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1.
南大西洋两岸被动陆缘盆地蕴藏大量的油气资源,是近年来油气勘探的热点区域。南大西洋两侧共轭盆地的结构存在明显的不对称性,南美侧的桑托斯盆地垂直走向方向的宽度(约850 km)是位于非洲侧的南宽扎盆地(约200 km)的4倍。盆地结构的不对称性导致南大西洋两岸被动陆缘盆地油气分布与成藏规律具有明显的差异,但是盆地结构不对称性的动力学成因目前还存在较大争议。为此开展2D热力学耦合的地球动力学数值模拟实验,数值模拟中采用有限元方法求解黏-弹-塑性连续介质的本构方程。实验结果证明了下地壳流变学性质差异是控制盆地结构的关键因素。当下地壳流变学性质不对称时,在克拉通上发育的盆地往往为狭窄盆地,而在造山带上发育的盆地为宽广盆地。克拉通深厚地壳通过改变软流圈的流动影响地壳破裂和盆地结构。与前人数值模拟结果相比,本文的模型不仅能正演不对称盆地的形成过程,也能预测共轭盆地不对称极性,与南大西洋地质情况能够更好吻合。 相似文献
2.
Numerical experiments reproduce the fundamental architecture of magma-poor rifted margins such as the Iberian or Alpine margins
if the lithosphere has a weak mid-crustal channel on top of strong lower crust and a horizontal thermal weakness in the rift
center. During model extension, the upper crust undergoes distributed collapse into the rift center where the thermally weakened
portion of the model tears. Among the features reproduced by the modeling, we observe: (1) an array of tilted upper-crustal
blocks resting directly on exhumed mantle at the distal margin, (2) consistently oceanward-dipping normal faults, (3) a mid-crustal
high strain zone at the base of the crustal blocks (S-reflector), (4) new ocean floor up against a low angle normal fault
at the tip of the continent, (5) shear zones consistent with continentward-dipping reflectors in the mantle lithosphere, (6)
the mismatch frequently observed between stretching values inferred from surface extension and bulk crustal thinning at distal
margins (upper plate paradox). Rifting in the experiment is symmetric at a lithospheric scale and the above features develop
on both sides of the rift center. We discuss three controversial points in more detail: (1) weak versus strong lower crust,
(2) the deformation pattern in the mantle, and (3) the significance of detachment faults during continental breakup. We argue
that the transition from wide rifting towards narrow rifting with a pronounced polarity towards the rift center is associated
with the advective growth of a thermal perturbation in the mantle lithosphere. 相似文献
3.
A. P. Gartrell 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):231-244
The extensional architecture of the Northern Carnarvon Basin can be explained in terms of changes in lithospheric rheology during multiphase extension and lower crustal flow. Low‐angle detachments, while playing a minor role, are not considered to have been the primary mechanism for extension as suggested in previous models. Early extension (Cambrian‐Ordovician) in the Northern Carnarvon Basin is characterised by low‐angle detachment structures of limited regional extent. These structures have a spatial association with a Proterozoic mobile belt on the margin of the Pilbara Craton. Thermo‐mechanical conditions in the mobile belt may have predisposed the highly deformed crust to thin‐skinned extension and detachment development. Permo‐Carboniferous extension generated an extensive wide rift basin, suggesting ductile rheologies associated with intermediate lithospheric temperatures and crustal thickness. Thick Upper Permian to Upper Triassic post‐rift sequences and marked thinning of the lower crust occurred in association with only a small amount of extension in the upper crust. This observation can be reconciled by considering outward lower crustal flow, from beneath the basin towards the basin margin, following extension. Strong mid‐crustal reflectors, which occur over large areas of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, probably represent a boundary between flow and non‐flow regimes rather than detachment fault surfaces as in previous models. Crustal thinning and thermal decay following Permo‐Carboniferous extension contributed to the increased strength and brittle behaviour of the lithosphere. Consequently, Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous extension resulted in the development of far more localised narrow rift systems on the margins of the preceding wide rift basin. Diapiric intrusions are associated with the narrow rift basin development, resulting from either remobilisation of ductile lower crustal rock or the initial formation of sea‐floor spreading centres. 相似文献
4.
