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1.
《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,62(1-2):353-364
The sand dunes in coastal regions of South Korea are important ecosystems because of their small size, the rare species found in this habitat, and the beautiful landscapes they create. This study investigated the current vegetative status of sand dunes on three representative coasts of the Korean peninsula, and on the coasts of Cheju Island, and assessed the conditions caused by invasive plants. The relationships between the degree of invasion and 14 environmental variables were studied. Plots of sand dunes along line transects perpendicular to the coastal lines were established to estimate vegetative species coverage. TWINSPAN (Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis), CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis), and DCCA (Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis) were performed to classify communities on sand dunes and assess species composition variation. Carex kobomugi, Elymus mollis, and Vitex rotundifolia were found to be the dominant species plotted on the east, the west, and the peripheral coasts of Cheju Island, respectively. Vegetation on the south coast was totally extinct. The 19 communities, including representative C. kobomugi, C. kobomugi–Ixeris repens, C. kobomugi–Oenothera biennis, E. mollis, Lolium multiflorum–Calystegia soldanella, and V. rotundifolia–C. kobomugi, were all classified according to TWINSPAN. Oenothera biennis and L. multiflorum were exotics observed within these native communities. CCA showed that invasive native and exotic species distribution was segregated significantly, according to disturbance level, exotic species number, gravel, sand and silt contents, as well as vegetation size. It further revealed that human disturbance can strongly favor the settlement of invasive and exotic species. Restoration options to reduce exotic plants in the South Korean sand dune areas were found to be the introduction of native plant species from one sand dune into other sand dune areas, prohibition of building and the introduction of exotic soils, and conservation of surrounding sand dune areas. 相似文献
2.
Altogether three coastal dune fields, one located north and two south of the city of Essaouira, Atlantic Morocco, have been investigated to establish the distribution and overall sand volumes of various dune types. The purpose of the study was to characterize and classify the aeolian landforms of the coastal dune belt, to estimate their sand volumes and to assess the effectiveness of coastal dune stabilization measures. The northern dune field is 9 km long and lined by a wide artificial foredune complex fixed by vegetation, fences and branches forming a rectangular grid. Active and ephemeral aklé dunes border the inner backshore, while some intrusive dunes have crossed the foredune belt and are migrating farther inland. The total sand volume of the northern dune belt amounts 13,910,255 m3. The central coastal sector comprises a much smaller dune field located just south of the city. It is only 1.2 km long and, with the exception of intrusive dunes, shows all other dune types. The overall sand volume of the central dune field amounts to about 172,463 m3. The southern dune field is characterized by a narrower foredune belt and overall lower dunes that, in addition, become progressively smaller towards the south. In this sector, embryonic dunes (coppice, shadow dunes), tongue-like and tabular dunes, and sand sheets intrude from the beach, the profile of which has a stepped appearance controlled by irregular outcrops of old aeolianite and beach rock. The total volume of the southern dune field amounts 1,446,389 m3. For the whole study area, i.e. for all three dune fields combined, a sand volume of about 15,529,389 m3 has been estimated. The sand of the dune fields is derived from coastal erosion and especially the Tensift River, which enters the sea at Souira Qedima some 70 km north of Essaouira. After entering the sea, the sand is transported southwards by littoral drift driven by the mainly north-westerly swell climate and the Trade Winds blowing from the NNE. This sand feeds the beaches along the coast, from where it is blown obliquely onshore to generate the dune fields. The maximum sand input occurs in the north, from where it gradually decreases southwards, this being also reflected in the grain size and dune typologies. The study shows that dune stabilization measures have been reasonably effective along most of the coast, with the exception of a large area immediately north of Essaouira where the almost complete destruction of the plant cover has reactivated sand mobility—this may in the future threaten the city. 相似文献
3.
台湾海峡两岸高等植物区系研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
台湾海峡两岸高等植物有１１６种,其中东岸有９９种,西岸９２种,海峡两岸物种相似性为７８．５％。据海岸基质类型的不同,可分为砂生、盐生、基岩及海岸林和广生境４个生态类群。热带海岸植物木榄、海漆、露兜树等的分布北缘在厦门以南,台湾海峡两岸植物与日本、印度较相似;各种热带。亚热带成分占优势,温带成分较少,分别占总属娄物８９．９％和１０．１％;台湾海峡两岸植物区系中,热带及亚热带成分从南到北呈递减趋势。 相似文献
4.
