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翡翠的矿物组成特征及其质量 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过翡翠的矿物组成研究 ,其主要由辉石族的矿物 (硬玉、绿辉石、霓石、钠铬辉石 )组成 ,还有少量的闪石族矿物、长石族矿物以及绿泥石和铬铁矿、褐铁矿、赤铁矿等组成 ,他们的含量变化直接影响着翡翠的种类。在矿物组成中 ,硬玉呈不同的绿色 ,这些颜色的多少与分布特征直接影响着翡翠的颜色特征和档次。绿辉石、钠铬辉石含量少 ,在翡翠中呈黑绿色 ,它们的存在使翡翠的档次降低。闪石族矿物主要是蓝色的钠铝质闪石 ,翡翠中的飘“蓝花”就是由于它们造成的。长石族矿物主要是钠长石 ,颗粒细小 ,在翡翠中其含量 1.0 %～ 8.0 %。翡翠中主要的矿物形态以粒状为主 ,矿物的颗粒越细 ,翡翠的透明度、质地也越好。建议将翡翠定义为 :“在地质作用过程中主要由钠质或钠钙质辉石组成的达到玉级的集合体。” 相似文献
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翡翠的质量主要取决于它的颜色和结构,就颜色而言,主要取决于其中的矿物组成和化学成分。翡翠主要由辉石族矿物、闪石族矿物、长石族矿物等组成。其中辉石族的矿物如硬玉、霓石、钠铬辉石、钙铁辉石,它们的存在和数量的多少及化学成分的变化对翡翠的质量影响很大。另外,闪石族矿物使悲翠的颜色偏暗,部分飘蓝花,直接影响翡翠的质量。 相似文献
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本文报道了藏北羌塘中部才多茶卡地区晚三叠世蓝闪石片岩及蓝闪石矿物的新发现及地质意义。通过对才多茶卡构造混杂岩地质剖面的实测,在剖面第6层灰绿色变基性火山岩(绿片岩)中新发现以产蓝闪石类矿物为特征的中—高压变质岩系——蓝闪石片岩。对蓝闪石片岩的岩石学和矿物学特征进行了详细室内研究。从蓝闪石片岩中挑选出蓝闪石单矿物进行了40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄测定,结果表明,蓝闪石单矿物的坪年龄值为209±4Ma,等时线年龄值为216±4Ma,坪年龄与等时线年龄基本一致,属于晚三叠世诺利期,这与区域上羌塘中部发育的红脊山—双湖蓝闪石片岩的中—高压变质事件相吻合。由于蓝闪石类矿物的产出具有特殊的构造机制和地质意义,因此双湖以东的才多茶卡地区蓝闪石片岩的新发现及蓝闪石矿物的40Ar/39Ar同位素年代学研究进一步补充和丰富了青藏高原腹地羌塘中部龙木错-双湖构造混杂岩带的物质组成和同位素年代学信息,同时也为解决羌塘地区"龙木错-双湖构造混杂岩带是否向东延伸"等重大基础性地质问题,提供了新的重要资料。研究资料表明,羌塘中部自西向东从冈玛错、红脊山、绒马,经嘎尔错到才多茶卡地区,沿构造线方向断续分布的长达600km的含蓝闪石片岩的中—高压变质岩系,都是龙木错-双湖构造混杂岩带印支期构造活动事件的产物。 相似文献
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钛闪石的高压结构及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用同步辐射EDXD方法和DAc高压技术对采于新疆天山碱性玄武岩地幔捕虏体中的钛闪石进行了原位高压(达25．4GPa)结构研究：在室温下，随着压力的增加，钛闪石的轴长a、b、c被逐渐压缩；当压力为18、9GPa时，钛闪石可能由于“脱水”而导致结构发生相变，此相变应属于可逆的二级相变。结合钛闪石的地质产状，我们认为，钛闪石在上地幔一定深度范围内可以保持稳定，是上地幔中重要的含水矿物相之一，其被携带到地表是一个非常快速的过程，本文的结果对某些含钛矿物的高压行为研究提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
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白云鄂博铁铌稀土矿床位于内蒙古自治区中部白云鄂博区,由主矿、东矿和西矿3个矿段构成一条长18km、宽2～3km的狭长矿带。矿区内白云岩和碳酸岩发育。矿区东南部分布着大面积的海西期中粗粒黑云母花岗岩.该矿床的一个重要特征是氟、钠和钾的交代作用发育,形成一系列具矿化指示意义的碱性硅酸盐矿物:碱性角闪石（钠闪石、钠铁闪石、镁钠闪石和镁钠铁闪石）、霓辉石、金云母、黑云母及碱性长石.本文通过对硅酸盐矿物的成因矿物学的研究。得出如下结论。 （1）矿区碱性角闪石既有沉积成因,也有碱性岩浆成因。根据成分把碱性角闪石分为5类,与矿化相关的是Ⅰ类碱性岩浆热液成因的钠闪石和钠铁闪石（M值小,为0.0008～0.111）及与沉积作用有关的热液蚀变产生的Ⅲ类镁钠闪石和镁钠铁闪石,后者与铁矿化关系尤其密切。 （2）本区金云母的特殊反多色性可能指示本区交代作用的流体与幔源有关;碱性长石的高含镁量以及本区富镁的白云岩地层发育说明产生碱交代的流体具外生热液性质。所以与矿化密切相关的碱交代的流体为内生热液和外生热液的混合体。 相似文献
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依兰地区黑龙江增生杂岩碱性玄武质火山碎屑岩中钠质闪石特征及成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