藏南裂谷作为青藏高原最显著的伸展构造样式之一,是研究高原生长过程的重要窗口,但目前其深部成因机制仍存在较大争议。本文利用沿错那—沃卡裂谷中部的大地电磁数据,分析裂谷区域的大地电磁测深曲线特征和相位张量,并通过三维大地电磁反演获得邛多江地堑和沃卡地堑深部电性结构。三维大地电磁反演结果显示,沃卡地堑和邛多江地堑深部存在一条连续的显著高导异常,并呈现“俯冲”形态,且上覆高阻结构体,而在邛多江地堑两侧浅部则分布低阻异常。结合早期的研究结果,本文支持错那—沃卡裂谷深部的高导异常为地壳部分熔融,可能与南向地壳流相关,并研究认为在南北向持续挤压作用下,裂谷下方的弱地壳层,通过解耦上地壳和下部地壳,促进了藏南裂谷系的发育。 相似文献
5.
Analogies are drawn between continental and continental margin structures on the basis of seismic data on the crustal structure of Eurasia and its Atlantic margins. Crustal thinning from the inner parts of the continent to its margins is observed to be a general feature common to the formation of deep midland depressions and sedimentary basins of shelf zones. The latter are characterized by crustal thinning and its assimilation. These phenomena cannot be explained solely be sea-floor spreading effects in the process of active rifting and formation of oceanic crust. It appears that the main role in the formation of the margins in played by processes of mantle erosion in connection with heating at continental margins and with the migration of mantle material to the lower part of the crust. 相似文献
6.
大陆玄武岩通常具有与洋岛玄武岩相似的地球化学成分,其中含有显著的壳源组分.对于洋岛玄武岩来说,虽然其中的壳源组分归咎于深俯冲大洋板片的再循环,但是对板片俯冲过程中的壳幔相互作用缺乏研究.对于大陆玄武岩来说,由于其形成与特定大洋板片在大陆边缘之下的俯冲有关,可以用来确定古大洋板片俯冲的地壳物质再循环.本文总结了我们对中国东部新生代玄武岩所进行的一系列地球化学研究,结果记录了古太平洋板片俯冲析出流体对地幔楔的化学交代作用.这些大陆玄武岩普遍具有与洋岛玄武岩类似的地球化学成分,在微量元素组成上表现为富集LILE和LREE、亏损HREE,但是不亏损HFSE的分布特点,在放射成因同位素组成上表现为亏损至弱富集的Sr-Nd同位素组成.在排除地壳混染效应之后,这些玄武岩的地球化学特征可以由其地幔源区中壳源组分的性质来解释.俯冲大洋地壳部分熔融产生的熔体提供了地幔源区中的壳源组分,其中包括洋壳镁铁质火成岩、海底沉积物和大陆下地壳三种组分.华北和华南新生代大陆玄武岩在Pb同位素组成上存在显著差异,反映它们地幔源区中的壳源组分有所区别.中国东部新生代玄武岩的地幔源区是古太平洋板片于中生代俯冲至亚欧大陆东部之下时,在>200 km的俯冲带深度发生壳幔相互作用的产物.在新生代期间,随着俯冲太平洋板片的回卷引起的中国东部大陆岩石圈拉张和软流圈地幔上涌,那些交代成因的地幔源区发生部分熔融,形成了现今所见的新生代玄武岩. 相似文献
7.
