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1.
岩石的超高压状态参数对研究地球动力学问题和岩石爆破工程问题具有十分重要的意义.本实验应用平面波炸药透镜驱动飞板撞击靶板产生超高压冲击波,并用探针测量冲击波在岩石试件中的传播速度和粒子速度,再由 Rankine-Hugoniot 方程得到岩石的密度与压力之间的关系.所研究的岩石为石灰岩和花岗岩.实验的最高压力超过70GPa.得到两种岩石的超高压状态方程是:石灰岩————=3.22+0.016p;花岗岩————=3.20+0.024p.其中的单位为 g/cm3,p 的单位为 GPa. 相似文献
2.
Some geophysical surveying works in the northeast part of Dandong, such as shallow shock refracted wave, electrical prospecting,
electrical sounding and wave velocity measuring, are introduced in this paper, and the dynamic parameters are calculated.
The results show that the basement structure in surveying region is very complex, the overburden thickness of the quaternary
period, velocity distribution and dynamic parameters are of regional characteristics. The depth of basement is deep in the
north and shallow in the west, the difference between north and west region is about 5–10 m. The south part of Yalu river
fault belt is composed of F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 fault, their strike direction is NE, we can determine that the F2 fault is the main one in Yalu river fault belt, and the south part of Yalu river fault belt has no activity since Holocene
Epoch.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 282–288, 1993. 相似文献
3.
4.
ＴｉｍｅｓｐａｃｅｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆａｂｒｕｐｔｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗａｖｅｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｒａｔｉｏｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｉｓｍｏｇｅｎｉｃｐｒｏｃｅｓｏｆｒｅｃｅｎｔｓｔｒｏｎｇｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓｉｎＹｕｎｎａ... 相似文献
5.
In this paper, the influences of mechanical properties of low velocity layers and thickness of high velocity layers in the
lower lithosphere on the horizontal propagaties of seismic waves are discussed by means of altrasonic seismic model experiments;
It is shown that the structure of the lower lithosphere consisting of soft low velocity layers and thin high velocity layers
is favourable for the horizontal propagation of seismic energy, therefore, it is a very possible structure pattern of the
lower lithosphere responsible for Pn and later high velocity arrivals observed in long range distances; Such pattern is also
consistent with studies of rheological stratification of the lower lithosphere beneath mid-ocean-ridges and continental rifts.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 97–102, 1993.
The project is supported by the Chinese joint Seismological Science Foundation. 相似文献
6.
This paper aims to analyse the geoelectrical resistivityρ
s
data on the dipole electrode sounding, which were firstly accumulated from the earthquake prone region in China. The analyses
on the one order difference value of the geoelectrical resistivity indicated that, firstly, more than 4 percent of theρ
s
data reveals the precursors by 3 to 76 days ahead the earthquakes occurring, with the magnitude range of 4 ≤M ≤ 6. 4, in a region of 100 km around the station, and secondly, the results revealed that the seasonal variation ofρ
s
data were slight.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 211–219, 1992. 相似文献
7.
Yu-Ru Zhuo 《地震学报(英文版)》1993,6(2):447-454
The travel-times of multi-bounce P waves have been used to investigate the lateral heterogeneity of the uppermantle P wave
velocity structure beneath north-west part of China and middle Asia. The synthetic seismograms of P and PP waves for seven
large Chinese continental earthquakes were calculated by using the WKBJ method. The PP-P residuals, which reflect the P wave
structure of the midpoints of the seismic rays, were calculated by using the WKBJ method, The results show that: the uppermantle
wave structure beneath Russian platform in the middle Asia area, the Seytho-Turanian and the west Siberian platform is similar
to that of Canadian shield; the uppermantle P wave velocity in the fold system of west China, the center Asia fold system
in Russia, and Kazak fold system is lower than that of Canadian sheild. It seems that the velocity structure is related to
the tectonic structure.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 479–484, 1992. 相似文献
8.
