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1.
川中地区震旦系灯影组储层时代老、埋藏深,经历了多期构造运动和成藏历史。岩芯观察和显微薄片观察结果表明,震旦系灯影组储层经历了六期流体充注,分别是第一世代沥青→第二世代白云石→第三世代粗晶-巨晶白云石→第四世代粗晶-巨晶白云石→第五世代沥青→第六世代方解石/石英,每期矿物中对应的流体包裹体特征记录了震旦系从早期形成的古油藏被破坏→古油气藏再形成→油裂解气和古气藏形成→水溶气形成→现今气藏形成的成藏事件和完整的成藏过程。第二世代-第四世代矿物形成于深埋过程中,是古油气藏形成期的产物,矿物的Sr、C、O稳定同位素表明向震旦系灯影组充注的流体主要是外源流体,具有从深部向浅部流动运移的特征;第六世代矿物所记录的水溶气的形成,也是震旦系最重要的成藏事件;现今的震旦系灯影组气藏主要是晚白垩世以来的构造隆升导致的水溶气脱溶聚集以及油气藏调整和改造的结果。  相似文献   

2.
受震旦纪末期桐湾运动影响,四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩因遭受大气降水岩溶作用而发育了丰富的溶蚀孔隙。虽然经历了漫长的埋藏成岩演化过程,深层灯影组白云岩中仍见有丰富的储集空间未被成岩矿物充填而保存下来。通过对钻井及野外剖面进行系统岩石矿物学研究发现,储集空间保存段是灯影组上部的沥青显示段;而没有沥青的下部白云岩中的孔隙空间多被白云石等成岩矿物所充填。对林1井研究发现,上部沥青发育段白云岩储层孔隙度多大于3.0%,最高可达10.6%,平均为4.0%;但下部沥青不发育的自生白云石充填段孔隙度一般都小于3.0%,平均为1.95%。下部白云岩段溶蚀孔洞中自孔洞边缘向中心,所充填的白云石中流体包裹体均一温度从120℃逐渐增加至238℃;电子探针分析Fe、Mn平均含量从0.063%和0.025%逐渐升高至0.35%和0.108%;氧同位素组成δ18 OVPDB从-6.8‰逐渐降低至-11.2‰;表明了下部沥青未充填段成岩充填作用在埋藏过程中持续进行。油气充注改变了白云岩储层中的成岩流体环境并抑制了成岩矿物的形成;在后期埋藏过程,油逐渐转变成沥青覆盖在孔洞壁周围,也抑制了成岩矿物的沉淀形成;因而在现今沥青存在的深层白云岩储层中仍有丰富的孔隙空间保存下来。  相似文献   

3.
川中安岳构造寒武系龙王庙组油气成藏史   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
本文从岩芯和薄片观察入手,利用阴极发光分析、流体包裹体分析、激光拉曼分析、充填物的稳定同位素分析、磷灰石裂变径迹年代学分析等技术手段,确定了龙王庙组储层的胶结充填序列、油气成藏历史。龙王庙组储层中可以识别出7个期次的胶结充填序列:海底环境纤维状白云石胶结→浅埋藏环境粒状白云石胶结→表生成岩环境渗流粉砂白云石充填→再次浅埋藏-中埋藏环境白云石充填→深埋藏环境白云石充填→深埋藏环境方解石充填→抬升埋藏环境石英充填,通过所识别出的胶结充填物的流体包裹体特征以及和沥青之间的关系,认为龙王庙组存在至少5期油气成藏。第Ⅳ期白云石-第Ⅶ期石英中捕获的流体包裹体的相态也从液烃包裹体→气液两相烃类包裹体→气相烃类包裹体演化,反映了龙王庙组经历了古油藏形成、古油藏破坏、再次形成古油藏、油裂解为天然气、古气藏形成和喜马拉雅期构造隆升期气藏调整定型的过程;磷灰石裂变径迹分析表明,安岳构造喜马拉雅期的隆升幅度约1865~2030m,为龙王庙组气藏的调整和定型期,这一成藏事件被晚期充填的第Ⅶ期石英所记录。龙王庙组储层中第Ⅳ期白云石充填物的87Sr/86Sr、δ13C、δ18O同位素比值反映了该期白云石与围岩基质的重溶沉淀有关,且是在相对温度较高的埋藏条件下沉淀的。晚期孔洞缝中充填石英的87Sr/86Sr、δ30Si、δ18O同位素表明其主要源于含硅质的成岩流体,与深部幔源热液流体活动无关,龙王庙组油气成藏过程中未见外来破坏性流体的参与。  相似文献   

