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1.
《Marine pollution bulletin》1987,18(6):284-289
Sediments sampled within bed of the Coatzacoalcos river, Veracruz, Mexico were used as geo-accumulators for the assessment of the status of petroleum pollution in the Coatzacoalcos river. Stable carbon isotope ratios and the composition of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in order to evaluate the importance of the petrogenic inputs as well as to ascertain their spatial distribution. Molecular markers, namely acyclic isoprenoid hydrocarbons, steranes and hopanes were studied for source identification. As result, high levels of petroleum were found in the whole studied area, with no defined spatial trends, corresponding to an overall pollution by the same type of crude oil products. 相似文献
2.
This investigation showed that urban stormwater runoff provides a significant amount of petrogenic material to receiving waters and sediments. A characteristic hydrocarbon ‘fingerprint’ for sediments and particulate matter in the Hillsborough Reservoir, Hillsborough River and upper Hillsborough Bay was provided. Determination of source material for petroleum contamination in stormwater runoff and river sediment indicated that crankcase oil was a primary contributor to sediment hydrocarbon contamination. A comparison of sediment hydrocarbons with hydrocarbons from stormwater runoff showed that the most probable source of crankcase oil-like petrochemicals found in sediment was the stormwater runoff.A comparison of hydrocarbon composition in suspended particulate matter with that of accumulated bottom sediments in the reservoir, river and bay, during a non-storm period and rising tide showed no resuspension and upriver transport of petroleum contaminated bay sediment. No special influence of the bay upon the lower river was observed relative to hydrocarbon tracers, indicating that most contaminated sediment transport was downriver during storm events. Additional studies should be performed over various tidal cycles and storm events incorporating sediment cores, sediment grain size analysis and hydrocarbon characterization at more closely spaced stations near the river mouth to address adequately the question of specific hydrocarbon pollution sources, rate of petroleum influx and persistence of petrochemical contaminants in the sediment. 相似文献
3.
针对河流模拟中未知不确定性源对模拟精度的影响,以巢湖流域南淝河为研究对象,建立了基于四维变分同化方法的南淝河干流水质模型,研究了含未知污染源的南淝河水质过程模拟.模型以未知污染负荷的动态变化过程为控制变量,通过同化沿河不同断面的逐日水质监测数据,识别不同河段的逐日入河污染负荷过程来实现水质过程的模拟,改变了常规模型模拟需提前预知并输入污染负荷的应用前提.模拟结果表明,采用四维变分同化方法的水质模拟结果有明显改进,重点河段水质模拟的纳什效率系数从小于0提高到0.5以上.识别的入河污染过程与降雨过程波动总体一致,证实南淝河的入河污染与降雨过程密切;同时,模型也可识别异常的入河负荷,提高模型对水环境问题的诊断分析能力.该方法可推广应用于复杂河流系统,为巢湖等流域污染来源定量解析、水质预测预警及污染管控提供支持. 相似文献
4.
The available observational data on the pollution of tributaries and areas of the Caspian Sea by petroleum hydrocarbons and
products are examined. The possible petroleum input from sources in the sea is assessed using up-to-date data of satellite
observations of sea surface pollution by oil films. The hydroecological CNPSi-model is applied to studying water pollution
processes by petroleum hydrocarbons in ten areas chosen in the Caspian Sea and the subsequent biodegradation of those pollutants.
The model calculations of the within-year dynamics of petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations use mean annual observational data
on within-year variations in water mediium characteristics (water temperature, light intensity, and transparency), as well
as the morphometric parameters of sea areas (the area, mean depth, and water volumes). The characteristics of water exchange
between the areas were evaluated using a hydrodynamic model. The model calculations were used to characterize the within-year
variations in petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations, the biomasses of petroleum-oxidizing bacteria, the characteristics of
their oxidation activity and bioproduction, and the internal fluxes of petroleum hydrocarbons (their input from various sources,
horizontal and vertical transport, and biotransformation) in different sea areas. Calculation results were used to compile
annual balances for the processes of input and consumption of petroleum hydrocarbons in the chosen and aggregated sea areas. 相似文献
5.