《地震学报(英文版)》1993,6(2):409-416
Making use of 75 earthquake data of China mainland and adjacent areas recorded by long period seismometers of 27 stations
of China and 3 stations of WWSSN and processed by match-filtering frequency-time analysis technique and grid dispersion inversion,
the authors obtain pure-path dispersion curves of Rayleigh surface wave in 147 grids in this paper.
The distribution characteristics of group velocity are as follows:the China mainland and its adjacent sea areas are divided
into two parts of east and west by South-North belt and are separated in blocks of south and north with boundaries of 44°–44°N,28°N
(in the west part) and 28°–32°N (in the east part), the first and third boundaries may extend eastward into sea regions, in
the west side of island arc and continental shelves, appears belt-form distribution of group velocity striping NE direction.
These distribution characteristics correspond to zonation of tectonic structure. In addition, the results also indicate that
the differences of group velocity dispersion curves exist between tectonic elements of next order. It is revealable for the
differences of group velocity among different tectonic elements until periodT = 113s (corresponding depth is about 170km).
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 32–38, 1993. 相似文献
9.
Based on wave equation a fundamental formula for plane wave propagaton is derived, the theoretical method of inverting wave
volocity structure of earth interior through the observational wave field is discussed in this paper. The observational wave
field can be decomposed into the surface plane wave field by using τ −p transform. The maximum amplitude curve in the plane wave field can show stably the change tendency of wave velocity with
depth in the Earth. This property can be used to restrict the solution space. By using the wave field continuation method
more useful information from the observational wave field can be extracted and the inverion solution not only can be obtained
simply and quickly, but also is stable and less influenced by the subjective factor. The wave field continuation is a fine
inversion method.
Theoretical analysis and numerical modelling are carried out in the study of wave field continuation. By applying homomorphic
decovolution the signal — to — noese ratio is improved.
Finaly a sonar refraction profile in the northern part of the South China Sea is interpreted and computed. It is found as
a result that there is a velocity interface from 1.76 km/s to 2.21 km/s at the depth of 1.4 km. The velocity gradients in
the upper and lower layers are 0.54 km · s−1/km and 0.63 km · s−1/km respectively. A discussion of the characteristics of shallow sea structure in the view of tectonic movements is geven.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13. 41–52, 1991. 相似文献
10.
《地震学报(英文版)》1993,6(3):619-629
In the present study the long period surface wave records of 238 wave-paths from 79 earthquakes within China and its adjacent
regions received by 30 seismic network stations are measured by using the improved match-filtering frequency-time analysis
technique and the grid dispersion inversion method to obtain the rayleigh pure-path dispersion values for 147 slant grids
of 4° × 4° in this area, then a three-dimensional shear wave velocity model of the crust and upper mantle beneath south China
area to a depth of 170 km is inversed.
It is found that there are obvious differences among the main structural units, and there are also certain differences among
the subordinate elements even in the individual unit. The crustal thickness of this area is ranging from 30 to 43 km, and
is getting thicker gradually from the east to the west. The average shear velocity of crust is ranging form 3.48 to 3.68 km/s
with the lowest in the northeast part and highest in the west part. No obvious crustal low velocity layer of large scale is
detected. There exist upper mantle low velocity zones in the most of south China area with the starting depth ranging from
75 to 106 km. The lowest shear velocity within the low velocity zones is about 4.28–4.38 km/s. Despite of the existing of
upper mantle low velocity zones beneath the most of south China area, the interfaces between the important layers are quite
clear, the variation of the bedding surfaces is very gentle, and the lateral changes measured in a larger scale of the underground
structure are rather small. It may indicate that the crustal and upper mantle structure of the main part of south China area
belongs to the relatively stable structure of the continental blocks except for the fringe areas such as the fold-faulted
region in the west part and the fault system along the southeastern coast which may belong to the tectonically active area.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 159–167, 1993.
This subject is supported by the National Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
11.