This paper gives some theoretical concepts of dune management as well as practical examples of how actual measures should be carried out.Dune management is defined as all measures aimed at the preservation and restoration of the natural values of a coastal sand dune area. It is essential that beach and foreshore are seen as parts of a whole dune system. Management must take into account all processes within this system. It should aim at nature conservation and wise use of coastal resources and all forms of land use should be ecologically sustainable. Dune management should work as much as possible ‘with’ the natural processes and not ‘against’ them.Four types of Mediterranean dune systems (including Portugal and SW Spain) are distinguished:: mainland dunes, lagoon-bay barrier dunes, delta dunes and remnant dunes.Like in most parts of the world, Mediterranean dunes fulfill several functions at the same time. The following functions will be dealt with: nature management, coastal defence and erosion, dune stabilisation and afforestation, agriculture, tourism and urbanisation, recreation, golf, information and education. The concepts of management which are considered include: sustainable use, large and coherent units, compensation, management planning, environmental impact assessment and function analysis.Dune stabilisation is not always considered necessary. In case of stabilisation by planting, only indigenous species should be used, preferably pioneers and not trees. Planting of exotic species should be avoided. 相似文献
5.
Identifying storm impacts on an embayed, high-energy coastline: examples from western Ireland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. A. G. Cooper D. W. T. Jackson F. Navas J. McKenna G. Malvarez 《Marine Geology》2004,210(1-4):261-280
Large sections of the western Irish coast are characterised by a highly compartmentalised series of headland-embayment cells in which sand and gravel beaches are backed by large vegetated dune systems. Exposure to modally high-energy swell renders most of these beaches dissipative in character. A mesotidal range (c. 3.5–4.5 m) exists along much of the coast. Analysis of instrumental wind records from three locations permitted the identification of a variety of storm types and the construction of storm catalogues. Few individual storms were recorded at all three stations indicating a lack of regional consistency in storm record. Of the total storms recorded, only a small percentage are potentially damaging (onshore directed) and even fewer span a high tide and thus potentially induce a measurable morphological response at the coast.
Through a combination of historical records, meteorological records, field observations and wave modelling we attempt to assess the impact of storms. Quantifiable records of coastal morphology (maps, air photos and beach profiles) are few in number and do not generally record responses that may be definitely attributed to specific storms. Numerical wave simulations and observations at a variety of sites on the west Irish coast, however, provide insights into instantaneous and medium term (decadal) storm responses in such systems.
We argue that beaches and dunes that are attuned to modally high-energy regimes require extreme storms to cause significant morphological impact. The varying orientation of beaches, a spatially nonuniform storm catalogue and the need for a storm to occur at high water to produce measurable change, impart site-specific storm susceptibility to these embayments. Furthermore, we argue that long-period wave energy attenuation across dissipative shorefaces and beaches reduces coastal response to distant storms whereas short-period, locally generated wind waves are more likely to cause major dune and beach erosion as they arrive at the shoreline unrefracted.
This apparently variable response of beach and dune systems to storm forcing at a decadal scale over a coastline length of 200 km urges caution in generalising regarding regional-scale coastal responses to climatic change. 相似文献
6.
河北昌黎典型海岸沙丘的沉积构造及其发育模式 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用探地雷达探测了昌黎海岸沙丘区典型横向沙脊和新月形沙丘的沉积构造,据此初步揭示了研究区海岸沙丘的沉积序列特征和发育过程。结果表明,昌黎海岸带在2 000 a BP波浪作用下发育滨岸沙坝,沙坝主要以向海向陆缓倾斜的沉积构造为主,现今的风成沉积发育于滨海相沙坝之上。海岸带向海一侧经历了潮上带前丘到横向沙脊的过程,横向沙脊在东北风的作用下主要发育向陆倾斜的高角度交错层理,同时由于向岸合成风力的阶段性变化,这些层理的倾角略有差异,记录了海岸带风沙活动的周期性变化;内侧新月形沙丘由4组倾角不同的层理组成,被较大规模的二级界面分隔,复合新月形沙丘(链)经历了由盾状沙堆到典型新月形沙丘的加积发育并遭受风蚀的过程。 相似文献
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8.