为进一步揭示阳澄湖入湖河道的污染物来源,提出相应的治理对策,以2017—2021年阳澄湖入湖河道水质监测数据为基础进行分析讨论。依据入湖水量选取10条主要入湖河道进行分析,其中位于阳澄湖东岸的白曲港在七浦塘拓浚工程建成之前主导流向为出湖,工程建成后,通过Pearson相关分析证实了其流向与七浦塘引水时的水力关系,因此白曲港被选为主要入湖河道。采用距平系数法、系统聚类法和物元分析法将阳澄湖主要入湖河道分为3个类别:第1类别包括白荡、蠡塘河、北河泾、永昌泾4条河道,第2类别包括渭泾塘、界泾和施家斗港3条河道,第3类别包括南消泾、七浦塘和白曲港3条河道。使用因子分析法进行因子分析,第1类别河道的因子为高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、氨氮(NH3-N)、溶解氧(DO)和总磷(TP),第2类别河道的污染因子为NH3-N、总氮(TN)、pH、TP和DO,第3类别河道的污染因子为pH、TP、TN和DO。通过对上游河道水质情况分析、文件研究以及实地调查等方式得出第1类别河道区域的污染源主要为工业污染源和生活污染源,第2类别河道区域污染源主要为工业污染源与种植业污染源,第3类别河道污染源主要为陆地水产养殖污... 相似文献
6.
H.-J. Brauch 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1993,21(3):137-144
Since 1987 significant decrease of pesticide concentrations in the river Rhine has been observed. This is due to the improvement of waste water treatment processes and the closing of some pesticide production sites in the Rhine basin area. Whereas in the last years point pollution from waste water effluents was the dominant source for pesticide input into the river, nowadays the nonpoint pollution (diffuse runoff) becomes more and more important. This leads to seasonal occurrence or to higher concentration peaks after application in agriculture. Only for atrazine and its metabolite desethylatrazine very low ?background”?-levels could regularly be found along the river and all over the year. Furthermore pesticide metabolites and byproducts seem to be interesting for evaluating pesticide pollution in the river Rhine. 相似文献
7.
The White Sea is a natural analogue of arctic seas. The pollution of the sea by petroleum hydrocarbons is not high now. However,
the load on sea ecosystem can increase in the nearest future because of the anticipated industrial development in its watershed,
including an increase in oil, coal, and diamond production. The specific features of the nature of arctic marine systems (hydrological,
ice, hydrobiological, hydrochemical, and radiation regimes), and the poor knowledge of the conditions of dispersion, transformation,
and utilization of petroleum hydrocarbons in such seas make their ecological studies especially important. Petroleum hydrocarbon
concentrations in the waters of tributaries and water areas of the White Sea (for 1980–2006 and 1989–2006, respectively) were
evaluated using literary and authors’ data. Analysis of the collected materials shows that the majority of petroleum hydrocarbons
enter the sea’s water areas with river runoff. Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations were evaluated in major tributaries of
the sea, including the rivers of Northern Dvina, Onega, Mezen, Niva, Kem, and Keret, delivering petroleum hydrocarbons into
the bays of Dvina, Onega, Mezen, and Kandalaksha, water area near the Solovetskie Islands, and Chupa Bay, respectively (Bay
— Gulf). Model calculations should yield within-year variations in petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in different part
of the sea (under a correctly specified load) and the conditions of their biotransformation and horizontal transport through
the boundaries between areas within the sea. 相似文献
8.
太浦河是太湖流域重要跨省界河流,沿岸区域污染源众多,下游分布重要水源地,存在突发水污染潜在风险,迫切需要开展区域污染源潜在风险评估,为突发水污染事件的风险防控提供科学依据.本研究通过太浦河周边区域的污染源调研,明确污染源的空间分布与污染源强,确定评估区域的主要污染物（化学需氧量、氨氮、锑、重金属铬、油品、危险化学品）,综合考虑污染源、河流水文、沿岸社会经济等因素,筛选突发水污染潜在风险评估指标,构建评估指标体系,评估突发水污染事件的综合风险,识别太浦河周边区域的主要突发水污染潜在风险源.研究结果表明：太浦河周边区域的高突发水污染风险区呈现片状或斑块状分布,主要包括大型污水处理厂区域、大型工业企业区域、加油站和危险化学品仓库集中分布区、太浦河沿岸工业企业区域、水源地周边工业企业区域,总面积为22 km2,占太浦河污染源风险评估范围总面积的1.4%,是突发水污染事件防控的重点区域. 相似文献
9.
Characteristics of distribution and transport of petroleum contaminants in fracture-karst water in Zibo Area, Shandong Province, China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Fracture-karst water is an important water resource for the water supply in North China. Petroleum contamination is one of
the most problematic types of the groundwater pollution. The characteristics of distribution and transport of the petroleum
contaminants in fracture-karst water are different from those in porous water. The flow velocity of fracture-karst water is
much faster than the velocity of porous water on an average. Therefore, contaminant transport in fracture-karst water is an
absolute advection-dominated problem. The plume of the petroleum contamination may extend to several kilometers from pollution
sources. It was not caused by the oil pool floating on the water table but by the oil components dissolved and scattered in
groundwater. The distribution of the petroleum contaminants over space are concentrated in the strong conductive zone on the
plane. On the vertical section the highest concentration of the oil contaminants appeared in the strata where the contamination
sources were located. The concentrations of the oil contaminants in wells changed greatly over time. Therefore, the curves
of concentration versus time fluctuated greatly. The reasons are as follows. (a) Fracture-karst water has a very great velocity.
