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我国平原地区土壤地球化学异常普遍存在,但是目前对这些异常的成因缺乏系统认识。这里以长春和南京地区的Hg、Cd异常试验研究结果为例,利用元素相关关系法,对此进行了系统研究。结果表明,城镇及其周边地区的土壤地球化学异常,异常组分叠加量表现出表层累积型特点,此类异常的成因与人类活动有关。分布在河流沿岸的土壤地球化学异常,在垂向上,异常组分叠加量表现出了连续型分布特点,且异常组分含量主要受土壤物质组成的控制,此类异常是在河流沉积物自然沉积过程中形成的。 相似文献
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应用MAPGIS制作地球化学图单元素异常图及综合异常图 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用MAPGIS离散数据网格化模型绘制地球化学图,通过四种不同的网格化方法效果对比,在元素含量分析数据极差相对较小时,采用Kring泛克立格法网格化模型绘制的地球化学图效果佳。分析数据极差相对较大时,采用距离幂函数反比加权网格化模型绘制的地球化学图效果较好。两种数据网格模型绘制的地球化学图均达到化探规范中对地球化学图的要求,因此提出了应用MAPGIS制作地球化学等含量线图,利用地球化学等含量线图的属性,绘制单元素异常图及综合异常图。 相似文献
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尝试将盲源分离技术用于地球化学领域中,应用盲源分离理论中的FastICA算法对西藏洞嘎普铜矿勘查区1∶10 000土壤地球化学测量数据进行了矿致异常识别研究。首先根据盲源分离算法建立反演化探数据元素组合模型,以此确定地球化学成矿元素组合;然后,利用分形方法确定地球化学单元素及元素组合的异常下限,圈定异常浓集中心,进而确定异常分带性;最后,将元素分带特性研究与研究区地质特征相结合,对比单元素异常图及组合异常图,对研究区的地球化学元素作出异常分类和异常评价解释,划分的4个异常区域在后期的工程验证中取得了很好的效果。 相似文献
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《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,60(2):157-171
A systematic approach for identifying mineral exploration target areas from reconnaissance stream sediment data without sufficient a-priori control information has been demonstrated in a portion of western Albay Province in the southern Bicol Peninsula of the Philippines. The approach involved devising a rapid method of catchment basin mapping using a geographic information system (GIS) so that the areal influence of the catchment basins may be incorporated in the geochemical data analysis. Areal proportions of mapped rock units occurring in the sample catchment basins and observed Mn and Fe contents in stream sediments are used as independent variables in multiple regression analysis to predict element contents in stream sediments related to lithologic and chemical controls. The predicted element contents are filtered-out from the original data to leave residuals in which the effects of other factors (e.g., mineralization) may be seen. A simple correction for the effects of downstream dilution is applied; this allows for the different sizes of the sample catchment basins so that positive geochemical residuals are enhanced. The inter-relationship of the different positive residuals in ‘highly enriched’ samples are investigated through principal components analysis to determine and quantify an ‘anomalous geochemical signature’. Lastly, the ‘anomalous geochemical signature’ is integrated with ‘proximity’ to faults/fractures to determine favourable target areas. For the test region, the lithologic controls explain between 80% and 100% of the variability in most of the elements studied. Chemical controls account for generally less than 5% of the variability in the data. Most of the dilution-corrected residuals reveal high relative enrichment in certain areas underlain by andesite and/or diorite. An anomalous Cu-Mg-Fe-Zn geochemical signature is disclosed by the principal components analysis of the dilution-corrected residuals in ‘highly enriched’ samples. Most sample catchment basins defined by this ‘anomalous geochemical signature’ pertain to areas underlain by andesitic rocks. Integration of the ‘anomalous geochemical signature’ and ‘proximity’ to faults/fractures reveals that some of these anomalous sample catchment basins are favourable target areas. These areas are interpreted to contain andesite-hosted stockwork or stringer zones that once formed part of a complete stratigraphic sequence of a volcanogenic massive sulphide occurrence. The results demonstrate the usefulness and ability of the procedures followed to extract significant anomalies from the reconnaissance geochemical data without the benefit of sufficient a-priori control data to aid in anomaly recognition. Similar procedures could also be applied elsewhere. 相似文献