随着被动大陆边缘勘探的需求日益增加,为了更好的概括全球共轭被动大陆边缘的基本特征,本文试图在广泛调研全球具有代表性的12对大陆边缘的基础上,从大地构造背景、裂解时限、空间变化3个方面,系统总结12对共轭被动大陆边缘,进而得到4种基本类型：伊比利亚—纽芬兰型、加蓬—巴西南部型、新斯科舍—摩洛哥型、几内亚湾—巴西东北部型。伊比利亚—纽芬兰型是最常见且分布最广泛的类型,具有板缘造山带型、窄边缘型、长裂谷期型特征,地壳厚度及沉积物厚度小。结构呈明显分段性特征,裂谷时间充足,地幔剥露并发生蛇纹石化。加蓬—巴西南部型以板缘造山带型为主,具有窄边缘型、中裂谷期型特征,沉积厚度大,盆地发育大型高角度正断层控制沉积,并发育丰富的盐构造,边缘与古缝合带不重合。新斯科舍—摩洛哥型以板缘造山带型为主,具有宽边缘型、中裂谷期型特征,具有不对称裂解模式和洋盆生长模式,地壳结构和沉积物在共轭边缘呈现明显不对称性;发育反转构造,生长断层,走滑断层等多种类型构造。几内亚湾—巴西东北部型以板缘非造山带型为主,具有窄边缘型、短裂谷期型特征,发育多个转换边缘盆地,受张剪性的深大断层控制,地壳厚度及沉积物厚度的变化很大,具有裂谷—剪切边缘过渡特征。 相似文献
8.
南海的形成演化受控于印-澳、欧亚以及太平洋板块的相互运动,为研究汇聚背景下板块碰撞及其远程效应提供重要窗口。为了揭示该汇聚背景下的多幕裂陷过程,本文选取地质信息丰富的整个珠江口盆地为典型区,利用三条高精度地震剖面,对盆地各地质单元进行断层活动速率和构造沉降速率的定量计算及综合分析。结果表明盆地裂陷期东部、中部和西部主要控凹断层的平均活动速率分别为96 m/Ma、223 m/Ma和124 m/Ma,且其平均沉降速率依次为8.5 m/Ma、34 m/Ma和12.7 m/Ma,盆地整体呈现中部裂陷作用最强,其后向西部和东部逐渐减弱的特征。本文认为这与先存断裂以及初始地壳厚度有关:盆地东部和中部存在NE向先存断裂,并且东部先存断裂更加活跃,因此在新生代拉伸应力下东部更易表现为裂陷作用最强的区域,其次为中部和西部;而受前新生代时期俯冲作用的影响,岩浆的底垫作用引起盆地东部地壳增厚,东部裂陷作用强度急剧降低,造成裂陷作用强度的东西差异。此外,盆地南段凹陷裂陷期的断层活动和沉降速率发生激增,裂陷作用存在向南迁移的现象。本文推测在深度相关的伸展模式的影响下,南段凹陷地壳温度升高,强度减弱,因而在伸展应力下发生快速的拉伸减薄,导致裂陷中心向南迁移及岩浆物质上涌。同时,侵入的岩浆物质导致高角度正断层转换成低角度正断层,进一步促进裂陷中心向南迁移。 相似文献
9.
With heights of 4–5 km, the topography of Rwenzori Mountains, a large horst of old crustal rocks located inside a young passive rift system, poses the question “Why are the Rwenzori Mountains so high?”. The Cenozoic Western Rift branch of the East African Rift System is situated within the Late Proterozoic mobile belts between the Archean Tanzania Craton and Congo Craton. The special geological setting of the massif at a rift node encircled by the ends of the northern Western Rift segments of Lake Albert and Lake Edward suggests that the mechanism responsible for the high elevation of the Rwenzoris is related to the rifting process. Our hypothesis is based on the propagation of the rift tips, surrounding the stiff old lithosphere at Rwenzori region, thereby triggering the delamination of the cold and dense mantle lithosphere (ML) root by reducing viscosity and strength of the undermost lower crust. As a result, this unloading induces fast isostatic pop-up of the less dense crustal Rwenzori block. We term this RID—“rift induced delamination of Mantle Lithosphere”. The physical consistency of the RID hypothesis is tested numerically. Viscous flow of 2D models is approximated by a Finite Difference Method with markers in an Eulerian formulation. The equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy are solved for a multi-component system. Based on laboratory data of appropriate rock samples, a temperature-, pressure- and stress-dependent rheology is assumed. Assuming a simple starting model with a locally heated ML, the ML block between the weakened zones becomes unstable and sinks into the asthenosphere, while the overlying continental crust rises up. Thus, RID seems to be a viable mechanism to explain geodynamically the extreme uplift. Important conditions are a thermal anomaly within the ML, a ductile lower crust with visco-plastic rheology allowing significant strength reduction and lateral density variations. The special situation of a two-sided rifting or offset rift segments to decouple the ML laterally from the surrounding continental lithosphere seems to be most decisive. Further support for the RID mechanism may come from additional crustal thickness and an extensive stress field. Some parameters, such as the excess temperature and yield stress, are very sensitive, small changes determine whether delamination takes place or not. 相似文献
10.
