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1.
《海洋通报》2015,(1)
利用基于客观分析方法重构的Argo网格资料(未同化其他观测资料),分析探讨了2004年1月-2011年12月期间太平洋海域(60°S-60°N、120°E-80°W)盐度气候态分布特征与变化规律。结果表明,分别位于南、北亚热带海域的两个高盐(北部约为35.2,南部为36.4左右)中心,呈马鞍形的双峰分布,对称中心不在赤道,而是偏北12个纬度;在南、北纬40°附近海域,盐度等值线十分密集,形成"极锋";在新西兰东南海域存在低盐水由南向北的入侵现象,且由表层至1 000 m深层终年存在。盐度在亚极地海域每年大致呈一高一低的周期性变化,亚北极海域更明显,最高盐度值出现在每年的4月份,最低盐度值则出现在每年的9月份,高低盐度差在0.30~0.45之间。表层以下,盐度的周期性变化远不如表层明显,至500 m中层,整个太平洋海域的盐度最大变幅不超过0.10。赤道海域的表层盐度在2007年和2010年分别有明显的异常减小,最大振幅约为0.8,年际变化周期约为3年;北副热带和亚北极海域的表层,盐度表现出3-6个月的年际振荡,振幅约为0.2;中层盐度几乎没有明显的异常变化。 相似文献
2.
本文利用Argo表层盐度、OSCAR海流等数据,基于盐度收支方程的平流输送项来阐述海洋平流输送对热带印度洋表层盐度的调整作用;利用淡水输运量计算公式揭示6条关键断面海洋平流输送对表层盐度空间结构的调整机制。结果表明,海洋平流将赤道西印度洋和阿拉伯海的高盐水输送到低盐海域的赤道东印度洋和孟加拉湾、安达曼海;将赤道东印度洋和孟加拉湾、安达曼海的低盐水输送到高盐海域的赤道西印度洋、阿拉伯海以及赤道南印度洋海域,起到了调整印度洋盐度基本平衡的作用。断面淡水输运量的分析结果表明,导致苏门答腊岛西部海域的强降水中心与低盐中心不重合,澳大利亚西部海域的强蒸发中心与高盐中心不重合的主要原因是水平环流所致;夏季,来自赤道西印度洋和阿拉伯海的高盐水在西南季风环流的驱动下,入侵孟加拉湾,是导致孟加拉湾夏季表层盐度较高的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
利用基于客观分析方法重构的Argo网格资料（未同化其他观测资料）,分析探讨了2004年1月-2011年12月期间太平洋海域（60°S-60°N、120°E-80°W）盐度气候态分布特征与变化规律。结果表明,分别位于南、北亚热带海域的两个高盐（北部约为35.2,南部为36.4左右）中心,呈马鞍形的双峰分布,对称中心不在赤道,而是偏北12个纬度;在南、北纬40°附近海域,盐度等值线十分密集,形成“极锋”;在新西兰东南海域存在低盐水由南向北的入侵现象,且由表层至1000 m深层终年存在。盐度在亚极地海域每年大致呈一高一低的周期性变化,亚北极海域更明显,最高盐度值出现在每年的4月份,最低盐度值则出现在每年的9月份,高低盐度差在0.30~0.45之间。表层以下,盐度的周期性变化远不如表层明显,至500 m中层,整个太平洋海域的盐度最大变幅不超过0.10。赤道海域的表层盐度在2007年和2010年分别有明显的异常减小,最大振幅约为0.8,年际变化周期约为3年;北副热带和亚北极海域的表层,盐度表现出3-6个月的年际振荡,振幅约为0.2;中层盐度几乎没有明显的异常变化。 相似文献
4.
本文利用2011年8月至2014年3月Aquarius卫星盐度产品结合Argo等实测盐度资料,探讨了孟加拉湾海表盐度的季节及年际变化特征。结果显示,Aquarius与Argo盐度呈显著线性正相关,总体较Argo盐度值低,偏差为-0.13,其中在孟加拉湾北部海域负偏差值比南部海域更大,分别为-0.28和-0.10。Aquarius卫星与Argo浮标在表层盐度观测深度上的差别是造成此系统偏差的主因。Aquarius盐度资料清晰显示了孟加拉湾海表盐度具有明显的季节变化特征,包括阿拉伯海高盐水的入侵引起湾南部海域盐度的变化以及湾北部淡水羽分布范围的季节性迁移等主要特征。此外,分析还揭示了2011(2012)年春季整个湾内出现异常高盐(低盐)现象。研究表明,2010(2011)年湾北部夏季降雨减少(增加)导致该海域海水盐度偏高(偏低),并通过表层环流向南输运引起次年春季湾内表层盐度出现异常高盐(低盐)现象,春季风应力旋度正(负)距平通过影响盐度垂直混合过程对同期表层盐度异常高盐(低盐)变化也有影响。 相似文献
5.