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A technique called SCORESUM was developed to display a maximum of multi-element geochemical information on a minimum number of maps for mineral assessment purposes. The technique can be done manually for a small analytical data set or can be done with a computer for a large data set. SCORESUM can be used with highly censored data and can also weight samples so as to minimize the chemical differences of diverse lithologies in different parts of a given study area.The full range of reported analyses for each element of interest in a data set is divided into four categories. Anomaly scores — values of O (background), 1 (weakly anomalous), 2 (moderately anomalous), and 3 (strongly anomalous) — are substituted for all of the analyses falling into each of the four categories. A group of elements based on known or suspected association in altered or mineralized areas is selected for study and the anomaly scores for these elements are summed for each sample site and then plotted on a map. Some of the results of geochemical studies conducted for mineral assessments in two areas are briefly described. The first area, the Mokelumne Wilderness and vicinity, is a relatively small and geologically simple one. The second, the Walker Lake 1° × 2° quadrangle, is a large area that has extremely complex geology and that contains a number of different mineral deposit environments. These two studies provide examples of how the SCORESUM technique has been used (1) to enhance relatively small but anomalous areas and (2) to delineate and rank areas containing geochemical signatures for specific suites of elements related to certain types of alteration or mineralization. 相似文献
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利用1∶200 000地球化学数据,从整个成矿地球化学环境的角度出发,最大限度地开发、挖掘三十九种化学元素中每个元素以及元素组合所蕴含的矿化信息,为成矿远景区预测提供更加翔实的地球化学依据,是地球化学工作者的研究任务之一。MAPGIS功能强大,其地图库管理模块为多幅1∶200 000地球化学异常图的拼接提供了技术支持。这里论述了1∶200 000地球化学数据的特征和MAPGIS的地图库管理的功能,并记述了在实际工作中应用MAPGIS的地图库管理对多幅1∶200 000地球化学异常图的拼接,实现了对1∶200 000地球化学数据的另一种应用方式。 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(4):491-499
Separation of geochemical anomalies from background are one of the important steps in mineral exploration. The Khooni mineral district (Central Iran) has complex geochemical surface expression due to a complex geological background. This region was chosen as a study area for recognition of the spatial distribution of geochemical elements and separating anomalies from background using stream sediment geochemical data. In the past decades, geochemical anomalies have been identified by means of various methods. Some of these separation methods include: statistical analysis methods, spatial statistical methods and fractal and multi-fractal methods. In this article, two efficient methods, i.e. U-statistics and the fractal concentration-area for separation and detection of anomalous areas of the background were used. The U spatial statistic method is a weighted mean, which considers sampling point positions and their spatial relation in the estimation of anomaly location. Also, fractal and multi-fractal models have also been applied to separate anomalies from background values. In this paper, the concentration–area model (C–A) was suggested to separate the anomaly of background. For this purpose, about 256 stream sediment samples were collected and analyzed. Then anomaly maps of elements were generated based on U spatial statistics and the C-A fractal methods for Au, As and Sb elements. According to obtained results, the U-statistics method performed better than C-A method. Because the comparisons of the known deposits and occurrences against the anomalous area created using thresholds from U-statistics and C-A method show that the spatial U-statistics method hits all of 3 known deposits and occurrences, the C-A fractal method hits 1 and fails 2. In addition, the results showed that these methods with regard to spatial distribution and variability within neighboring samples, in addition to concentration value frequency distributions and correlation coefficients, have more accurate results than the traditional approaches. 相似文献