We present results from a 484 km wide-angle seismic profile acquired in the northwest part of the South China Sea (SCS) during OBS2006 cruise. The line that runs along a previously acquired multi-channel seismic line (SO49-18) crosses the continental slope of the northern margin, the Northwest Subbasin (NWSB) of the South China Sea, the Zhongsha Massif and partly the oceanic basin of the South China Sea. Seismic sections recorded on 13 ocean-bottom seismometers were used to identify refracted phases from the crustal layer and also reflected phases from the crust-mantle boundary (Moho). Inversion of the traveltimes using a simple start model reveals crustal images in the study area. The velocity model shows that crustal thickness below the continental slope is between 14 and 23 km. The continental part of the line is characterized by gentle landward mantle uplift and an abrupt oceanward one. The velocities in the lower crust do not exceed 6.9 km/s. With the new data we can exclude a high-velocity lower crustal body (velocities above 7.0 km/s) at the location of the line. We conclude that this part of the South China Sea margin developed by a magma-poor rifting. Both, the NWSB and the Southwest Sub-basin (SWSB) reveal velocities typical for oceanic crust with crustal thickness between 5 and 7 km. The Zhongsha Massif in between is extremely stretched with only 6–10 km continental crust left. Crustal velocity is below 6.5 km/s; possibly indicating the absence of the lower crust. Multi-channel seismic profile shows that the Yitongansha Uplift in the slope area and the Zhongsha Massif are only mildly deformed. We considered them as rigid continent blocks which acted as rift shoulders of the main rift subsequently resulting in the formation of the Northwest Sub-basin. The extension was mainly accommodated by a ductile lower crustal flows, which might have been extremely attenuated and flow into the oceanic basin during the spreading stage. We compared the crustal structures along the northern margin and found an east-west thicken trend of the crust below the continent slope. This might be contributed by the east-west sea-floor spreading along the continental margin. 相似文献
11.
华北克拉通晚中生代壳-幔拆离作用: 岩石流变学约束 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
大陆岩石圈的流变学结构对于岩石圈深部过程(壳/幔过程)有着深刻的影响,直接表现在岩石圈壳-幔结构与浅部构造上.本文注意到华北克拉通晚中生代岩石圈减薄期间地壳的伸展、拆离与减薄在不同地区的宏观、微观构造及地壳岩石流变学等方面的差异表现与区域变化,以及现今和晚中生代时期岩石圈厚度的不均匀性.讨论了以水为主体的地质流体的存在对于岩石圈流变性的影响.综合克拉通东部与西部地壳/地幔厚度变化特点以及下地壳和上地幔含水性特点,阐述了晚中生代时期华北克拉通岩石圈内部壳幔耦合与解耦的规律,提出了华北岩石圈壳-幔拆离作用模型以解释华北克拉通晚中生代岩石圈减薄的基本现象与深部过程.提出区域性伸展作用是岩石圈减薄的主要动力学因素,东部地区在晚中生代伸展作用过程中壳-幔具有典型的解耦性,上部地壳、下部地壳和岩石圈地幔的变形具有显著差异性.而西部区壳幔总体具有耦合性,下地壳与岩石圈地幔共同构成流变学强度很高且难以变形的岩石圈根. 相似文献
12.