4.
本文以四川盆地川东北地区灯四段储层为研究对象，基于区内丰富的野外露头和钻井取心资料，结合扫描电镜、阴极发光和地化分析等测试手段，对灯四段储层成岩作用、成岩演化序列和储层孔隙演化进行了详细研究。结果表明：灯四段碳酸盐岩储层在沉积作用和成岩作用过程中广泛地受到孔隙流体和成岩变化的影响，依序经历海底胶结作用、同生-准同生大气淡水溶蚀作用、早成岩期相控岩溶作用、浅埋藏期胶结充填作用、中-深埋藏期溶蚀作用、重结晶作用和构造破裂作用等。其中，由于复杂的成岩流体影响，主要的胶结充填作用表现为五期白云石充填和两期与火山-热液活动相关的硅质充填，对储层破坏最为严重。而早成岩期相控岩溶作用则是灯四段储层形成的最关键建设性成岩作用，与典型表生岩溶作用表现出明显的差别。川东北地区灯四段储层在这些成岩作用的动态叠加中，最终形成现今的储集面貌。研究结果可为寻找区域优质储层提供更科学的地质依据。  相似文献   

5.
深层海相碳酸盐岩油气成藏普遍具有多源多期的特征，复杂成藏过程的准确剖析对油气的高效勘探具有重要的指导意义。为了确定川东南平桥地区寒武系洗象池群油气成藏过程，针对多期次储层孔洞缝充填物，开展了阴极发光、元素和同位素、流体包裹体捕获古温压和沥青激光拉曼光谱等分析测试。研究结果表明：储层多期矿物充填序列表现为第一世代白云石、第二世代方解石和晚期石英；沥青广泛分布于基质白云岩溶孔及第一世代白云石晶粒间，同时白云石发育沥青包裹体和气包裹体；第二世代方解石捕获了原生和次生甲烷包裹体。碳、氧、锶同位素和稀土元素分析表明成岩矿物流体来源以储层流体为主，方解石形成与有机流体参与相关。储层沥青和沥青包裹体的热成熟度Ro主要分布于2.90%～3.59%,结合与沥青包裹体伴生的盐水包裹体均一温度及烃源岩生烃史，推断沥青来源于下寒武统筇竹寺组液态烃充注洗象池群后热裂解干气阶段伴生的焦沥青。方解石中原生甲烷包裹体捕获压力集中分布于55.8～81.7 MPa(捕获温度198～203℃),指示埋藏期液态烃热裂解干气阶段压力系数为1.06～1.56,具有中等超压特征；次生甲烷包裹体捕获压力分布于4...  相似文献   

6.
博兴洼陷东南部沙四段储层的流体史研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
荣启宏 《矿物岩石》2004,24(2):61-66
通过成岩矿物的世代关系、流体包襄体研究和荧光检测，重现了研究区沙四段深部(2700m～3000m)和浅部(1600m～2700m)流体活动和油气充注历史。流体充注过程为：晚成岩阶段早期富含有机质的酸性流体形成和运移，碳酸盐矿物溶解和次生孔隙形成→东营末期第一期石油运移→第一期盐水流体运移和石英沉淀结晶→馆陶期—明化镇期开始第二期石油运移→第二期盐水流体运移和新的石英结晶。浅部储层中缺少第一期石油充注和第二期盐水流体充注。盐水流体可能与油田底水或边水相当。富含有机的酸性流体与岩石作用时，矿物的溶蚀有利于次生孔隙的形成。  相似文献   