(b) Local flow fields which were caused by pumping and stoppage in some wells changed frequently. (c) In fracture-karst aquifer
the transport channels are complicated. (d) Residual oil in vadose zone was leached after rainfall. It is of great practical
value for the control and remediation of petroleum contamination in fracture-karst aquifer to understand those characteristics. 相似文献
10.
Michael O. Angelidis Andreas I. Athanasiadis 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1995,57(2):161-171
The pollution mechanisms affecting the protected wetland of the river Evros delta, were investigated during an one year survey (1992–1993). The eastern part of the wetland was mainly influenced by river transported pollution which is generated in the greater catchment basin of the river Evros, in Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece. In this part of the wetland, the highest concentrations of organic matter were found during summer, but nutrients concentrations increased during the early winter months. Nitrogen concentrations remained high throughout spring but SRP concentrations decreased considerably during the same period. In the western part of the wetland, the watercourses were mainly influenced by local activities (agriculture and animal breeding) but pollutant concentrations were lower than in the river stations. These preliminary results indicate that river transported pollution is the major factor for the quality degradation of the wetland's waters. 相似文献
11.
夏季滇池和入滇河流氮、磷污染特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为探讨滇池入湖河流水体营养盐空间分布特征及其对滇池水体富营养化的影响,2014年7月采集了入滇4类典型河流(城市纳污型河流、城乡结合型河流、农田型河流、村镇型河流)及滇池水样,分析其氮、磷浓度.结果表明:4条入湖河流总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、硝态氮和氨氮污染均较严重;河流水体中TN、TP平均浓度大小为:农田型河流(大河)村镇型河流(柴河)城乡结合型河流(宝象河)城市纳污型河流(盘龙江),其中农田型河流(大河)水体TN、TP污染最为严重;在夏季,4条入湖河流水体中TN、TP浓度从上游向下游增加趋势比较明显,表明氮、磷沿河流不断富集;氮磷比分析表明,夏季河流输入氮、磷营养盐有利于藻类的生长,并且滇池浮游植物生长主要受TN浓度限制;夏季滇池南部入湖河流水体的TN、TP浓度高于北部入湖河流,该特征与滇池水体中TN、TP污染分布状况相反,推测滇池北部富营养化的主要影响因素是内源释放.因此,在今后的滇池水体富营养化研究中,应对滇池内源释放进行深入研究. 相似文献
12.
太湖宜溧河水系沉积物的重金属污染特征 总被引：83，自引：11，他引：72
用ICP方法分析了太湖宜溧河水系沉积物中主要重金属含量,以太湖宜溧河口下层沉积物作背景样品,用均根法对沉积物中重金属进行了污染综合指数计算,并根据划分的污染等级对宜溧河水系沉积物污染状况进行了分析和评价。结果表明：宜溧河及其入湖口沉积物平均呈轻污染状态,北部支流未受污染,南部支流和太湖沿岸呈轻污染,干流河段污染最为严重,呈偏中度污染水平,在个别测点综合评价已达到重度污染状态。全水系Cu,Zn,Cd和Pb的污染指数略高。其中仅有Cd含量高出我国土壤一级自然背景值,表现为Cd污染型,其原因能与该地区水泥制造业和有色金属冶炼的污染排放有关。 相似文献
13.
Dimitriou Elias Mentzafou Angeliki Markogianni Vasiliki Tzortziou Maria Zeri Christina 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(6):977-995
Managing water resources, in terms of both quality and quantity, in transboundary rivers is a difficult and challenging task that requires efficient cross-border cooperation and transparency. Groundwater pollution risk assessment and mapping techniques over the full catchment area are important tools that could be used as part of these water resource management efforts, to estimate pollution pressures and optimize land planning processes. The Evros river catchment is the second largest river in Eastern Europe and sustains a population of 3.6 million people in three different countries (Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece). This study provides detailed information on the main pollution sources and pressures in the Evros catchment and, for the first time, applies, assesses and evaluates a groundwater pollution risk mapping technique using satellite observations (Landsat NDVI) and an extensive dataset of field measurements covering different seasons and multiple years. We found that approximately 40 % of the Greek part of the Evros catchment is characterized as of high and very high pollution risk, while 14 % of the study area is classified as of moderate risk. Both the modeled and measured water quality status of the river showed large spatiotemporal variations consistent with the strong anthropogenic pressures in this system, especially on the northern and central segments of the catchment. The pollutants identified illustrate inputs of agrochemicals and urban wastes in the river. High correlation coefficients (R between 0.79 and 0.85) were found between estimated pollution risks and measured concentrations of those chemical parameters that are mainly attributed to anthropogenic activities rather than in situ biogeochemical processes. The pollution risk method described here could be used elsewhere as a decision support tool for mitigating the impact of hazardous human activities and improving management of groundwater resources. 相似文献
14.