喜马拉雅造山带由印度与欧亚大陆板块的陆陆碰撞而形成。为何在挤压造山的碰撞前缘形成代表垮塌的藏南裂谷系存在巨大的争议。回答这个问题需要对裂谷的地壳结构有一个全面的认识。各裂谷带的起始活动年代自西向东逐渐年轻。本研究选取喜马拉雅东部较为年轻的错那裂谷,利用密集台阵接收的远震数据,通过P波接收函数方法,揭示错那裂谷的精细地壳结构,进而通过地壳结构分析裂谷的形成。结果显示错那裂谷为全地壳尺度结构,裂谷下方莫霍面发生明显错断,且壳内结构侧向不连续发育显著。本研究表明裂谷的形成可能关联更大尺度的区域构造运动,单一的重力垮塌是否能形成地壳尺度的裂谷需要进一步研究。综合前人对藏南裂谷系区域的超钾岩和埃达克岩研究以及深部地球物理观测结果,推断因俯冲的印度板片撕裂导致软流圈物质上涌弱化了错那裂谷区域下地壳,并且结合研究区内喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩研究显示中上地壳也存在弱化现象。因此,结合本研究结果推测全地壳尺度裂谷的形成需要不同深度的地壳弱化。 相似文献
13.
Fan Zhang Xubo Zhang Weiwei Ding Tingting Wang Jian Zhu 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):840-858
ABSTRACT We investigated the oceanic crustal structure and lithospheric dynamics of the South China Sea (SCS) basin through a comprehensive analysis of residual gravity anomaly and bathymetry combined with seismic constraints and interpretation from geodynamic modelling. We first calculated the residual mantle Bouguer anomaly (RMBA) of the oceanic crustal regions of the SCS by removing from free-air gravity anomaly the predicted gravitational attractions of water-sediment, sediment-crust, and crust-mantle interfaces, as well as the effects of lithospheric plate cooling, using the latest crustal age constraints including IODP Expedition 349 and recent deep-tow magnetic surveys. We then calculated models of the gravity-derived crustal thickness and calibrated them using the available seismic refraction profiles of the SCS. The gravity-derived crustal thickness models correlate positively with seismically determined crustal thickness values. Our analysis revealed that the isochron-averaged RMBA are consistently more negative over the northern flank of the SCS basin than the southern conjugate for magnetic anomaly chrons C8n (~25.18 Ma) to C5Dn (~17.38 Ma), implying warmer mantle and/or thicker crust over much of the northern flank. Computational geodynamic modelling yielded the following interpretations: (1) Models of asymmetric and variable spreading rates based on the relatively high-resolution deep-tow magnetic analysis would predict alternating thicker and thinner crust at the northern flank than the southern conjugate, which is inconsistent with the observed systematically thicker crust on the northern flank. (2) Models of episodic southward ridge jumps could reproduce the observed N-S asymmetry, but only for crustal age of 23.6–20 Ma. (3) Southward migration of the SCS ridge axis would predict slightly thinner crust at the northern flank, which is inconsistent with the observations. (4) Models of higher mantle temperatures of up to 25–50°C or >2% less depleted mantle sources on the northern flank could produce large enough anomalies to explain the observed N-S asymmetries. 相似文献
14.
青藏高原的隆升由印度-欧亚板块的碰撞而驱动,其生长演化,特别是从内到外的扩展机制仍尚存争议。祁连山地处青藏高原向东北扩展的前缘位置,其地壳结构与各向异性对于理解青藏高原向北扩展的生长机制具有重要意义。祁连山中部是青藏高原东北缘地壳遭受挤压强烈变形的区域,已有的研究已经揭示出地壳内部非耦合不均匀变形的几何行为,揭露其对应机制是亟待探索的前沿科学问题。此前该区域的各向异性研究大多基于面状台网数据,台站间距大,无法反映横跨祁连山地壳各向异性的精细变化。为此,本研究选用一条密集线性地震台阵,使用H-κ-c叠加方法,得到了横过祁连山中部的地壳厚度,泊松比以及地壳各向异性的横向变化。结果显示,在中祁连以及南祁连北部地壳厚度最大,平均泊松比最低,反映了地壳加厚过程中铁镁质下地壳的丢失以及长英质中上地壳的水平缩短。此外,偏长英质成分的泊松比值也不支持地壳流在该区域存在。在祁连山内部,地壳各向异性快波的偏振方向与地壳向外扩展方向一致,而与地幔各向异性快波方向近垂直,揭示了壳幔变形可能是解耦的。而在地壳较薄的南祁连和北祁连南部区域,快波方向与古缝合线的走向一致,说明早古生代的构造格局仍对现今的祁连山缩短隆升产生影响。 相似文献
15.