Mei-Xiang Bai Ke-Yuan Wang Jing-Yuan Liu Xiao-Dan Sun Wen-Zhuang Shen Aerkuat Nurmakambeitov A. Seidekov V. A. Jaibig A. A. Vlacova A. Toseimov 《地震学报(英文版)》1993,6(4):1041-1047
The Zaisang earthquake (M
s=7.3) on June 14, 1990 occurred in the boundary between China and Kazakstan. During the great shock, 3 persons lost their
lives, 30 people had been hurt and 340 houses collapsed. The intensity of the epicentre is VIII Degree. The economic losses
equals to about 320 000 000 Yuan. This large earthquake was occurred on a new born fault, it belongs to main shock-aftershock
type earthquake.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 360–365, 1993. 相似文献
12.
Tunnel effect of fractal fault and transient S-wave velocity rupture (TSVR) of in-plane shear fault 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔＳｗａｖｅｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｒｕｐｔｕｒｅ（ＴＳＶＲ）ｍｅａｎｓｔｈｅｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｖｏｆｆａｕｌｔｒｕｐｔｕｒｅｉｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＳｗａｖｅｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙβａｎｄＰｗａｖｅｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙα．Ｉｔｓｅ... 相似文献
13.
The influence of the four different methods of measuring Lg amplitude, and the selection of different geometrical attenuation
coefficient ζ-values (=5/6 or 1) on the determination ofγ value of Lg wave are discussed.γ=0.0034±0.0001km−1 (when ζ=5/6) for six eastern provinces is redetermined. The revised magnitude calibration function ofm
Lg (mxh),q
E (Δ)=(5/6)logΔ+0.00147Δ+1.81 is deduced.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 171–178, 1991.
Projects sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation. 相似文献
14.
The speedv, especially the problem whether super S-wave velocity in the classical model (linear elasticity fracture mechanics) exists,
of spontaneous propagation of a shear fault is investigated theoretically. An in-plane shear crack propagating in the crack
plane is taken as the model of the shear fault. The results obtained firstly by Kostrov (1975) is extended from sub-Rayleigh
wave velocity to super S-wave velocity, and the analytical expression for the stress intensity factorK
2 in the case ofα>v>β is derived. It is proved that for Poisson mediumK
2 is positive and real in the velocity range (β, 1.70β). This demonstrates that (β, 1.70β) is the velocity range which fulfils the conditions for spontaneous crack propagation. The existence, convergence and positiveness
or negativeness ofK
2 forv in individual sections are examined, and it is found that for an in-plane shear crack: 1. There are three sections forv, i.e., [0.v
R], (β, 1.70β), andα, respectively, and 2. There are two physically reasonable sections forv, the first is [v
R, β], and the second is [1.70β, α]. These two forbidden sections behave as barriers to fault propagation.
The analytical expressions derived in this paper are not only suitable to classical model, but also to the other derivative
models (e. g., the slip-weakening model and the renomalization model etc.). The model considered in this paper is more realistic
than the static model employed by previous authors.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica, 15, 9–14, 1993. 相似文献
15.
Zheng-Qin He 《地震学报(英文版)》1993,6(3):631-639
Based on the short period surface wave recorded by DSS of Project 85009, the Rayleigh wave dispersion of phase velocity is
determined with the periods from 0.3s to 1.07s in Lücan-Fanxian Profile in this paper. The profile is divided into 7 sections
by their dispersion characteristics, and the shallow velocity structure is inversed for each section. It shows that velocity
obviously increases at the bottom of Neogene in the eastern region of the profile; that not only does Rayleigh wave velocity
evidently decreases but also its waveform conspiciously changes across Neihuang fault, Changyuan fault and Liaolan fault respectively,
by which the corresponding surface positions of these faults can be exactly determined; and that not only is S wave velocity
between Changyuan fault and Liaolan fault smaller than that of its two sides, but also the buried depth of Neogene bottom
is obviously larger than that of the two sides.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 168–175, 1993.
This paper is funded by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation. 相似文献
16.