7.
基于川东北龙岗东地区长兴组-飞仙关组岩石学特征研究,结合储层段白云岩和非储层段海相沉积灰岩及其充填矿物的稀土元素、流体包裹体、激光拉曼等分析,认为该地区二叠系-三叠系地层中存在鞍状白云石-黄铁矿、萤石-石英等热液矿物组合,对应的流体包裹体均一化温度均高于正常地层温度。所有长兴组-飞仙关组储层段白云岩样品均具有与海相沉积灰岩相同的Ce显著正异常特征,而大部分则具有与鞍状白云石相似的REE配分曲线特征,呈显著Eu正异常。热液矿物萤石和石英内普遍具有含沥青包裹体,为龙潭组生油高峰所捕获到的含油包裹体高温裂解后的产物。根据矿物占位关系和油气充注时期,可将该区热液活动划分为两期,第一期对应晚二叠世-早三叠世,作用方式为热液流体对白云岩储层形成的促进作用和后期改造作用;第二期对应晚三叠世,作用方式为鞍状白云石、石英、萤石对储渗空间的充填作用。晚二叠世-早三叠世初期活跃的张性深大断裂可以为热液流体的活动提供运移通道。  相似文献   

8.
川西南中二叠统中粗晶白云石流体来源分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
四川盆地西南地区中二叠统地层在埋藏过程中发生了较高程度的白云岩化。通过野外剖面观察和详细的薄片岩石学研究,在中二叠统白云岩储层中识别出了四种类型的白云石（包括三种基质交代白云石和一种白云石胶结物）:1）粉晶白云石,宏观上主要呈层状发育,晶粒小于50 μm,平直镜面半自形晶-非平直晶面它形晶;2）细晶白云石,晶粒大小为50~250 μm,平直晶面半自形晶-自形晶;3）中粗晶白云石,宏观上可见溶蚀孔洞和裂缝发育,其中充填白色的白云石胶结物、方解石胶结物等,晶粒大小为250 μm~2 mm,非平直晶面它形晶;4）白云石胶结物,以胶结物的形式在裂缝和溶蚀孔洞中发育,晶粒大小变化较大,具有明显的波状消光。利用不同矿物之间的接触和切割关系,结合阴极发光和扫描电镜等手段,确定了几种白云石和相关成岩矿物的形成时序,确立四川盆地西南地区中二叠统白云岩的成岩演化序列。即从成岩早期到晚期,依次形成（或发生成岩作用）了粉晶白云石、早期溶蚀作用、细晶白云石、中粗晶白云石、水力压裂缝、白云石胶结物、石英、方解石脉、缝合线、晚期溶蚀和沥青充填。通过地球化学和包裹体分析,发现中粗晶白云石和白云石胶结物具有相似的地球化学特征,即明显偏负的氧同位素、大于同期海水的Sr同位素,成岩流体具有较高的温度和盐度,表明其成岩流体具有典型的热液性质。原始灰岩和早期白云岩经热液改造,重结晶为中粗晶白云石,并在裂缝和溶蚀孔洞中沉淀鞍形白云石胶结物。  相似文献   

9.
塔里木盆地顺南地区多口钻井揭示在白云岩储层中天然气富集成藏,但白云岩储层的成因存在争议。顺南501井鹰山组取芯段发育白云岩储层,为研究该地区白云岩储层成因提供了条件。通过岩芯观察与描述、显微岩石学、成岩作用与序列研究、基于铸体薄片的孔隙图像分析、计算机断层扫描、电子探针背散射成像与微量元素Fe、Mn定量、流体包裹体等技术手段,研究了白云岩储层特征与成因。结果表明,白云岩储层类型为裂缝-孔隙型,主要储集空间为裂缝-扩溶缝、晶间孔-晶间溶孔,孔隙发育与裂缝具有明显相关关系。热液矿物萤石与方解石呈共生关系充填于裂缝与孔隙空间。裂缝与孔隙附近的白云石、白云石环边以及与萤石共生的方解石均具有较高的FeO、MnO含量。萤石发育成群无色透明盐水包裹体,均一温度为165℃~175℃、盐度为15.5~17.5 wt.% NaCl equiv.。热液流体活动对围岩的改造导致局部方解石、白云石富Fe2+、Mn2+,同时提供了萤石结晶所需要的F-。一方面热液流体改造白云岩形成储集空间,另一方面以萤石与方解石为代表的热液矿物则充填裂缝与孔隙。因此,构造-热液流体活动在一定程度上影响了白云岩储集空间的形成。  相似文献   