The process of upwelling/sinking and associated sea level variations are seen as a response of coastal ocean to pure wind stress forcing. Further,precipitation and monsoonal floods, apart from the marine meteorological parameters, are expected to influence the sea level fluctuations along the coast. This study comprises determining the sea level from the various parameters together with the pure wind stress forcing, which is compared with the observed cycle. However, it is found that there is considerable difference between the computations and observations. This suggests that the sea level is dependent not just on the local forcing alone, but also on the induced background circulation as well. For example, the sea level changes along the east coast of India, particularly the northern region, are more sensitive to freshwater discharge from various rivers joining the Bay of Bengal. This is due to more frequently occurring pre- and postmonsoon cyclonic storms and the associated surges in the Bay of Bengal as compared to the Arabian Sea. Hence the salinity effects are particularly important in the coastal waters off the east coast of India during monsoon months (June-September). For the west coast of India, however, it is expected that the large-scale coastal circulation may play a role in determining sea level changes in addition to other forcings. The salinity effects are negligible along the west coast in the absence of any major river systems that join the Arabian Sea. The local advection currents caused by the offshore directed freshwater discharge from various estuaries joining the coastal bay also seemed to influence the sea level. In order to elucidate the essential dynamics involved and to study the effect of the remote forcing, a three-dimensional baroclinic, nonlinear numerical model is used with appropriate open boundary conditions. The local effect of the current has been incorporated in the west coast model by means of opening a channel at Cochin through which the rainwater is carried away to the model ocean. The low saline plume, cascading from north along the east cost of India, has been incorporated in the east coast model through a proper forcing applied at the northern boundary of the model. With the inclusion of these remote forcings in the models, the disagreement between the simulations and the observations is minimized. 相似文献
9.
The process of upwelling/sinking and associated sea level variations are seen as a response of coastal ocean to pure wind stress forcing. Further,precipitation and monsoonal floods, apart from the marine meteorological parameters, are expected to influence the sea level fluctuations along the coast. This study comprises determining the sea level from the various parameters together with the pure wind stress forcing, which is compared with the observed cycle. However, it is found that there is considerable difference between the computations and observations. This suggests that the sea level is dependent not just on the local forcing alone, but also on the induced background circulation as well. For example, the sea level changes along the east coast of India, particularly the northern region, are more sensitive to freshwater discharge from various rivers joining the Bay of Bengal. This is due to more frequently occurring pre- and postmonsoon cyclonic storms and the associated surges in the Bay of Bengal as compared to the Arabian Sea. Hence the salinity effects are particularly important in the coastal waters off the east coast of India during monsoon months (June-September). For the west coast of India, however, it is expected that the large-scale coastal circulation may play a role in determining sea level changes in addition to other forcings. The salinity effects are negligible along the west coast in the absence of any major river systems that join the Arabian Sea. The local advection currents caused by the offshore directed freshwater discharge from various estuaries joining the coastal bay also seemed to influence the sea level. In order to elucidate the essential dynamics involved and to study the effect of the remote forcing, a three-dimensional baroclinic, nonlinear numerical model is used with appropriate open boundary conditions. The local effect of the current has been incorporated in the west coast model by means of opening a channel at Cochin through which the rainwater is carried away to the model ocean. The low saline plume, cascading from north along the east cost of India, has been incorporated in the east coast model through a proper forcing applied at the northern boundary of the model. With the inclusion of these remote forcings in the models, the disagreement between the simulations and the observations is minimized. 相似文献
10.
岬湾相间的琼州海峡南岸在海岸动力条件作用下,岸滩发生侵蚀或堆积,特别是南岸中部的南渡江三角洲沿岸岸滩演变剧烈。该文从海岸动力地貌的角度,对琼州海峡南岸的海岸动力特征、泥沙运动以及岸滩演变进行分析。根据海峡南部三维潮流场数值模拟结果,结合经验公式初步分析潮流引起的泥沙运移速率和方向,得到岸外水域总的泥沙运移趋势为从西向东。根据波浪动力计算分析沿岸泥沙运移,探讨沙质岸滩的动态与地貌演变之间的关系,得出海峡南岸海岸地貌演变与盛行的NE和NNE向风浪有密切关系,岸滩的演变过程主要受制于这两个方向的风浪及其引起的泥沙沿岸运移。 相似文献
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12.
Abstract. The benthic flora of the limestone (20%) and sand (80%) substrates typical of intermediate depths on the west coast of Florida was sampled using quadrats over a three year period. Twenty seven taxa of macroscopic algae and one seagrass, Halophila decipiens , were collected. No plants were found during February of two consecutive years. The biomass and available energy ranged from 0 (winter) to 12.4g dry weight and 128 kJ (summer) per 25cm: on the limestone outcroppings and from 0 to 4.4g dry weight and 43 kJ for the sand substrate. The flora was seasonal with no dominant macroscopic algae occurring throughout the year. The flora of the intermediate depths is subjected to abiotic disturbances and is rudcral in nature. Thus, secondary production in the extensive intermediate depths along the west coast of Florida must depend more on the inshore, shallow water seagrass communities for primary production. 相似文献
13.