佳木斯地块西侧依兰地区出露一套洋岛型碱性玄武质火山碎屑岩,它由岩屑和细粒火山碎屑物组成.火山碎屑岩在佳木斯地块与松嫩地块之间的古洋盆闭合过程中,发生了低温高压变质作用,在岩石中形成了大量钠质闪石.其中岩屑中的钠质闪石不定向均匀分布,普遍具有环带结构,核部为青铝闪石,边部为蓝闪石;细粒火山碎屑物中的钠质闪石定向分布,均为青铝闪石.这些钠质闪石形成的温压条件相似,形成温度在300～350℃之间,形成压力在0.7 GPa左右.根据岩屑和细粒火山碎屑物的矿物成分、钠质闪石的结构构造特征以及火山碎屑岩的变形特征,推测这类岩石在低温高压变质作用过程中钠质闪石形成的首要条件是有足够的钠质来源;在有足够钠质来源的前提下,形成钠质闪石的种类与体系的氧逸度有着直接关系,低氧逸度条件下形成蓝闪石,高氧逸度条件下形成青铝闪石.这些钠质闪石的形成与佳木斯地块、松嫩地块的拼合碰撞以及之后岩石的变形方式有关. 相似文献
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黄羊山碱性杂岩体位于桐柏-大别山南缘,其SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(439±6) Ma.该杂岩体由石英正长岩和碱性花岗岩组成,其中以石英正长岩为主体,从中心到边缘粒度变化由粗到细.利用电子探针对该杂岩体中的特征暗色矿物的分析结果表明,角闪石和辉石的成分变化较小,角闪石显示出从铁钠透闪石到钠铁闪石的成分演化趋势,辉石主要为霓石,另外岩体中大量出现三斜闪石.根据矿物间的相互接触关系、环带结构、矿物组合的相平衡关系等识别了原生的岩浆矿物组合和次生的岩浆期-岩浆期后矿物组合,建立了矿物结晶顺序,重建了过碱性岩浆或流体的成分、温度、氧逸度的演化历史.从矿物组合的相平衡关系角度表明,黄羊山碱性杂岩体为大陆裂谷环境的产物. 相似文献
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R. J. CUMBEST 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1991,9(5):535-538
Abstract Evaluation of two commonly used microstructural criteria for determining the origin of inclusions, namely the existence of a host–inclusion orientation relationship and continuity between inclusions and matrix, using two specific examples of inclusions of tschermakite in actinolitic hornblende, shows that these criteria can be difficult to implement and if not applied carefully will give contradictory results. Consequently, it may be difficult to establish the origins of inclusions; petrographic studies should therefore clearly state the criteria used for interpretation of host–inclusion relationships and how these criteria were implemented. 相似文献
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Coexisting amphiboles in an eclogite from the Western Alps: new constraints on the miscibility gap between sodic and calcic amphiboles 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract Crystal-chemical relationships between coexisting sodic and calcic amphiboles have been studied in eclogitic metagabbros from the Aosta Valley, Western Alps. Textural analysis gives evidence of three successive high-pressure parageneses:
1. Pre-kinematic high-grade blueschist assemblages, preserved as polymineralic inclusions in garnet cores and made of glaucophane and actinolite (stage A).