10.
油气储层埋藏成岩过程中的地球化学热力学   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
于炳松  林畅松 《沉积学报》2009,27(5):896-903
成岩作用是影响油气储层质量的重要因素,而对于埋藏过程中各种化学成岩作用的有效预测直接关系到储层的评价和预测。为了探索油气储层埋藏成岩过程中主要成岩作用对储层质量影响的预测方法,本文利用地球化学热力学的理论,分析了影响储层质量的主要化学成岩作用,包括砂岩中长石的溶解作用、碳酸盐矿物的溶解与沉淀作用和方解石—白云石的转化作用,建立其埋藏条件下溶解—沉淀的地球化学热力学模型。通过这些模型,试图利用地球化学趋势定量地预测砂岩储层次生孔隙的发育趋势、碳酸盐岩埋藏岩溶—充填趋势和埋藏白云石化趋势,为储层评价预测提供理论依据。  相似文献   

11.
The Bismark deposit (8.5 Mt at 8% Zn, 0.5% Pb, 0.2% Cu, and 50 g/t Ag) located in northern Mexico is an example of a stock-contact skarn end member of a continuum of deposit types collectively called high-temperature, carbonate-replacement deposits. The deposit is hosted by massive sulfide within altered limestone adjacent to the Bismark quartz monzonite stock (~42 Ma) and the Bismark fault. Alteration concurrently developed in both the intrusion and limestone. The former contains early potassic alteration comprising K-feldspar and biotite, which was overprinted by kaolinite-rich veins and alteration and later quartz, sericite, and pyrite with minor sphalerite and chalcopyrite. Prograde exoskarn alteration in the limestone consists of green andradite and diopside, and transitional skarn comprising red-brown andradite, green hedenbergite and minor vesuvinite, calcite, fluorite, and quartz. The main ore stage post-dates calc-silicate minerals and comprises sphalerite and galena with gangue pyrite, pyrrhotite, calcite, fluorite, and quartz. The entire hydrothermal system developed synchronously with faulting. Fluid inclusion studies reveal several distinct temporal, compositional, and thermal populations in pre-, syn- and post-ore quartz, fluorite, and calcite. The earliest primary fluid inclusions are coexisting vapor-rich (type 2A) and halite-bearing (type 3A; type 3B contain sylvite) brine inclusions (32 to >60 total wt% salts) that occur in pre-ore fluorite. Trapping temperatures are estimated to have been in excess of 400 °C under lithostatic pressures of ~450 bar (~1.5 km depth). Primary fluid inclusions trapped in syn-ore quartz display critical to near critical behavior (type 1C), have moderate salinity (8.4 to 10.9 wt% NaCl equiv.) and homogenization temperatures (Th) ranging from 351 to 438 °C. Liquid-rich type 1A and 1B (calcite-bearing) inclusions occur as primary to secondary inclusions predominantly in fluorite and show a range in Th (104–336 °C) and salinity (2.7–11.8 wt% NaCl equiv.), which at the higher Th and salinity ranges overlap with type 1C inclusions. Oxygen isotope analysis was carried out on garnet, quartz, and calcite (plus carbon isotopes) in pre-, syn-, post-ore, and peripheral veins. Pre-ore skarn related garnets have a δ18Omineral range between 3.9 and 8.4‰. Quartz from the main ore stage range between 13.6 and 16.0‰. Calcite from the main ore stage has δ13C values of –2.9 to –5.1‰ and δ18O values of 12.3 to 14.1‰, which are clearly distinct from post-ore veins and peripheral prospects that have much higher δ18O (16.6–27.3‰) and δ13C (1.3–3.1‰) values. Despite the numerous fluid inclusion types, only two fluid sources can be inferred, namely a magmatic fluid and an external fluid that equilibrated with limestone. Furthermore, isotopic data does not indicate any significant mixing between the two fluids, although fluid inclusion data may be interpreted otherwise. Thus, the various fluid types were likely to have formed from varying pressure–temperature conditions through faulting during exsolution of magmatic fluids. Late-stage hydrothermal fluid activity was dominated by the non-magmatic fluids and was post-ore.  相似文献   