The pressure dependence of P- and S-wave velocities, velocity anisotropy, shear wave splitting and crack-porosity has been investigated in a number of samples from different crustal rock types for dry and wet (water saturated) conditions. At atmospheric pressure, P-wave velocities of the saturated, low-porosity rocks (< 1%) are significantly higher than in dry rocks, whereas the differences for S-wave velocities are less pronounced. The effect of intercrystalline fluids on seismic properties at increased pressure conditions is particularly reflected by the variation of the Poisson's ratio because P-wave velocities are more sensitive to fluids than S-wave velocities in the low-porosity rocks. Based on the experimental data, the respective crack-density parameter (), which is a measure of the number of flat cracks per volume unit contained within the background medium (crack-free matrix), has been calculated for dry and saturated conditions. There is a good correlation between the calculated crack-densities and crack-porosities derived from the experimentally determined volumetric strain curves. The shear wave velocity data, along with the shear wave polarisation referred to a orthogonal reference system, have been used to derive the spatial orientation of effective oriented cracks within a foliated biotite gneiss. The experimental data are in reasonable agreement with the self consistent model of O'Connell and Budiansky (1974). Taking the various lithologies into account, it is clear from the present study, that combined seismic measurements ofV
p
andV
s
, using theV
p
V
s
-ratio, may give evidence for fluids on grain boundaries and, in addition, may provide an estimate on the in-situ crack-densities. 相似文献
17.
Ａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔｓｉｌｋｗｏｒｍｓａｓｓｅｉｓｍｉｃａｎｉｍａｌａｎｏｍａｌｏｕｓｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ（ＳＡＡＢ）ａｎｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｍｏｄｅｌｏｆａｆａｕｌｔ：ａｔｈｅｏｒｙａｎｄｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔＭＯＴＯ... 相似文献
18.
Song-Yan Song Xue-Song Zhou Chun-Yong Wang Xian-Kang Zhang Jian-Li Song Yi Gong 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,10(1):15-25
On the basis of S wave information from Tai’an-Xinzhou DSS profile and with reference to the results from P-wave interpretation,
the 2-D structures, including S-wave velocity V
s, ratio γ between V
p and V
s; and Poisson’ s ratio σ, are calculated; the structural configuration of the profile is presented and the relevant inferences are drawn from the
above results. Upwarping mantle districts (V
s≈4.30 km/s) and sloping mantle districts (V
s≈4.50 km/s) of the profile with velocity difference about −4% at the top of upper mantle are divided according to the differences
of V
s, γ and σ in different media and structures, also with reference to the information of their neighbouring regions; the existence of
Niujiaqiao-Dongwang high-angle ultra-crustal fault zone is reaffirmed; the properties of low and high velocity blocks (zones)
including the crust-mantle transitionalzone and the boudary indicators of North China rift valley are discussed. A comprehensive
study is conducted on the relation of the interpretation results with earthquakes. It is concluded that the mantle upwarps,
thermal material upwells through the high-angle fault, the primary hypocenter was located at the crust-mantle juncture 30.0∼33.0
km deep, and additional stress excited the M
S=6.8 and M
S=7.2 earthquakes at specific locations around 9.0 km below Niujiaqiao-Dongwang, the earthquakes took place around the high-angle
ultra-crustal fault and centered in the brittle media and rock strata with low γ and low σ values.
This subject is part of the 85-907-02 key project during the “8th Five-Year Plan” from the State Science and Technology Commission. 相似文献
19.
According to geological tectonics and seismic activites this paper devided North China (30°–45°N, 105°–130°E) into four areas.
We analyzed the North China earthquake catalogue from 1970 to 1986 (from 1965 to 1986 for Huabei, the North China, plain region)
and identified forty-two bursts of aftershock. Seven of them occurred in aftershock regions of strong earthquakes and seventeen
of them in the seismic swarm regions. The relation between strong earthquakes with the remaining eighteen bursts of aftershocks
has been studied and tested statistically in this paper. The result of statistical testing show that the random probabilityp of coincidence of bursts of aftershock with subsequent strong earthquakes is less than six percent. By Xu’sR scoring method the efficacy of predicting strong earthquake from bursts of aftershock is estimated greater than 39 percent.
