征与特提斯喜马拉雅、南羌塘沉积地层碎屑锆石年龄分布特征相似,说明其具有相同的物源——冈瓦纳大陆北部的印度大陆。在新元古代晚期—早古生代,保山地体位于印度大陆北缘,与南羌塘、喜马拉雅地体相邻。伴随着俯冲相关的增生造山过程,保山地体形成相应的新元古代末期—早古生代沉积地层。 相似文献