厦门岛东南部海岸演变与泥沙输移 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
通过海岸地貌调查、沉积物分布、岸线对比、沿岸输沙率计算等手段，分析研究了厦门岛东南部海岸海滩的演变特征，认为厦门岛东南部海岸的沿岸净输沙方向是由东北向西南，由东向西；黄厝湾中北部存在反向输沙。文中划分了中－强侵蚀海岸、中侵蚀海岸、中－弱侵蚀海岸、弱侵蚀海岸、弱淤积海岸和不确定海岸等6种类型。人工采沙是引起海岸侵蚀的最重要因素之一。 相似文献
14.
Coastal dunes located in densely populated areas provide various services to man, such as protection against flooding during storm surges. Since coastal dunes are dynamic features, the level of protection they provide varies in time. Therefore, management interventions are often undertaken to stabilize the dunes to reduce the natural variability. This study provides quantitative insight into the morphologic variability of managed foredunes over time spans of decades. We used Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis on a 45 year data set of annually surveyed dune profiles along 97 km of the Netherlands' coast. On average, 70% of the deviations from the time-averaged profiles could be related to cross-shore coherent changes in foredune shape as mapped onto EOF 1. These changes are often largely due to morphologic developments occurring near the dunefoot. Changes in dune shape were coherent over time as well as in the longshore direction albeit with different characteristic patterns along the coast. These results show that managed foredunes may still exhibit considerable morphologic variability that should not be ignored in long-term dune safety assessment studies. 相似文献
15.
海草床是海岸带最富生产力的生态系统之一,支撑着各种各样的伴生生物。热带的印度和太平洋地区被认为拥有海草植物种类多样性最高,且分布面积最广,然而,这个区域的海草床大型底栖生物我们知之甚少。为了填补认知的空白,我们在该区域开展了一项生态调查,旨在描述该区热带海草床大型底栖生物的丰度和多样性,以及确定大型底栖生物丰度、物种丰富度和群落结构是否明显存在断面内的站间变化和样地间变化。2014年5月和2015年10月我们分别在北苏拉威西省东海岸和西海岸开展野外工作,使用柱状取样器采集海草床大型底栖生物样品。所得样品共计鉴定14大类149种底栖生物,种类最为丰富的类别为多毛类（56种,占26%的总个体数）,十足类（20种,占9%的总个体数）和端足类（18种,占35%的总个体数）。东、西海岸海草床大型底栖生物表现出不同的空间分布模式。在东海岸,同一断面的大型底栖生物和端足类的丰度存在显著的站间差异;而在西海岸,大型底栖生物和多毛类的种类丰富度和丰度都表现出明显的站间变化,这可能归结于同一断面底质不均所造成。单因素ANOSIM以及MDS排序表明了北苏拉威西省东海岸和西海岸海草床大型底栖生物群落结构存在显著不同,正好对应于将海草床分成两大类型的栖息地,即西海岸的红树林-海草床-珊瑚连续体和东海岸的海草床-珊瑚连续体。与在热带海区开展的其他研究相比,本研究的大型底栖生物丰度和多样性处于中等水平。东、西海岸海草床大型底栖生物群落存在显著区别,其原因可能源于多方面,包括了沉积物模式,海草床结构和时间变化。 相似文献
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17.
近2000年来福建南部海岸沙丘记录的风沙活动序列 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对福建南部漳浦地区赤湖海岸沙丘(CH)和大澳海岸沙丘(CDS)近2 000年以来海岸风沙活动历史及其东亚冬季风(EAWM)的关系进行研究。在野外沙丘剖面沉积构造考察基础上, 通过光释光(OSL)测年技术重建研究区海岸风沙活动序列。结果表明: (1)漳浦海岸有近2 000年来发育的多期海岸风沙沉积, 其中, CH沙丘记录的风沙活动期分别为BC100–AD300年、AD500–AD870年、AD1050–AD1380年; CDS沙丘记录了AD200年左右、AD1040–AD1280年以及AD1410–AD1710年3个风沙活动期。(2)研究区海岸风沙活动期与我国东部海岸、东北亚及西北欧海岸风沙活动期大体一致。可能反映了近2 000年以来北半球气候环境发生了大范围的阶段性变化, 各个区域海岸风沙活动起止时间的不同, 反映了各地所处大气环流系统位置的分异或是地方性因素的差异。(3)东亚冬季风对福建南部沿海的风沙活动有明显影响。一般来讲, EAWM强盛时, 海岸风沙沉积比较活跃。虽然在最近2000年的冷暖期都有海岸风沙沉积, 但在暖期仅限于EAWM相对强盛的时期。EAWM影响范围广阔, 是东亚海岸风沙活动周期具有准同时性的基本驱动因素。此外, 北大西洋涛动(NAO)通过影响EAWM的强度驱动海岸风沙活动的阶段性发生, 因而对研究区海岸沙丘发育产生间接影响。本文讨论近2 000年以来季风区海岸沙丘演变序列及驱动机制, 可提取百年尺度上的海岸沉积古环境信息, 探讨东亚冬季风演化特征。 相似文献
18.