一种水污染的综合控制模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文将水质预测及水污染控制措施有机地结合,选取水环境容量和污染指数作为水污染控制的参数,这样,一给对流－扩散水质方程的求解除就是实现本研究目的的关键,本研究彩和的模型在现有的水质模型基础上有所改进,因为其采用四点隐格式对水质进行预测,推求可接给污染物的环境容量值有为保证水质而陷定的污染物浓度值,从而制定相应的水污染控制措施,为整体考虑各种污染物的情况,建议彩和河流的污染指数进而推求综合污染指数,总之,本研究为水质保护提供了科学的计算方法,该法对水污染及污水对河道水质的影响是实用有效的。 相似文献
15.
16.
A multi-criteria approach to Great Barrier Reef catchment (Queensland, Australia) diffuse-source pollution problem 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents a multi-criteria based tool for assessing the relative impact of diffuse-source pollution to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) from the river basins draining into the GBR lagoon. The assessment integrates biophysical and ecological data of water quality and pollutant concentrations with socio-economic information pertaining to non-point source pollution and (potential) pollutant impact. The tool generates scores for each river basin against four criteria, thus profiling the basins and enabling prioritization of management alternatives between and within basins. The results support policy development for pollution control through community participation, scientific data integration and expert knowledge contributed by people from across the catchment. The results specifically provided support for the Reef Water Quality Protection Plan, released in October 2003. The aim of the plan is to provide a framework for reducing discharge of sediment, nutrient and other diffuse-source loads and (potential) impact of that discharge and for prioritising management actions both between and within river basins. 相似文献
17.
Victor Fitzmaurice 《Marine pollution bulletin》1978,9(6):153-156
Norwegian and British laws relevant to the control of marine pollution from North Sea petroleum development are briefly described. The emergence of law intended to reduce the probability of pollution from equipment failure or human error is noted, and suggestions are made to increase the effectiveness of this approach. 相似文献
18.
《国际泥沙研究》2016,(2):110-119
Rivers play an important role in people's living and agricultural production, however, intense human activities have broken the original ecological balance, and affected structures and functions of the river ecosystem. To restore the damaged river ecosystem back to a healthy status, effective ecological restoration measures need to be implemented. The main problems that the damaged rivers face are either the locally altered hydrological processes affected by construction of hydraulic facilities, or the deterioration of water quality resulted from pollution emissions, or both. In this study, ecological restoration techniques of the rivers affected by engineering control or pollution are reviewed respec-tively. In addition, three kinds of methods, i.e. physical, chemical and biological–ecological methods are introduced in details for the rivers affected by water pollution. At present, the development of river restoration techniques shows the following trends: 1) the scale of ecological restoration is becoming larger; 2) ecological restoration measures are required to meet multiple objectives; and 3) the man-agement of water environment is changing from water quality management to aquatic ecosystem management. 相似文献
19.
Spatial distribution and source apportionment of PAHs in surficial sediments of the Yangtze Estuary, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Spatial distribution and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediments of the Yangtze Estuary, especially the North Branch, have been fully investigated. PAH concentrations increased with the descending distance from the inner estuary to the adjacent sea, and varied significantly in various estuarine regions. Water currents (e.g., river runoff and ocean current) greatly affected the distribution pattern. In addition, ambient sewage and traffic also contributed to the PAH pollution in the estuary. In the adjacent sea, PAH values along the -20m isobath were higher than those along the -10m isobath due to the "marginal filter" phenomenon formed by different water currents. In most sites, PAHs had poor correlations with sediment size, but had positive correlations with total organic carbon. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis results, PAH sources were proved to be mainly from a mixture of petroleum combustion, biomass, and coal combustion. 相似文献
20.
The physicochemistry of the Black River and adjacent marine beach, in terms of tidal, daily and seasonal fluctuations of temperature and salinity, presents a highly stressed environment exacerbated by canalization of the river mouth. Riverine pollution further stresses this environment, producing low densities and diversities of marine infauna adjacent to the river. No fauna were found in the river mouth where typical estuarine conditions exist only during high tide. Tolerance of the dominant marine species, Cerebratulus fuscus, to temperature, salinity and river water combinations showed that mortality was more rapid after exposure to river water dilutions than after exposure to distilled water dilutions. Computer-generated models suggested that this species should survive conditions closer to the river than were observed. This confirmed additional stress due to pollution carried in the river from urban and industrial drainage. Lower river water temperatures during winter appear to ameliorate pollution stress, enhancing survivability of the infauna. 相似文献