12.
贵州太平洞金矿床流体包裹体特征及流体不混溶机制   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  
太平洞金矿床是兴仁-安龙金矿带灰家堡金矿区的重要卡林型金矿之一。流体包裹体研究证明,石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-黄铁矿-毒砂阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-方解石-雄黄阶段(Ⅲ)的包裹体类型丰富,以气液水两相包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体和纯液相水包裹体为主,CO2两相包裹体、纯气相有机质包裹体和有机质-H2O包裹体次之,偶见气液有机质包裹体。由Ⅰ→Ⅱ→Ⅲ阶段,气液水包裹体均一温度(200～260℃→180～240℃→100～160℃)呈现逐渐降低的趋势。在Ⅰ阶段的石英中,只在局部偶见到CO2-H2O包裹体和气液两相水包裹体共生;在Ⅱ阶段的石英中,纯液相水包裹体、气液两相盐水包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体、CO2包裹体及纯气相有机质包裹体共存,它们共生在同一平面中且气液两相盐水包裹体和CO2-H2O包裹体测温数据相差不大,说明当时捕获的是不均匀成矿流体,它是由含有机质的成矿流体经历了CO2-低盐度水的不混溶作用形成的。因而认为,太平洞金矿床中成矿早期流体不混溶作用不明显,主成矿阶段流体的不混溶作用是导致金矿质沉淀的重要原因。  相似文献   

13.
Fluid inclusions in granite quartz and three generations of veins indicate that three fluids have affected the Caledonian Galway Granite. These fluids were examined by petrography, microthermometry, chlorite thermometry, fluid chemistry and stable isotope studies. The earliest fluid was a H2O-CO2-NaCl fluid of moderate salinity (4–10 wt% NaCl eq.) that deposited late-magmatic molybdenite mineralised quartz veins (V1) and formed the earliest secondary inclusions in granite quartz. This fluid is more abundant in the west of the batholith, corresponding to a decrease in emplacement depth. Within veins, and to the east, this fluid was trapped homogeneously, but in granite quartz in the west it unmixed at 305–390 °C and 0.7–1.8 kbar. Homogeneous quartz δ18O across the batholith (9.5 ± 0.4‰n = 12) suggests V1 precipitation at high temperatures (perhaps 600 °C) and pressures (1–3 kbar) from magmatic fluids. Microthermometric data for V1 indicate lower temperatures, suggesting inclusion volumes re-equilibrated during cooling. The second fluid was a H2O-NaCl-KCl, low-moderate salinity (0–10 wt% NaCl eq.), moderate temperature (270–340 °C), high δD (−18 ± 2‰), low δ18O (0.5–2.0‰) fluid of meteoric origin. This fluid penetrated the batholith via quartz veins (V2) which infill faults active during post-consolidation uplift of the batholith. It forms the most common inclusion type in granite quartz throughout the batholith and is responsible for widespread retrograde alteration involving chloritization of biotite and hornblende, sericitization and saussuritization of plagioclase, and reddening of K-feldspar. The salinity was generated by fluid-rock interactions within the granite. Within granite quartz this fluid was trapped at 0.5–2.3 kbar, having become overpressured. This fluid probably infiltrated the Granite in a meteoric-convection system during cooling after intrusion, but a later age cannot be ruled out. The final fluid to enter the Granite and its host rocks was a H2O-NaCl-CaCl2-KCl fluid with variable salinity (8–28 wt% NaCl eq.), temperature (125–205 °C), δD (−17 to −45‰), δ18O (−3 to + 1.2‰), δ13CCO2 (−19 to 0‰) and δ34Ssulphate (13–23‰) that deposited veins containing quartz, fluorite, calcite, barite, galena, chalcopyrite sphalerite and pyrite (V3). Correlations of salinity, temperature, δD and δ18O are interpreted as the result of mixing of two fluid end-members, one a high-δD (−17 to −8‰), moderate-δ18O (1.2–2.5‰), high-δ13CCO2 (> −4‰), low-δ34Ssulphate (13‰), high-temperature (205–230 °C), moderate-salinity (8–12 wt% NaCl eq.) fluid, the other a low-δD (−61 to −45‰), low-δ18O (−5.4 to −3‰), low-δ13C (<−10‰), high-δ34Ssulphate (20–23‰) low-temperature (80–125 °C), high-salinity (21–28 wt% NaCl eq.) fluid. Geochronological evidence suggests V3 veins are late Triassic; the high-δD end-member is interpreted as a contemporaneous surface fluid, probably mixed meteoric water and evaporated seawater and/or dissolved evaporites, whereas the low-δD end-member is interpreted as a basinal brine derived from the adjacent Carboniferous sequence. This study demonstrates that the Galway Granite was a locus for repeated fluid events for a variety of reasons; from expulsion of magmatic fluids during the final stages of crystallisation, through a meteoric convection system, probably driven by waning magmatic heat, to much later mineralisation, concentrated in its vicinity due to thermal, tectonic and compositional properties of granite batholiths which encourage mineralisation long after magmatic heat has abated. Received: 3 April 1996 / Accepted: 5 May 1997  相似文献   

