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Iftikhar U. Sikder 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(12):1206-1223
This paper presents a granular computing approach to spatial classification and prediction of land cover classes using rough set variable precision methods. In particular, it presents an approach to characterizing large spatially clustered data sets to discover knowledge in multi-source supervised classification. The evidential structure of spatial classification is founded on the notions of equivalence relations of rough set theory. It allows expressing spatial concepts in terms of approximation space wherein a decision class can be approximated through the partition of boundary regions. The paper also identifies how approximate reasoning can be introduced by using variable precision rough sets in the context of land cover characterization. The rough set theory is applied to demonstrate an empirical application and the predictive performance is compared with popular baseline machine learning algorithms. A comparison shows that the predictive performance of the rough set rule induction is slightly higher than the decision tree and significantly outperforms the baseline models such as neural network, naïve Bayesian and support vector machine methods. 相似文献
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B. Poovalinga Ganesh S. Rajendran A. Thirunavukkarasu K. Maharani 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2009,37(1):1-8
Uncertainties in Geovisualaization / GIScience spatial data can minimize but not completely provided by the different image
processing classification methods. The methods of image processing techniques are purely dependent on spectral signature values.
In the present study, we collected end member spectral values from both satellite data and field signatures and applied in
supervised and fuzzy classification of image processing techniques to discriminate the iron ore formations and associated
land cover features of part of Godumalai hill region of Salem District, Tamil Nadu State, India. The result of analysis shows
that the fuzzy classified image discriminated the iron formation with better appearance and distinct boundary between the
associated features than the analyses results obtained by supervised methods. 相似文献
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遥感数据的海量堆积与应用信息的匮乏日益凸显信息认知提取的重要性,在地学信息图谱方法论的指导下,同时参考视觉认知流程,提出了遥感信息图谱认知方法用于遥感数据的自动解译。在地理信息系统的统一框架下逐步挖掘多源遥感数据的"图"、"谱"特征并进行图谱耦合分析,通过多尺度分割、特征分析、监督学习等关键步骤完成"察觉—分辨—确认"的地学认知流程,初步满足自动化和智能化应用需求。在土地覆盖信息自动解译应用中建立了基于"图谱"先验知识的管理与运用机制以实现自动化,采用机器学习算法提升智能化程度,并以自适应迭代控制模型使结果精度向最优逼近。选取了珠江三角洲的试验区域进行了基于ALOS多光谱影像的土地覆盖自动分类,结果符合预期,说明了本文方法的可行性。 相似文献
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地表覆盖的高效变化检测在地理国情监测中具有重要意义。本文针对当前地表覆盖检测人工目视解译方法效率低，以及软件自动解译错检率、漏检率较高的特点和现状，提出了一种基于联合特征的地表覆盖类型自动变化检测方法。该方法通过对比7种不同的特征联合方案，确立了联合灰度共生矩阵、灰度直方图、光谱统计特征、对象特征的最优组合形式，并设计支持向量机高维度分类器进行分类。试验结果表明，在浙江省复杂地表覆盖分布情况下，基于分辨率优于1 m的国产高分卫星影像，该方法对房屋建筑区、建筑工地等人工构筑物类型变化检测的正确率达到85%以上，对耕地、草地等植被类型也能取得较好的检测效果。 相似文献
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针对高分辨率遥感影像分类中由于细节特征突出、同质区域光谱测度变异性增大所带来的像素类属的不确定性及模型的不确定性等造成的误分结果,提出一种基于模糊隶属函数的监督分类方法。对同质区域定义高斯隶属函数模型用来表征像素类属不确定性;模糊化该隶属函数参数建立影像模糊隶属函数,以建模同质区域光谱测度的不确定性;用训练样本在所有类别中的模糊隶属函数及原隶属函数（高斯隶属函数）中的隶属度为输入,建立模糊线性神经网络模型作为目标函数,实现分类决策。该算法和经典算法对World View-2全色合成影像及真实影像进行定性和定量分类实验,分类结果验证了文中方法具有更高的分类精度。 相似文献
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Different pixel-based, object-based and subpixel-based methods such as time-series analysis, decision-tree, and different supervised approaches have been proposed to conduct land use/cover classification. However, despite their proven advantages in small dataset tests, their performance is variable and less satisfactory while dealing with large datasets, particularly, for regional-scale mapping with high resolution data due to the complexity and diversity in landscapes and land cover patterns, and the unacceptably long processing time. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the comparatively highest performance of an operational approach based on integration of multisource information ensuring high mapping accuracy in large areas with acceptable processing time. The information used includes phenologically contrasted multiseasonal and multispectral bands, vegetation index, land surface temperature, and topographic features. The performance of different conventional and machine learning classifiers namely Malahanobis Distance (MD), Maximum Likelihood (ML), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Random Forests (RFs) was compared using the same datasets in the same IDL (Interactive Data Language) environment. An Eastern Mediterranean area with complex landscape and steep climate gradients was selected to test and develop the operational approach. The results showed that SVMs and RFs classifiers produced most accurate mapping at local-scale (up to 96.85% in Overall Accuracy), but were very time-consuming in whole-scene classification (more than five days per scene) whereas ML fulfilled the task rapidly (about 10 min per scene) with satisfying accuracy (94.2–96.4%). Thus, the approach composed of integration of seasonally contrasted multisource data and sampling at subclass level followed by a ML classification is a suitable candidate to become an operational and effective regional land cover mapping method. 相似文献