6.
《热带海洋学报》2017,(4)
南海北部航次观测资料显示南海北部表层盐度在2004—2012年期间缓慢降低,2012年盐度达到最低。客观分析数据EN4(the UK Met Office EN.4.0.2 objective analyses)以及OFES(ocean general circulation model for the Earth Simulator)模式结果都显示南海表层海水盐度在1993—2014年有淡化趋势,最显著区域位于吕宋岛以西和南海南部。盐度收支分析表明淡水强迫在吕宋岛以西海域起主要贡献,而水平平流输运主导南海西部的表层盐度变化。吕宋岛以西表层盐度的降低与近年来沃克环流加强引起的夏季强降雨增加有关。 相似文献
7.
《热带海洋学报》2017,(4)
采用Argo以及Aquarius卫星观测的海表盐度月平均资料研究了热带南印度洋海表盐度的季节变化特征。结果表明,在60°—80°E,5°—15°S海域海表盐度具有显著季节变化特征;夏半年盐度升高,冬半年盐度降低;但是其异常中心与降水异常中心不对应,降水不能解释盐度的季节变化。盐度收支分析显示,在夏半年,海表盐度增加的主要原因是经向平流将赤道地区的高盐输送至该地区;其中4—5月期间,海洋垂向卷夹作用加强,对海表高盐异常也起到重要作用。在冬半年,大气降水增加,海洋表层环流使得降水引起的局部低盐水体在该区域辐合;同时,向西的纬向平流将东南印度洋的低盐水体继续输送到该地区,二者对冬半年海表盐度降低都有重要贡献。 相似文献
8.
本文利用Argo盐度、SODA海流量、OAFlux蒸发量和TRMM降水量等数据,采用盐度收支方程定量给出了印度洋混合层盐度的收支,揭示了整个印度洋净淡水通量项、平流项、垂向卷夹项的分布、季节变化特征及其对混合层盐度变化的主要贡献。结果表明,就多年平均而言,平流项负贡献（15.14%）大于正贡献（9.89%）,说明平流输送把低盐水输送到高盐海域,导致印度洋高盐海域混合层的盐度降低。净淡水通量项的分布和季节变化与降水量基本一致,且正贡献（13.70%）大于负贡献（7.81%）,说明净淡水通量项使印度洋的混合层盐度升高（因为多年平均蒸发量大于降水量）。盐度季节变化显著海域的进一步分析表明,6?11月,西南季风漂流把赤道西印度洋的低盐水（相对阿拉伯海高盐水而言）输送到阿拉伯海西部海域,导致该海域的盐度降低。平流输送把孟加拉湾湾口和中部的高盐水带到北部海域,是导致北部海域盐度升高的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
基于历史资料和Argo资料的印尼贯通流次表层和中层水起源与路径探讨 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用Argo资料和《世界海洋数据集2001版》(WOD01)温盐历史资料,通过对代表性等位势面上盐度分布的分析,探讨了次表层和中层等不同层次上印尼贯通流(ITF)的起源与路径问题.分析结果表明,ITF的次表层水源主要来自北太平洋,中层水源地既包括北太平洋、南太平洋,同时也不能排除有印度洋的可能性.在印度尼西亚海域西部,ITF的次表层和中层水源分别为北太平洋热带水(NPTW)和中层水(NPIW),经苏拉威西海、望加锡海峡到达弗洛勒斯海,层次越深特征越明显.在印度尼西亚海域东部,发现哈马黑拉-新几内亚水道附近存在次表层强盐度锋面,阻隔了南太平洋热带水(SPTW)由此进入ITF海域;中层水具有高于NPIW和来自南太平洋的南极中层水(AAIW)的盐度值,既可能是AAIW和SPTW在当地发生剧烈垂直混合而形成,也可能是来自印度洋的AAIW向北延伸进入ITF的结果. 相似文献
10.
以西太平洋为研究区域,利用Argo浮标表层盐度观测值(5 m)对SMAP卫星获得的2016年海表面盐度反演质量进行了评估。首先将西太平洋2016-01—12期间的每日和每月SMAP卫星SSS数据与Argo实测SSS数据进行匹配,然后利用最小二乘线性回归法对其进行相关性分析,并对误差的分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:SMAP SSS与Argo SSS之间具有极显著的正相关关系;每日Argo浮标数据(WMO ID:2901520,WMO ID:2901548)和SMAP SSS的变化趋势基本一致,前者均方根误差(RMSE)、偏差(Bias)和相关系数(r)分别为0.43, 0.34和0.71,后者RMSE,Bias和r分别为0.41,0.26和0.69;研究区域内全年RMSE值处于0～0.35,在西太平洋南部海域偏差较大,这可能是由于该海域小岛众多,缺少Argo实测数据,导致其网格化的盐度存在较大误差。除夏季外,研究区域的大部分海域,RMSE都小于0.25。在海表盐度较低的海域,两者的对比结果误差较大,该现象在夏秋两季尤为显著。 相似文献
11.