中国东部中—新生代,下部岩石圈存在壳与幔、岩石圈与软流圈两个相互作用带,它们是重要的岩浆源区,在层圈相互作用中,热和物质的交换及其动力学过程是引起中、新生代岩石圈内部层圈间的厚度调整、岩石圈不均匀减薄以及区域构造-岩浆-成矿作用的重要机理。大陆内部的壳-幔作用有3种类型:地幔来源的底侵熔体与下地壳的作用;下地壳拆沉进入弱化(weakening)了的岩石圈地幔二者发生的作用以及陆-陆碰撞深俯冲带的壳-幔相互作用。它们形成的火山岩组合有一定的差别,但源区都含有地壳组分。岩石圈-软流圈的作用带也是重要的岩浆源区,源区是以软流圈地幔为主,基本不含地壳组分。东部岩石圈的减薄时间大体与出现大规模软流圈来源的玄武岩喷发的时间一致,也与上述两类层圈作用转换的时间一致,大约在100Ma以后。 相似文献
16.
E. N. Melankholina 《Geotectonics》2011,45(1):71-93
The tectonotype of nonvolcanic passive margins is discussed on the basis of data on the conjugate margins of West Iberia and
Newfoundland. Magmatic, structural, and historical aspects are considered. The Late Mesozoic structural elements related to
rifting and transition to spreading are considered, as well as the Early Mesozoic sedimentary basins that begin the history
of oceanic opening. The problem is set to determine the tectonic conditions of the early opening of the ocean in the framework
of the chosen tectonoptype. These conditions are compared with the setting at the volcanic margins. The formation of the conjugate
Iberia-Newfoundland margins is reconstructed as an asymmetric rift system developing in an almost amagmatic regime. All three
segments of the margins on both sides of the ocean reveal similar features of transverse zoning with zones of the tectonized
continental, transitional, and oceanic crust oriented nearly parallel to the margin. Special attention is called to the old
age of the continental crust and subcontinental mantle and the absence of newly formed crystalline crust; the stadial tectonic
and rheological evolution of the crust and lithospheric mantle; the specific features of the transitional zone; the serpentinization
and exhumation of mantle peridotites and their role in the development of detachment at the crust-mantle interface, related
listric faults and the Peridotite Ridge, attenuation of the medium, further localization of continental breakup, and the eventual
development of asymmetric conjugate margins. Two papers characterizing the tectonotypes of volcanic and nonvolcanic passive
margins ([2] and this paper) determine the line of further comparative analysis necessary for insights into the geodynamics
of ocean opening. 相似文献
17.
P-wave velocity structure of the margin of the southeastern Tsushima Basin in the Japan Sea using ocean bottom seismometers and airguns 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Takeshi Sato Toshinori Sato Masanao Shinohara Ryota Hino Minoru Nishino Toshihiko Kanazawa 《Tectonophysics》2006,412(3-4):159-171
The Tsushima Basin is located in the southwestern Japan Sea, which is a back-arc basin in the northwestern Pacific. Although some geophysical surveys had been conducted to investigate the formation process of the Tsushima Basin, it remains unclear. In 2000, to clarify the formation process of the Tsushima Basin, the seismic velocity structure survey with ocean bottom seismometers and airguns was carried out at the southeastern Tsushima Basin and its margin, which are presumed to be the transition zone of the crustal structure of the southwestern Japan Island Arc. The crustal thickness under the southeastern Tsushima Basin is about 17 km including a 5 km thick sedimentary layer, and 20 km including a 1.5 km thick sedimentary layer under its margin. The whole crustal thickness and thickness of the upper part of the crust increase towards the southwestern Japan Island Arc. On the other hand, thickness of the lower part of the crust seems more uniform than that of the upper part. The crust in the southeastern Tsushima Basin has about 6 km/s layer with the large velocity gradient. Shallow structures of the continental bank show that the accumulation of the sediments started from lower Miocene in the southeastern Tsushima Basin. The crustal structure in southeastern Tsushima Basin is not the oceanic crust, which is formed ocean floor spreading or affected by mantle plume, but the rifted/extended island arc crust because magnitudes of the whole crustal and the upper part of the crustal thickening are larger than that of the lower part of the crustal thickening towards the southwestern Japan Island Arc. In the margin of the southeastern Tsushima Basin, high velocity material does not exist in the lowermost crust. For that reason, the margin is inferred to be a non-volcanic rifted margin. The asymmetric structure in the both margins of the southeastern and Korean Peninsula of the Tsushima Basin indicates that the formation process of the Tsushima Basin may be simple shear style rather than pure shear style. 相似文献
18.