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Miguel A. Ortega-Huerta Enrique Martinez-Meyer Stephen L. Egbert Kevin P. Price A. Townsend Peterson 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):7-20
Abstract An important methodological and analytical requirement for analyzing spatial relationships between regional habitats and species distributions in Mexico is the development of standard methods for mapping the country's land cover/land use formations. This necessarily involves the use of global data such as that produced by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). We created a nine‐band time‐series composite image from AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) bi‐weekly data. Each band represented the maximum NDVI for a particular month of either 1992 or 1993. We carried out a supervised classification approach, using the latest comprehensive land cover/vegetation map created by the Mexican National Institute of Geography (INEGI) as reference data. Training areas for 26 land cover/vegetation types were selected and digitized on the computer's screen by overlaying the INEGI vector coverage on the NDVI image. To obtain specific spectral responses for each vegetation type, as determined by its characteristic phenology and geographic location, the statistics of the spectral signatures were subjected to a cluster analysis. A total of 104 classes distributed among the 26 land cover types were used to perform the classification. Elevation data were used to direct classification output for pine‐oak and coastal vegetation types. The overall correspondence value of the classification proposed in this paper was 54%; however, for main vegetation formations correspondence values were higher (60‐80%). In order to obtain refinements in the proposed classification we recommend further analysis of the signature statistics and adding topographic data into the classification algorithm. 相似文献
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Yong Ge Sanping Li V. Chris Lakhan Arko Lucieer 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2009
The existence of uncertainty in classified remotely sensed data necessitates the application of enhanced techniques for identifying and visualizing the various degrees of uncertainty. This paper, therefore, applies the multidimensional graphical data analysis technique of parallel coordinate plots (PCP) to visualize the uncertainty in Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data classified by the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM). The Landsat TM data are from the Yellow River Delta, Shandong Province, China. Image classification with MLC and FCM provides the probability vector and fuzzy membership vector of each pixel. Based on these vectors, the Shannon's entropy (S.E.) of each pixel is calculated. PCPs are then produced for each classification output. The PCP axes denote the posterior probability vector and fuzzy membership vector and two additional axes represent S.E. and the associated degree of uncertainty. The PCPs highlight the distribution of probability values of different land cover types for each pixel, and also reflect the status of pixels with different degrees of uncertainty. Brushing functionality is then added to PCP visualization in order to highlight selected pixels of interest. This not only reduces the visualization uncertainty, but also provides invaluable information on the positional and spectral characteristics of targeted pixels. 相似文献
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Land cover classification of finer resolution remote sensing data is always difficult to acquire high-frequency time series data which contains temporal features for improving classification accuracy. This paper proposed a method of land cover classification with finer resolution remote sensing data integrating temporal features extracted from time series coarser resolution data. The coarser resolution vegetation index data is first fused with finer resolution data to obtain time series finer resolution data. Temporal features are extracted from the fused data and added to improve classification accuracy. The result indicates that temporal features extracted from coarser resolution data have significant effect on improving classification accuracy of finer resolution data, especially for vegetation types. The overall classification accuracy is significantly improved approximately 4% from 90.4% to 94.6% and 89.0% to 93.7% for using Landsat 8 and Landsat 5 data, respectively. The user and producer accuracies for all land cover types have been improved. 相似文献