The South China Sea(SCS) is the largest semi-enclosed marginal sea in the North Pacific. Salinity changes in the SCS play an important role in regional and global ocean circulation and the hydrological cycle. However, there are few studies on salinity changes over the SCS due to lack of high-quality and long-term observations. In the past decade, the deployment of floats from the Argo program in the SCS and their accumulated temperature and salinity profiles have made it possible for us to examine salinity changes over the entire basin. In this study,salinity changes were investigated with Argo and underwater glider temperature and salinity observations and gridded temperature–salinity objective analyses(UK Met Office Hadley Centre EN4.2.1 objective analysis and China Argo Real-time Data Center BOA_Argo). The results indicated that the subsurface water in the entire SCS became significantly saltier during 2016–2017. The most significant salinity increase was found during 2016 in the northeastern SCS. The subsurface water in the northeastern SCS exhibited a salinity maximum above 35, which was recorded by three Argo floats during 2015–2016. Such high salinity water was rarely observed and reported prior to the Argo era. Average salinity of 2016–2017 along the 25.5σ_θ–23.5σ_θ isopycnal surfaces in the whole SCS is 0.014-0.130 higher than the climatology. Increases in subsurface salinity started from the northeastern SCS and extended southwestward gradually. Moreover, the subsurface salinity changes, especially in the northern SCS,exhibited a semiannual lead behind the subsurface Luzon Strait transport. Further analysis indicated that the predominance of advection, driven by subsurface Luzon Strait transport, led to salinification along the western boundary of the SCS. In other parts of the SCS, negative wind stress curl trends tended to preserve the high salinity characteristics of the subsurface water. 相似文献
12.
Using a gridded array for real-time geostrophic oceanography(Argo) program float dataset, the features of upperocean salinity stratification in the tropical Pacific Ocean are studied. The salinity component of the squared Brunt-V?is?l? frequency N~2( N_S~2) is used to represent salinity stratification. Layer-max N_S~2(LMN), defined as the N_S~2 maximum over the upper 300 m depth, and halocline depth(HD), defined as the depth where the N_S~2 maximum is located, are used to specifically describe the intensity of salinity stratification. Salinity stratification in the Topical Pacific Ocean has both spatial and temporal variability. Over the western and eastern equatorial Pacific, the LMN has a large magnitude with a shallow HD, and both have completely opposite distributions outside of the equatorial region. An obvious seasonal cycle in the LMN occurs in the north side of eastern equatorial Pacific and freshwater flux forcing dominates the seasonal variations, followed by subsurface forcing.At the eastern edge of the western Pacific warm pool around the dateline, significant interannual variation of salinity stratification occurs and is closely related to the El Ni?o Southern Oscillation event. When an El Ni?o event occurs, the precipitation anomaly freshens sea surface and the thermocline shoaling induced by the westerly wind anomaly lifts salty water upward, together contribute to the positive salinity stratification anomaly over the eastern edge of the warm pool. The interannual variations in ocean stratification can slightly affect the propagation of first baroclinic gravity waves. 相似文献
13.
Understanding of the temporal variation of oceanic heat content(OHC) is of fundamental importance to the prediction of climate change and associated global meteorological phenomena. However, OHC characteristics in the Pacific and Indian oceans are not well understood. Based on in situ ocean temperature and salinity profiles mainly from the Argo program, we estimated the upper layer(0–750 m) OHC in the Indo-Pacific Ocean(40°S–40°N, 30°E–80°W). Spatial and temporal variability of OHC and its likely physical mechanisms are also analyzed. Climatic distributions of upper-layer OHC in the Indian and Pacific oceans have a similar saddle pattern in the subtropics, and the highest OHC value was in the northern Arabian Sea. However, OHC variabilities in the two oceans were different. OHC in the Pacific has an east-west see-saw pattern, which does not appear in the Indian Ocean. In the Indian Ocean, the largest change was around 10°S. The most interesting phenomenon is that, there was a long-term shift of OHC in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during 2001–2012. Such variation coincided with modulation of subsurface temperature/salinity. During 2001–2007, there was subsurface cooling(freshening)nearly the entire upper 400 m layer in the western Pacific and warming(salting) in the eastern Pacific. During2008–2012, the thermocline deepened in the western Pacific but shoaled in the east. In the Indian Ocean, there was only cooling(upper 150 m only) and freshening(almost the entire upper 400 m) during 2001–2007. The thermocline deepened during 2008–2012 in the Indian Ocean. Such change appeared from the equator to off the equator and even to the subtropics(about 20°N/S) in the two oceans. This long-term change of subsurface temperature/salinity may have been caused by change of the wind field over the two oceans during 2001–2012, in turn modifying OHC. 相似文献
14.