2. Synkinematic eclogite assemblages, composed of garnet + omphacite + glaucophane ± actinolite ± white mica ° Clinozoisite + quartz + rutile (stage B).
3. Post-kinematic epitactic overgrowths of barroisitic amphibole on glaucophane and actinolite (stage C).
P–T conditions of the eclogitic metamorphism have been estimated at around 500–550°C, 16 kbar.
Glaucophane and actinolite coexist as discrete grains in stage A and B assemblages. This texture and the chemistry of the amphiboles unambiguously denotes the existence of a miscibility gap between sodic and calcic amphiboles (from NaM4 = 0.80 in actinolite to NaM4 = 1.70 in glaucophane at T = 500–550°C). A comparison with published analyses allows a new solvus along the glaucophane–actinolite join to be drawn.
The later barroisitic amphibole (stage C) exhibits strong chemical zonation indicating disequilibrium growth. This amphibole cannot either be used to define a miscibility gap with glaucophane or actinolite or be considered as an intermediate stage between these two end-members. 相似文献
1. Pre-kinematic high-grade blueschist assemblages, preserved as polymineralic inclusions in garnet cores and made of glaucophane and actinolite (stage A).
2. Synkinematic eclogite assemblages, composed of garnet + omphacite + glaucophane ± actinolite ± white mica ° Clinozoisite + quartz + rutile (stage B).
3. Post-kinematic epitactic overgrowths of barroisitic amphibole on glaucophane and actinolite (stage C).
P–T conditions of the eclogitic metamorphism have been estimated at around 500–550°C, 16 kbar.
Glaucophane and actinolite coexist as discrete grains in stage A and B assemblages. This texture and the chemistry of the amphiboles unambiguously denotes the existence of a miscibility gap between sodic and calcic amphiboles (from Na
The later barroisitic amphibole (stage C) exhibits strong chemical zonation indicating disequilibrium growth. This amphibole cannot either be used to define a miscibility gap with glaucophane or actinolite or be considered as an intermediate stage between these two end-members. 相似文献
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J. DALE R. POWELL R. W. WHITE F. L. ELMER T. J. B. HOLLAND 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2005,23(8):771-791
A calibration is presented for an activity–composition model for amphiboles in the system Na2O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–O (NCFMASHO), formulated in terms of an independent set of six end‐members: tremolite, tschermakite, pargasite, glaucophane, ferroactinolite and ferritschermakite. The model uses mixing‐on‐sites for the ideal‐mixing activities, and for the activity coefficients, a macroscopic multicomponent van Laar model. This formulation involves 15 pairwise interaction energies and six asymmetry parameters. Calibration of the model is based on the geometrical constraints imposed by the size and shape of amphibole solvi inherent in a data set of 71 coexisting amphibole pairs from rocks, formed over 400–600 °C and 2–18 kbar. The model parameters are calibrated by combining these geometric constraints with qualitative consideration of parameter relationships, given that the data are insufficient to allow all the model