《Oceanologica Acta》1998,21(2):243-261
The Medoc Peninsula is a triangular area of land between the Atlantic Ocean on the west and the Gironde estuary on the east. The Gironde, orientated SE-NW, is the largest estuary in France. On the Medoc Peninsula Holocene sediments cover a substratum of Tertiary limestones and Plio-Pleistocene fluvial terraces. The Gironde originated as an incised valley during the Weichselian glacio-eustatic fall (100 000–18 000 B.P.) and has acted as a sink for fine sediment throughout the Holocene sea level rise (SLR) (18 000 B.P. onwards). Conversely, the Atlantic littoral zone, characterised by sandy beaches and dunes, has been subjected to erosion throughout the Holocene transgression.The incised valley of the present Gironde was inundated by the sea approximately 10 000 B.P. At this time, the rate of SLR exceeded that of sediment supply, producing a large accommodation space in which transgressive tidal-estuarine muds and sands were deposited. As the rate of SLR decreased around 6000-4000 B.P., sedimentation became more pronounced and the available accommodation space began to decrease significantly. Landward-derived fluvial sediments began to prograde over the tidal muds and sands, and a first generation of salt marshes formed in the lateral valleys. Around 2575-1420 B.P., a sandy chenier ridge formed at the edge of a first generation of salt marshes and wholly or partly separated them from the Gironde. On the eastern side of the ridge a second generation of marshes began to form after 1200 B.P. Reclamation of the first and second generations of marshes occurred during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, respectively. On the estuarine side of the eighteenth century dyke the modern intertidal flats and salt marshes began to form after the eighteenth century. Sedimentation within the estuary decreased the accommodation space and led to the increased transport of sediment to the shelf after 2 000 B.P. This process was also aided by climatic and anthropogenic factors. Future evolution of the Gironde estuary is likely to consist of further marsh growth and chenier development. However, future increases in the rate of SLR, and the degree of storminess, may cause a shift to an erosional regime in parts of the lower estuary.According to previous work [25, 66], three different dune fields migrated landwards across the Atlantic littoral zone over the Holocene period. A field of isolated barchan dunes moved landwards over the Plio-Pleistocene fluvial terraces before 5100 B.P. From some time after this, until around 3000 B.P., a field of parabolic dunes was active. Finally, a barchan dune field was active from around 3000-2000 B.P. to the end of the eighteenth century/beginning of the nineteenth century, when the dunes were stabilised by pine plantations. It is tentatively suggested, using these dates and dune morphology, that dune formation was controlled by sand supply governed by the rate of SLR. However, the role of climatic changes such as aridity, storminess, windiness and the associated effects of vegetation cover, is also likely to be important. In the future the Atlantic coast is likely to continue to erode, although the extensive plantation of the aeolian dunes with pine forests is likely to prevent large-scale transgressive activity. 相似文献
19.
新石器时代是包括一万年至四千年左右的人类社会发展过程。本文就胶东半島目前发现的新石器时代遗址,试图探讨半岛海岸变迁及共成因问题。 相似文献
20.
Chunjian Sun Xidong Wang Anmin Zhang Lianxin Zhang Caixia Shao Guosong Wang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(5):27-40
The statistical characteristics and mechanisms of mesoscale eddies in the North Indian Ocean are investigated by adopting multi-sensor satellite data from 1993 to 2019. In the Arabian Sea(AS), seasonal variation of eddy characteristics is remarkable, while the intraseasonal variability caused by planetary waves is crucial in the Bay of Bengal(BOB). Seasonal variation of the eddy kinetic energy(EKE) is distinct along the west boundary of AS,especially in the Somali Current region. In the BOB, lar... 相似文献