Following the method proposed in the paper we analyzed the earthquake catalogue of China from 1987 to June, 1988. The results
show that there was only one burst of aftershock occurred on Jan. 6, 1988 withM=3.6 in Xiuyan of Northeast China. It implicates that a potential earthquake withM
S⩽5 might occur in one year afterwards in the region of Northeast China. Actually on Feb. 25, 1988 an earthquake withM
S=5.3 occurred in Zhangwu of Northeast China. Another example is Datong-Yanggao shock on October 18, 1989 which is a burst
of aftershock. Three hours after an expected shock withM =6.1 took place in the same area. Two examples above have been tested in practical prediction and this shows that bursts
of aftershocks are significant in predicting strong earthquakes.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 273–280, 1991.
Part of earthquake catalogue is from Jinbiao Chen, Peiyan Chen and Quanlin Li. 相似文献
20.
W. G. Ernst 《Island Arc》1999,8(2):125-153
The Dabie-Sulu belt of east-central China, the Kokchetav Complex of northern Kazakhstan, the Maksyutov Complex of the South Urals, the Dora Maira Massif of the Western Alps, and the Western Gneiss Region of southwestern Norway lie astride intracontinental suture zones. All represent collisional mountain belts. Adjoining Eurasian regions exhibit little or no evidence of a coeval calc-alkaline arc. Each metamorphic complex contains mineralogic and textural relics of the presence or former existence of coesite ± diamond. Other ultrahigh-P, moderate-T metamorphic phases, including K-rich clinopyroxene, Mg-rich garnet, ellenbergerite, lawsonite, Al-rutile, glaucophane, high-Si phengite, and associations such as coesite + dolomite, magnesite + diopside, and talc + kyanite, diopside, jadeite, or phengite also testify to pressures approaching or exceeding 2.8 GPa. Each of the five well-studied Eurasian ultrahigh-pressure complexes consists chiefly of old, cool continental crust. Deep-seated recrystallization took place during the Phanerozoic. Subduction zones constitute the only known plate-tectonic environment where such high-P, low-T conditions exist. A model involving underflow of a salient of continental crust imbedded in oceanic crust-capped lithosphere explains the ultrahigh- pressure metamorphism. Partly exhumed ultrahigh-pressure terranes consist of relatively thin sheets 7 ± 5 km thick. During early stages of plate descent, hydration of relatively anhydrous units occurs, and volatiles are expelled from hydrous rocks. If present, aqueous fluids markedly catalyze reactions. Experimental studies on MORB bulk compositions demonstrate that, for common subduction-zone P–T trajectories, amphibole (the major hydrous phase in metabasaltic rocks) dehydrates at less than ~ 2.0 GPa; accordingly, mafic blueschists and amphibolites expel H2O at great depth and, except for some coarse-grained, dry metagabbros, tend to recrystallize to eclogite. Serpentinized mantle beneath the oceanic crust devolatilizes at comparable pressures. In contrast, phengite and biotite remain stable to pressures exceeding 3.5 GPa in associated quartzofeldspathic rocks. So, under ultrahigh-pressure conditions, the micaceous lithologies that dominate the continental crust fail to evolve significant H2O, and may transform incompletely to eclogitic assemblages. Although hydrous rocks expel volatiles during compaction and shallow burial, very deep underflow of partly hydrated oceanic crust + mantle generates most of the volatile flux along and above a subduction zone prior to continental collision. As large masses of sialic crust enter the convergent plate junction, fluid evolution at deep levels severely diminishes, and both convergence and dehydration terminate. After cessation of ultrahigh-pressure recrystallization, tectonic slices of sialic massifs return to shallow depths along the subduction channel, propelled by buoyancy; collisional sheets that retain ultrahigh-pressure effects lose heat efficiently across both upper (extensional, normal fault) and lower (subduction, reverse fault) tectonic contacts. These sheets ascend to midcrustal levels rapidly at average exhumation rates of 2–12 mm/year. Surviving ultrahigh-pressure relics occur as micro-inclusions encased in dense, strong, impermeable, unreactive mineralogic hosts, and are shielded during return towards conditions characteristic of midcrustal levels. Rehydration attending decompression is incomplete; its limited extent reflects the coarse grain size and relative impermeability of the rocks undergoing retrogression, as well as declining temperature and lack of aqueous fluids. 相似文献