14.
This study focuses on the thermodynamics of diagenetic fluid from the Eogene Xingouzui Formation which represents the most important reservoir in Field Oil T in the Jianghan Basin. The measured homogenization temperatures (110–139 °C) of fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals fell within the range of 67 –155 °C at the middle diagenetic stage. The pressure of diagenetic fluid is estimated at 10.2 –56 MPa. The activity of ions in the fluid shows a tendency of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ > Fe3+ > Fe2+ for cations, and HCO 3 − > SO 4 2− > F− > Cl− > CO 3 2− for anions. For the gaseous facies, there is a tendency of CO2> CO> H2S> CH4> H2. According to the thermodynamic calculations, the pH and Eh of the fluid are 5.86–6.47 and −0.73–−0.64V, respectively. As a result of the interaction between such a diagenetic fluid and minerals in the sediments, feldspars were dissolved or alterated by other minerals. The clay mineral kaolinite was instable and hence was replaced by illite and chloritoid. This project was jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (49133080) and the Open Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.  相似文献   

15.
云南毛坪铅锌(银、锗)矿床是川滇黔成矿域滇东北地区以碳酸盐岩为主岩的中-大型铅锌(银)矿床的典型代表。矿体空间分布严格受 NE 向层间断裂带和猫猫山倒转背斜的控制。主要脉石矿物(铁方解石、方解石及白云岩)中的流体包裹体发育,一般较小(3～15μm),主要为纯液相和液相包裹体,常沿矿物结晶面密集成群展布。成矿流体属 Na~ -K~ -Ca~(2 )-CI~- -F~- 型,流体包裹体均一温度为180～218(C,盐度为4.1 wt%～9.5 wt% NaCl,成矿压力为406×10~5～570×10~5Pa。在主要脉石矿物流体包裹体中,Na~ /K~ (1.54～4.53)与 Cl~-/F~-(0.72～156.33)较高,而重晶石流体包裹体中 Na~ /K~ (0.32～8.36)与 Cl~-/F~-(1.06～16.77)较低。成矿流体的(D 为-23‰～-64‰,方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿中流体包体(~(18)O_(v-SMOW)依次为0.3‰～6.2‰,-9.0‰～3.4‰和-6.8‰～-12.7‰。脉石矿物的(~(13)C_(v-PDB)为-1.1‰～-3.7‰。以上信息更好地揭示了成矿流体是变质水、岩浆水和建造水混合的产物,它们与沉积作用、昆阳群基底的变质作用及岩浆热液作用有关。该矿床本身可能是富含铅、锌、银等成矿流体对流循环沿构造"贯入"而成。该矿床不同于典型的 MVT 型铅锌矿床,是一碳酸盐岩为主岩的铅锌多金属硫化物矿床。  相似文献   

16.
山西灵丘县刁泉银铜矿流体包裹体特征及成矿流体演化   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
牛斯达  李胜荣  张聚全  王志华 《岩石学报》2014,30(11):3432-3442
刁泉银铜矿位于华北克拉通中北部,燕山造山带与太行山造山带的交切部位,为一矽卡岩型银铜矿,其成矿作用从早到晚划分为矽卡岩期、石英-硫化物期、碳酸盐期3个成矿期,并可进一步划分为5个成矿阶段.本文对石榴子石矽卡岩,含石英脉花岗岩、蚀变斑状花岗岩、黑云母石英二长岩等岩石以及矿石中的石榴子石、石英、方解石开展了详细的流体包裹体特征观察、测温及激光拉曼光谱研究.该矿床流体包裹体类型丰富,主要类型有富气相包裹体、富液相包裹体和含子晶包裹体.石榴子石和石英中的流体由高温高盐度流体和较低温中低盐度流体两种组分构成,方解石中主要为低温低盐度流体.石英流体气液两相包裹体均一温度峰值出现于200~220℃区间.石榴子石中不同类型包裹体有近似的均一温度(380~420℃),表明矽卡岩期流体的沸腾及其在矿液沉淀和矿质卸载上的重要性.该矿床流体包裹体的盐度(%NaCleqv)整体变化范围很大,介于0.2%~64.0%,从早期到晚期均一温度和盐度均呈下降趋势.石榴子石中流体包裹体密度分布于两个区间,而其在石英中的密度分布范围较广,在方解石中的密度分布则最为集中.估算矽卡岩期流体包裹体最低捕获压力为23~66MPa,按照静岩压力计算对应的流体深度为0.9~2.6km;石英-硫化物期5~46MPa,按照静水压力计算的流体深度为0.5~4.6km,Mo矿化主要发生在1~3km,而Cu-Ag矿化主要发生在0.5~1.5km.刁泉银铜矿为一与浅成低温热液有关的矽卡岩型矿床.  相似文献   