parameters to be determined from a regression of the data. Use of coexisting amphiboles means that amphibole activity–composition relationships are calibrated independently of the thermodynamic properties of the end‐members. For practical applications, in geothermobarometry and the calculation of phase diagrams, the amphibole activity–composition relationships are placed in the context of the stability of other minerals by evaluating the properties of the end‐members in the independent set that are in internally consistent data sets. This has been performed using an extended natural data set for hornblende–garnet–plagioclase–quartz, giving the small adjustments necessary to the enthalpies of formation of tschermakite, pargasite and glaucophane for working with the Holland and Powell data set. 相似文献
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本文论述了长乐—南澳变质带中,各岩相带的角闪石。通过穆斯堡尔谱探讨了角闪石的阳离子占位,测定了氧同位素的分馏特征和温度,以及Al、Fe~(2+)、Mg,Mn、Ti量的变化规律,共生矿物对的平衡条件的系统研究,获得了不同相带的特征数值。据此,将该变质带划分成三个岩相带:C带——高温带,600—900℃;M带——中温带,450—550℃;Ⅰ带——低温带,170—300℃,压力4—6k bar。 相似文献
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勐库地区新近发现的退变质榴辉岩中晚期退变质作用形成的闪石类矿物十分丰富,其携带了大量晚期退变质过程中的岩石成因信息。本文通过系统的矿物学研究,鉴定出了3期10种闪石类矿物,其中以镁钙闪石、镁角闪石、铁镁钙闪石、铁韭闪石、透闪石、阳起石等钙质闪石类为主,有少量冻蓝闪石、蓝透闪石等钠-钙闪石类。研究发现,随着退变质过程中时间的推移,角闪石的形成环境逐渐由还原环境向弱氧化环境、氧化环境演变。根据角闪石电子探针成分测试结果计算了相应的温度、压力条件。结合岩相学的资料,将退变质过程分为3期:(1)第1期早阶段为近等温降压过程(p=0.56~0.75 GPa,t=642~709℃),主要形成铁韭闪石、铁镁钙闪石、镁钙闪石;晚阶段为等温降压过程(p=0.39~0.56 GPa,t=619~642℃),主要形成镁钙闪石及少量镁绿钙闪石、铁韭闪石;(2)第2期为降温降压过程(p=0.23~0.42 GPa,t=460~610℃),主要形成镁角闪石、冻蓝闪石及铁角闪石;(3)第3期为近等温降压过程(p=0.09~0.31 GPa,t=350~420℃),主要形成透闪石、阳起石、蓝透闪石等。闪石类的成分变化反映了退变质榴辉岩从地壳底部的角闪石榴辉岩-高压麻粒岩相温压环境向中上地壳角闪岩相、绿片岩相温压环境的渐次退变质作用过程。这与昌宁-孟连构造带上印支期的碰撞造山作用、燕山期的区域性地壳伸展、喜马拉雅期的陆内造山运动具有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
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Gianluca Iezzi Zhenxian Liu Giancarlo Della Ventura 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2009,36(6):343-354
The high-pressure behavior of three synthetic amphiboles crystallized with space group P21/m at room conditions in the system Li2O–Na2O–MgO–SiO2–H2O has been studied by in situ synchrotron infrared absorption spectroscopy. The amphiboles have compositions ANa B(Na
x
Li1 − x
Mg1) CMg5 Si8 O22(OH)2 with x = 0.6, 0.2 and 0.0, respectively. The high-P experiments up to 32 GPa were carried out on the U2A beamline at Brookhaven National Laboratory (NY, USA) using a diamond
anvil cell under non-hydrostatic or quasi-hydrostatic conditions. The two most intense absorption bands in the OH-stretching
infrared spectra can be assigned to two non-equivalent O–H dipoles in the P21/m structure, bonded to the same local environment M1M3Mg3–OH–ANa, and pointing toward two differently kinked tetrahedral rings. In all samples these bands progressively merge to give a
unique symmetrical absorption with increasing pressure, suggesting a change in symmetry from P21/m to C2/m. The pressure at which the transition occurs appears to be linearly correlated to the aggregate B-site dimension. The infrared
spectra collected for amphibole B(Na0.2Li0.8Mg1) in the frequency range 50 to 1,400 cm−1 also show a series of changes with increasing pressure. The data reported here support the inference of Iezzi et al. (Am