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化探异常信息识别是化探数据分析最重要的任务之一, 也是化探数据在资源勘查领域受到广泛关注的最重要原因, 前人对化探异常信息识别做过大量研究, 这些研究中的大多数主要关注化探示踪元素的含量, 近而根据含量指标计算异常阈值, 而对示踪元素在空间中的分布特征关注较少。本文选择 1: 20万比例尺的克拉玛依幅为研究区, 根据区内金矿的矿床地球化学特征选择Ag、As、Au和Sb等4种元素为本区内金矿的示踪元素, 以地球化学元素分散晕形成理论为依据, 使用GIS技术和Matlab软件绘制研究区内4种金矿示踪元素的综合地球化学异常图。结果表明, 与传统阈值方法得到的化探异常图相比, 本文得到的化探异常图能够更好地指示研究区内已知金矿。 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(4):125774
Recognition of geochemical anomalies is a pivotal assignment in exploration projects. This study aims to delineate different AuCu geochemical anomalies using number-size (N-S) and concentration-area (C-A) multifractal models in the Siah Jangal area, SE Iran. In this research, lithogeochemical datasets were applied for the exploration of Au and Cu. A comparison between geochemical anomaly maps based on the N-S and C-A fractal models shows the N-S fractal modeling is a powerful tool for separation of weak elemental geochemical anomalies in all of sampling zones. Based on a comparison between the results of these two methods and field studies, the geochemical anomaly zones, defined by the N-S fractal model, are more accurate than those recognized by the C-A fractal model. The obtained results of the N-S and C-A fractal models have been interpreted with the extensive set of information including structural interpretation, geological and alteration data. Au and Cu mineralization in the Siah Jangal area are hosted mainly by Oligocene-Miocene sub-volcanic rocks, especially strongly altered porphyric quartz diorite, hornblende diorite and diorite. Moreover, the positive dependence between various alteration zones and high concentrations of Au and Cu proves that strongly anomalous areas are correlated with these alteration zones. High grade Au (> 1000 ppb) and Cu (>150 ppm) are associated with the altered sub-volcanic rocks in the northern, eastern, and SW parts of the study area. Therewith, the strong anomaly populations are mostly occurred within the fault and fracture systems in the study area. This is a promising signal because quartz-sulfide veins and veinlets are associated with such structures. 相似文献
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Georgios Papastergios Jose-Luis Fernandez-Turiel Anestis Filippidis Domingo Gimeno 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(3):743-751
The procedure proposed in this study is based on the extraction of elements in soils by analytical grade HNO3, the distribution of the elemental data displayed on probability graphs (Q–Q plots) and the visualization of the results
spatially by GIS software. The applicability of the procedure is demonstrated in an urban area and its surroundings (Kavala,
northern Greece). A major (Ca) and a trace (Ag) element are used as examples in order to demonstrate the applicability of
the proposed procedure. Normal probability and lognormal probability plots of Ca and Ag show that their concentrations are
lognormally distributed and that their geochemical baseline and anomaly threshold values can be calculated with the aid of
their geometric mean and geometric deviation. The advantages of the proposed procedure are simplicity, comprehensiveness,
and low cost. It can be applied to environmental geochemical studies of soils in a variety of areas. 相似文献
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以长江中下游1∶20万铜区域地球化学数据为基础,研究了铜元素地球化学异常特征,认为不同尺度的地球化学异常图具有不同的研究意义:(1)1∶20万地球化学异常可以圈定矿床异常,用于大型矿床预测。研究区内13个大型矿床中有12个落在具有三层套合结构的地球化学异常中,已知矿床储量与异常面金属量、异常面积之间的相关系数分别为0.94、0.95,显示区域地球化学异常规模与储量之间的较好相关性。(2)1∶50万地球化学异常可以圈定矿区异常,用于在成矿带中预测有利成矿区。(3)1∶100万地球化学异常可以圈定大型矿集区或成矿带,用于矿集区预测。如果把研究区内面积大于1 000km2且含有3个以上已知矿床的异常作为矿集区的话,则长江中下游存在3个大型矿集区:马鞍山—南京矿集区、九江—瑞昌—大冶矿集区和德兴—黄山—安庆—铜陵矿集区(实际上包含德兴和铜陵2个矿集区)。大型矿床多产于多层套合的地球化学异常中,大型矿集区所形成的异常具有至少3层套合结构,浓集中心与大型矿床存在对应关系,这些规律的发现为在不同成矿域预测新的大型矿集区提供了重要地球化学标志。 相似文献