17.
中国西南部云南兰坪盆地因金顶Zn-Pn矿床和新发现的白秧坪超大型Cu-Co-Ag矿床而驰名。金顶矿床以白垩系和第三系陆相碎屑岩为主岩,拥有2亿吨矿石,平均品位Zn6.08%、Pb1.29%(1500万吨金属),是目前中国最大的Zn-Pb矿床,也是世界上形成时代最新且唯一产于陆相沉积岩容矿的超大型Zn-Pb矿床。不同于世界上人们公认的沉积岩容矿基本类型,即SST、MVT和Sedex型,金顶矿床也许代表了Zn-Pb矿床的一个新类型。通常认为兰坪盆地大规模成矿流体起源于盆地卤水,流体流动以重力驱动为主,压力体系接近静水压力。但基于矿田内水压破裂观察、流体包裹体研究和盆地流体动力学模拟,我们认为深部超压流体的注入对整个成矿系统起着重要作用。闪锌矿及相关脉石矿物(石英、天青石、方解石、石膏)中流体包裹体观测的均一温度主体在110～150℃,盐度(质量分数)在1.6%～18.0%NaCl;在时间上,大规模成矿主要阶段伴随着流体温度的不断升高和盐度的逐渐降低;在空间上,金顶矿区空间上从东到西,成矿流体温度明显降低,盐度系统性升高。富CO2流体包裹体揭示成矿流体曾高达(513～1364)×105Pa,大大高于静水压力。数值模拟表明,盆地沉积和压实产生的流体超压可以忽略,区域构造推覆也不足以产生如此高的流体压力。我们认为成矿流体超压很可能是幔源流体注入引起的;幔源含矿的相对高温低盐度流体沿导矿构造注入金顶穹隆构造-岩性圈闭并与其中富H2S的相对低温高盐度卤水混合是兰坪盆地大规模成矿的关键动力学过程。这个特殊的流体动力学过程和成矿系统,使兰坪盆地的成矿有别于世界其他沉积盆地已知的成矿作用。  相似文献   

18.
胡传胜 《地质与勘探》2014,50(6):1164-1172
满都拉探矿区位于蒙古国南戈壁省满都拉苏木。矿区地表中元古界白云岩中出露大面积含孔雀石、蓝铜矿和辉铜矿的硅化蚀变带,含铜矿物与石英脉在空间上紧密共生,石英中的流体包裹体可能保留了原生成矿流体特征。为确定其成矿地质体和成因类型,指导后续找矿工作,本文对硅化蚀变带中的石英进行了流体包裹体研究。根据石英中包裹体的产状可将包裹体分为早晚两个阶段,早阶段富含CO2(C型)和水溶液(W型)包裹体,偶见含子矿物(S型)包裹体,流体均一温度为195~384℃,盐度为2.77%~21.37%Na Cl.eqv,反映了原生成矿流体的特征。晚阶段仅出现水溶液(W型)包裹体,流体均一温度集中在95~213℃,盐度为1.27%~12.63%Na Cl.eqv。流体由早阶段的中高温、中盐度、富CO2流体向晚阶段低温、低盐度、贫CO2流体演化。据此推测成矿流体可能为岩浆流体,流体形成深度大约在5.7 km以上。  相似文献   