Miner 91:479–482, 2006a) regarding a new high-pressure amphibole polymorph. 相似文献
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新近在我国山西省娄烦县尖山铁矿的角闪片岩中发现一种取向连生的镁铁质闪石与钙质闪石共存对。电子探针分析确定它们分别为铁闪石Ｋ０．００１（Ｎａ０．０２７Ｃａ０．０７３Ｍｎ０．０３１Ｆｅ＾２＋１．８０１）１．９３２（Ｆｅ＾２＋２．９４８Ｍｇ１．９６４Ｔｉ０．００２Ａｌ０．０８７）５Ｓｉ８．０６９Ｏ２２．１０（ＯＨ）２与铁韭闪石（Ｋ０．１３５Ｎａ０．４６１）０．５９６（Ｎａ０．０８８Ｃａ１．８５３Ｍｎ０． 相似文献
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Chemial analyses of twelve amphiboles from the area around Terakanambi are presented. Results indicate that they are ferro-hornblende
and ferro-pargasitic hornblende types in banded iron formations; magnesio hornblende in ultramafic rocks and edenite; and
ferroan pargasite and ferroan pargasitic hornblende types in calcamphibolites. Titanium content in the amphiboles of the present
study is relatively low compared to results from similar zones elsewhere. The lower titanium content of the amphiboles may
be attributed to either bulk chemical composition or to low oxygen fugacity. Mg/Fe ratios vary considerably and it is mainly
controlled by host rock composition. The plots of calcic amphiboles on (lOONa/Ca + Na)/(100 Al/Si + Al) and Aliv/Alvi diagrams indicate that they are of medium to low pressure type. 相似文献
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Pumpellyite from four-phase assemblages (pumpellyite + epidote + prehnite + chlorite; pumpellyite + epidote + actinolite + chlorite; pumpellyite + epidote + Na-amphibole + chlorite, together with common excess phases), considered to be low variance in a CaO-(MgO + FeO)-Al2O3-Fe2O3 (+Na2O + SiO2+ H2O) system, have been examined in areas which underwent metamorphism in the prehnite-pumpellyite, pumpellyite-actinolite and low-temperature blueschist facies respectively. The analysed mineral assemblages are compared for nearly constant (basaltic) chemical composition at varying metamorphic grade and for varying chemical composition (basic, intermediate, acidic) at constant metamorphic conditions (low-temperature blueschist facies). In the studied mineral assemblages, coexisting phases approached near chemical equilibrium. At constant (basaltic) bulk rock composition the MgO content of pumpellyite increases, and the XFe3+ of both pumpellyite and epidote decreases with increasing metamorphic grade, the Fe3+ being preferentially concentrated in epidote. Both pumpellyite and epidote compositions vary with the bulk rock composition at isofacial conditions; pumpellyite becomes progressively enriched in Fe and depleted in Mg from basic to intermediate and acidic bulk rock compositions. The compositional comparison of pumpellyites from high-variance (1–3 phases) assemblages in various bulk rock compositions (basic, intermediate, acidic rocks, greywackes, gabbros) shows that the compositional fields of both pumpellyite and epidote are wide and variable, broadly overlapping the compositional effects observed at varying metamorphic grade in low-variance assemblages. The intrinsic stability of both Fe- and Al-rich pumpellyites extends across the complete range of the considered metamorphic conditions. Element partitioning between coexisting phases is the main control on the mineral composition at different P-T conditions. 相似文献