Crustal thinning beneath the Rwenzori region, Albertine rift, Uganda, from receiver-function analysis 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ingo Wölbern G. Rümpker A. Schumann A. Muwanga 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(7):1545-1557
The Rwenzori mountains in western Uganda, with a maximum elevation of more than 5,000 m, are located within the Albertine
rift valley. We have deployed a temporary seismic network on the Ugandan side of the mountain range to study the seismic velocity
structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath this section of the rift. We present results from a receiver-function study
revealing a simple crustal structure along the eastern rift flank with a more or less uniform crustal thickness of about 30 km.
The complexity of inner-crustal structures increases drastically within the Rwenzori block. We apply different inversion techniques
to obtain reliable results for the thickness of the crust. The observations expose a significantly thinner crust beneath the
Rwenzori range with thickness values ranging from about 20–28 km beneath northern and central parts of the mountains. Our
study therefore indicates the absence of a crustal root beneath the Rwenzori block. Beneath the Lake Edward and Lake George
basins we detect the top of a layer of significantly reduced S-wave velocity at 15 km depth. This low-velocity layer may be
attributed to the presence of partial melt beneath a region of recent volcanic activity. 相似文献
19.
南海北部陆缘地壳结构特征及其构造过程 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据“北部湾大陆缘地壳结构ＰＳ转换波测深”等地球物理测量结果,本文研究了南海北部陆缘的地壳结构特征,讨论了其白垩纪以来的构造过程。地球物理测量表明,由陆向海,南海北部陆缘地壳由陆壳、过渡壳变为洋壳,厚度由３４ｋｍ减薄至８ｋｍ左右。垂向上地壳为３层结构模式。陆壳、过渡壳和洋壳的下地壳Ｐ波速度普遍较高。地壳伸展系数的计算表明南海北部陆缘伸展主要发育于陆坡地区。结合区域地质研究,本文认为：南海北部陆缘及 相似文献
20.
Claus Prodehl 《Tectonophysics》1981,80(1-4):255-269
The crustal structure of the central European rift system has been investigated by seismic methods with varying success. Only a few investigations deal with the upper-mantle structure. Beneath the Rhinegraben the Moho is elevated, with a minimum depth of 25 km. Below the flanks it is a first-order discontinuity, while within the graben it is replaced by a transition zone with the strongest velocity gradient at 20–22 km depth. An anomalously high velocity of up to 8.6 km/s seems to exist within the underlying upper mantle at 40–50 km depth. A similar structure is also found beneath the Limagnegraben and the young volcanic zones within the Massif Central of France, but the velocity within the upper mantle at 40–50 km depth seems to be slightly lower. Here, the total crustal thickness reaches only 25 km. The crystalline crust becomes extremely thin beneath the southern Rhônegraben, where the sediments reach a thickness of about 10 km while the Moho is found at 24 km depth. The pronounced crustal thinning does not continue along the entire graben system. North of the Rhinegraben in particular the typical graben structure is interrupted by the Rhenohercynian zone with a “normal” West-European crust of 30 km thickness evident beneath the north-trending Hessische Senke. A single-ended profile again indicates a graben-like crustal structure west of the Leinegraben north of the Rhenohercynian zone. No details are available for the North German Plain where the central European rift system disappears beneath a sedimentary sequence of more than 10 km thickness. 相似文献