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Timothy G. Whiteside Guy S. Boggs Stefan W. Maier 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
The development of robust object-based classification methods suitable for medium to high resolution satellite imagery provides a valid alternative to ‘traditional’ pixel-based methods. This paper compares the results of an object-based classification to a supervised per-pixel classification for mapping land cover in the tropical north of the Northern Territory of Australia. The object-based approach involved segmentation of image data into objects at multiple scale levels. Objects were assigned classes using training objects and the Nearest Neighbour supervised and fuzzy classification algorithm. The supervised pixel-based classification involved the selection of training areas and a classification using the maximum likelihood classifier algorithm. Site-specific accuracy assessment using confusion matrices of both classifications were undertaken based on 256 reference sites. A comparison of the results shows a statistically significant higher overall accuracy of the object-based classification over the pixel-based classification. The incorporation of a digital elevation model (DEM) layer and associated class rules into the object-based classification produced slightly higher accuracies overall and for certain classes; however this was not statistically significant over the object-based using spectral information solely. The results indicate object-based analysis has good potential for extracting land cover information from satellite imagery captured over spatially heterogeneous land covers of tropical Australia. 相似文献
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结合Landsat-8遥感数据,采用多级决策树分类方案,利用归一化植被指数、波段比值、主成分分量等光谱特征参数并融合其他非遥感知识,对黄河三角洲地区土地利用与覆盖的信息展开了全面的提取、研究与分析,获得了该地区5个一级类、12个二级类地物的分布情况,分类总体精度93.88%,优于传统监督分类。同时采用聚类、分类叠加和人机交互等分类后处理操作以获得更贴近地面实际的制图效果,开展基于海岸线的缓冲区分析以获得各地物特别是距离海岸线10 km、20 km范围内地物类型的空间分布并完成相关制图与分析,为黄河三角洲地区滨海土地的利用与开发提供了数据支持。 相似文献
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Remote sensing satellite data offer the unique possibility to map land use land cover transformations by providing spatially explicit information. However, detection of short-term processes and land use patterns of high spatial–temporal variability is a challenging task.We present a novel framework using multi-temporal TerraSAR-X data and machine learning techniques, namely discriminative Markov random fields with spatio-temporal priors, and import vector machines, in order to advance the mapping of land cover characterized by short-term changes. Our study region covers a current deforestation frontier in the Brazilian state Pará with land cover dominated by primary forests, different types of pasture land and secondary vegetation, and land use dominated by short-term processes such as slash-and-burn activities. The data set comprises multi-temporal TerraSAR-X imagery acquired over the course of the 2014 dry season, as well as optical data (RapidEye, Landsat) for reference. Results show that land use land cover is reliably mapped, resulting in spatially adjusted overall accuracies of up to 79% in a five class setting, yet limitations for the differentiation of different pasture types remain.The proposed method is applicable on multi-temporal data sets, and constitutes a feasible approach to map land use land cover in regions that are affected by high-frequent temporal changes. 相似文献
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近年来,随着遥感技术的不断发展,利用遥感技术开展土地覆盖信息的提取工作已经变得越来越普遍。本文主要利用遥感技术进行土地覆盖信息的提取,为后续土地信息的分析调查提供了有利的数据。此次研究选取了渝西地区作为研究区,使用TM／ETM遥感图像作为基础数据。在提取覆盖信息之前,首先,采用遥感图像处理技术,对研究区进行了图像预处理;接着,对研究区四种地类进行采样处理,利用得到的采样数据,对研究区的遥感图像进行了光谱分析;最后,进行监督分类得到覆盖信息的明显特征,可以看出建筑用地在明显增多。并对分类结果进行精度评价,得到最后结论,可以看出每一时期的总分类精度都在85％以上,符合分类要求。 相似文献
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土地覆被作为地表自然和人工建造物的综合体，是开展土地科学相关研究的重要基础，在遥感大数据背景下，准确、快速、自动化进行土地覆被提取技术一直是遥感研究中的重点。本文基于eCognition软件，采用面向对象的多尺度分割法，综合考虑地物在遥感影像上的光谱、形状和纹理特征，建立多种地物提取规则。通过模糊函数、支持向量机（SVM）和阈值法对研究区的土地覆被进行分类提取，并与研究区的FROM-GLC10数据和土地利用变更数据进行了对比分析。结果表明：①研究区土地覆被分类的总体精度为97%，Kappa系数为0.96，分类精度较高；②基于10 m分辨率影像，综合使用形状、纹理、光谱信息对于道路的提取具有较好的效果，道路提取Kappa系数为0.84；③分类结果在面积和空间分布上都优于FROM-GLC10数据，与研究区实际土地变更数据保持较好的一致性。基于面向对象与规则的分类方法提取地物能够有效利用多种遥感影像特征，分类精度高，对于处理高分辨率遥感数据具有很好的优势。 相似文献
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模糊类别制图的空间统计学方法 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
类别地图是地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）应用中所利用的重要数据类别。这类数据可以从摄影测量和遥感技术得到。用摄影测量方法（影像判读）制作的类别地图常以点、线和多边形的离散目标形式描述,而遥感图像分类方法输出的类别地图以连通光栅块形式表达。不论哪一种情况,在每一个多边形或者光栅块（即制图单元）中仅允许单一类别,边界内部非均匀性和模糊形已经被“过滤”了。这样的类别地图沿用了古曲脆集合论,因为每个制图单元只允许 相似文献
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提出了一种基于误差分析的组合分类器,通过结合两种监督分类方法,提出的算法分别估计了两种监督分类方法在计算过程中的误差,给出了规则输出的置信区间,再根据置信区间的大小对两种分类方法的输出结果进行加权平均,从而得到更精确的规则输出.利用该方法对遥感图像进行分类实验,在不同训练样本分布与不同训练样本数量的情况下,比较新的组合分类器与单一分类器的精度.结果表明新的组合分类器能够取得比单一的分类器更高的分类精度.结果还显示出,两个分类器的独立性越强,组合分类器的效果越好.另外一个实验比较了新的组合分类器与和式规则组合分类器的分类精度,结果仍显示出了新方法的优越性. 相似文献