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张八岭—管店地区位于皖东张八岭构造带北部,区内已发现多处金多金属矿点,但尚未取得显著突破。近年来,多维分形理论与地球化学勘查相结合的方法已被广泛应用于Au、Cu矿床的找矿勘查工作,其中S-A(能谱密度-累计面积)方法是一种建立在能谱空间上的分形滤波技术,能够利用傅里叶变换对物化探数据进行异常和背景分解。以张八岭—管店地区深部土壤Au元素为例,利用S-A方法对研究区深部土壤中Au元素地球化学场进行异常识别。结果显示,该方法能够有效分离地球化学背景,识别已知金铜矿点的矿致异常信息,在区内已知矿点以外识别出多个Au元素异常区域。研究成果可为进一步找矿勘探提供新的目标和方向。 相似文献
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Analysis and mapping of geochemical anomalies using logratio-transformed stream sediment data with censored values 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There is lack of research and documentation of actual (as opposed to theoretical) benefits (e.g., mineral deposit discovery) of developments in compositional data analysis and imputation of censored values to mineral exploration geochemistry. In the present study, analyses of logratio- and ln-transformed stream sediment geochemical data containing ca. 30% of samples with censored values of a pathfinder element for the mineral deposit-type of interest yielded the following findings. Exclusion of those samples supports interpretation of multi-element anomalies reflecting the presence of mineralization. However, the multi-element anomaly maps obtained by exclusion of those samples are barely better than the multi-element anomaly maps derived by inclusion of those samples after replacing the censored values with 1/2 of detection limit or with imputed values. Logratio (i.e., alr, clr, or ilr) transformation, compared to ln-transformation, of stream sediment geochemical data does not improve mapping of pathfinder element anomalies reflecting the presence of mineralization. However, stream sediment geochemical data, excluding or including censored values (replaced with 1/2 of detection limit or with imputed values), should be clr- or ilr-transformed to enhance recognition of anomalous multi-element associations reflecting the presence of mineralization. The anomaly maps of multi-element associations derived from ilr-transformed data are better, albeit slightly, than the anomaly maps of multi-element associations derived from clr-transformed data. In the present study, the main benefit of either clr- or ilr-transformation, compared to either ln- or alr-transformation, of stream sediment geochemical data is the enhancement of anomalous multi-element associations reflecting the presence of mineralization. This is an important benefit because variations in trace element concentrations in regional-scale stream sediment geochemical data are mostly due to lithology and other factors (or processes) unrelated to mineralization. Further investigations of various exploration geochemical data are needed to demonstrate and document the actual (as opposed to theoretical) benefits of developments in compositional data analysis and imputation of censored values to mineral exploration. 相似文献
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文章分析了安徽宁国石口地区土壤地球化学异常特征并对单元素进行异常评价,发现Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi和Sn异常较弱,Ag、W、Mo异常次之,Ag、W、Mo在黑色岩系具有较高的背景值;Au、As、Sb异常面积大、强度高,异常套合较好,各元素之间具有较好的亲和性;Au为富集元素,变异系数较大,反映矿化不均匀,深部已发现工业金矿体,与构造破碎带有关,与硅化、黄铁矿化呈正相关。通过土壤地球化学测量,在研究区圈定了19个Au异常,3条Au异常带。对异常进一步验证,发现NW向金异常带AuP3异常具有较好的找矿前景。NE向异常带中的AuP1异常和AuP2异常,可能为寒武纪西阳山组钙质泥岩风化导致Au次生富集引起的异常。 相似文献
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本文在简要介绍分形技术及分形模型的基础上,应用分形模型研究了化探数据的元素含量与对应面积,发现数据存在分形结构,并确定了化探数据的异常下限,经和传统方法处理后所得到的结果进行比较,发现分形处理结果较传统方法的效果更好。 相似文献
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化探综合异常图定量编制方法及应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
现阶段以单元素异常图为基础编制的综合异常图,只能定性地圈定出综合异常范围,并没有考虑异常点元素彼此之间的叠加贡献,不能定量评价综合异常。研究发现,该类图件不论在图面表达形式还是在应用效果中均存在诸多不足。明确了"平均衬度法"的概念,提出利用平均衬度法编制综合异常图的思路和方法,即以原始分析数据为基础,利用平均衬度定量表达综合异常范围,编制形成平均衬度综合异常图。对比结果表明,平均衬度法对综合异常的圈定效果优于累加衬度法和综合衬度法。平均衬度综合异常图特别适合1:5万化探普查资料的开发研究,由于圈定的范围小、浓集中心明显,适合准确布置地表探矿工程,并可以节约勘查成本,提高找矿命中率。 相似文献