19.
Fluid inclusions, ranging from pure N2 to pure CO2, occur in olivine porphyroclasts in spinel dunite xenoliths (chrome-diopside suite) from two localities within the Quaternary to Historic alkaline lavas of Lanzarote, Canary Islands. This is the first report of fluid inclusions containing major amounts of N2 in mantle xenoliths. The nitrogen-rich fluid inclusions predate at least one generation of nitrogen-free carbon dioxide inclusions; textural evidence indicates that the inclusions were trapped within the upper mantle. Some of the nitrogen-rich fluid inclusions are intimately associated with solid inclusions of spinel. The nitrogen-rich fluid was most likely produced in-situ, by oxidation-dehydration reactions destabilizing ammonium-bearing silicate minerals (phlogopite, amphibole), increasing oxygen fugacity or, possibly, increasing temperature of the mantle. This process could be related to an event of CO2 and silicate melt injection at 6–8 kbar (Neumann et al., in press), or to some earlier event in the evolution of the mantle beneath Lanzarote. The existence of a N2-rich fluid phase in at least some mantle lithology(ies) at certain conditions is demonstrated by these data. This discovery has consequences for the understanding of the evolution of the mantle below the Canary Islands, as well as for the global nitrogen budget.  相似文献   

20.
The Archean Eye Dashwa Lakes pluton (2672±24 Ma) has domains of mineralogically fresh isotropic granite, domains that have undergone bulk hydrothermal alteration, and at least eleven sets of sequential fracture arrays, each with distinctive mineral assemblages. Fresh granite is characterized by whole rock 18O=8.1 to 8.6 and primary magmatic quartz-feldspar (+1.3), quartz-biotite (5.2 to 5.4) and quartz-magnetite (+9.8) fractionations. Magmatic fluids had a calculated isotopic composition of 18O=7.9±0.5, and D=–80±5. These isotropic volumes of the granite have not experienced significant incursion of external thermal waters. Pegmatites, quartz-molybdenite veins, and phlogopite-muscovite coated fractures are sporadically distributed in the granite, and were precipitated from high-temperature magmatic fluids where 18O=8.0 to 10.3 and D=–80±5.The most abundant variety of fracture filling assemblage is epidote-quartz-chlorite±muscovite: fractures are bounded by domains of mineralogically similar bulk hydrothermal alteration of the granite. These minerals formed at 160 to 280° C, in the presence of NaCl, and NaCl-MgCl2 brines (up to 25 wt% NaCl equivalent) of probable evolved marine water origin ( 18O=+0.4 to +3.8, D=–10 to –35) undergoing transient boiling. Upper plateau 40Ar/39Ar ages for the muscovite are 2650±15 Ma. Sequentially in the chronology of fracture-infiltration events, calcite-fluorite veins were deposited from boiling fluids at 340 to 390° C, isotopically characterized by 18O=4.7 and 13C=–5; and rare prehnite-chlorite lined fractures formed at 250 to 290° C. A generation of adularia-bearing veins precipitated at 140 to 230° C, from CaCl2-NaCl brines, where 18O=0 to –6.5 and D=–10 to –30. Incremental 40Ar/39Ar age spectra on the K-feldspar yield an upper plateau of 1100 Ma. Subsequently, hematite developed during reactivation of earlier fractures, at 140 to 210° C in the presence of fluids characterized by 18O=–0.4 to –5.4 and D=–15 to –25. Arrays of open fractures partially occupied by gypsum and goethite reflect a fluid infiltration event at temperatures <50° C. Many of the earlier generations of fracture minerals have transgranular fracture infillings which record the presence of low temperature (88–190° C), hypersaline CaCl2-NaCl brines. Narrow fractures lined with clays±calcite are sites for seepage of modern ground-waters. The isotopic signature of clay ( 18O=12 to 20, D=–80±5) plots near the line for modern kaolinites, confirming its formation in the presence of recent surface waters. Calcites coexisting with the clay minerals, and in fractured pegmatite show a common isotopic signature ( 18O=23±0.5, 13C=–13.6), indicating precipitation from modern groundwaters, where reactivated fractures have acted as conduits for infiltration of surface waters to depths of 200 m. Intermittent fracture-infiltration has occurred over 2.7 Ga. The early sequences of fracture-related fluid flow are interpreted in terms of devolatilization of the granite, followed by thermal contraction fracturing, incursion of marine water and convective cooling in the Archean. Hematite and adularia fracture fillings correspond to a stage when meteoric water infiltrated the volcanicplutonic terrain during Proterozoic and later times. Episodic fracture-fluid expulsion events may have been driven by seismic pumping, in response to magmatically and tectonically induced stresses within the Shield, with surface waters penetrating to depths of 15 km in the crust.  相似文献   

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