Newly formed North Pacific Tropical Water (NPTW) is carried to the Philippine Sea (PS) by the North Equatorial Current (NEC) as a subsurface salinity maximum. In this study its spreading and salinity change processes are explored using existing hydrographic data of the World Ocean Database 2009 and Argo floats. Spreading of NPTW is closely associated with the transports of the NEC, Mindanao Current (MC), and Kuroshio. Estimated for subsurface water with salinity S greater than 34.8?psu, the southward (northward) geostrophic transport of NPTW by the MC (Kuroshio) at 8°N (18°N) is about 4.4 (5.7)?Sv (1?Sv?=?106?m3?s?1), which is not sensitive to reference level choice. Fields of salinity maximum, geostrophic current, sea level variation, and potential vorticity suggest that the equatorward spreading of NPTW to the tropics is primarily afforded by the MC, whereas its poleward spreading is achieved by both the Kuroshio transport along the coast and open-ocean mesoscale eddy fluxes in the northern PS. The NPTW also undergoes a prominent freshening in the PS. Lying beneath fresh surface water, salinity decreases quicker in the upper part of the NPTW, which gradually lowers the salinity maximum of NPTW to denser isopycnals. Salinity decrease is especially fast in the MC, with along-path decreasing rate reaching O (10?7?psu?s?1). Both diapycnal and isopycnal mixing effects are shown to be elevated in the MC owing to enhanced salinity gradient near the Mindanao Eddy. These results suggest intensive dispersion of thermal anomalies along the subtropical-to-tropical thermocline water pathway near the western boundary. 相似文献
15.
Isolation of sea surface salinity maps on various timescales in the tropical Pacific Ocean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jian Chen Ren Zhang Huizan Wang Yuzhu An Peng Peng Weitao Zhang 《Journal of Oceanography》2012,68(5):687-701
To isolate sea surface salinity (SSS) maps on seasonal, ENSO, decadal, and long-term trend timescales in the tropical Pacific Ocean, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is applied on an SSS data set covering 1950–2009, concerning three key regions including the western equatorial Pacific Warm Pool (WP), South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), and Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ); then a self-organizing map is performed on the intrinsic mode function maps decomposed by the EEMD, concerning the whole basin. The ENSO and decadal signals concern mainly the western Pacific, in contrast to the seasonal signal mostly notable in the east. (1) The modulated annual cycle has smaller (larger) amplitudes during El Ni?o (La Ni?a) years and later appearance of minima during El Ni?o years; one unique annual cycle is observed at the northwestern edge of the ITCZ lagging the well-known ITCZ cycle by ~3?months. (2) The pronounced 1999–2001 SSS-related La Ni?a event in the SPCZ was reinforced twice by the decadal shift in the 1990s; the eastern Pacific and central Pacific ENSO-related SSS features are compared. (3) The contrasted anomalies between the western equatorial and non-equatorial regions were pronounced during 1977–1996, whereas they were less pronounced during 1971–1976, 2005–2008, and a roughly opposite pattern appeared with strong and abrupt decrease shift prevailing in large areas over the southwestern basin during 1997–2004. (4) The freshening at the western equator and the saltening located east of the SPCZ SSS front together amplify the geographical SSS contrasts exhibited by the WP and SPCZ SSS fronts. 相似文献
16.
The Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) exhibits a decadal variability during recent years, i.e., salinification before 1997 and freshening thereafter, with the maximum anomalies locating at the region of Brazil and Malvinas currents confluence. Our study proposed that the local mesoscale eddies may play an important role in triggering this decadal oscillation. The eddy activity intensification (weakening) leads to the increase (decrease) of poleward cross-frontal eddy salinity flux and upward eddy buoyancy flux, which results in the weakening (strengthening) of the subsurface stratification and potential vorticity (PV). The PV anomalies facilitate (block) the poleward transport of warm saline subtropical water, while the stratification weakening favors the further downward transmission of salinity anomalies by processes of eddy flux as well as mean-flow advection (the stratification strengthening inhibits the vertical transport), then initiates the decadal change of the AAIW property. The whole process of the eddy-related propagation of salinity anomalies takes about 4 to 6 years. 相似文献
17.
Effects of interannual salinity variability on the dynamic height in the western equatorial Pacific as diagnosed by Argo 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this paper, interannual variations of the ocean dynamic height over the tropical Pacific are diagnosed using three-dimensional temperature and salinity fields from Argo profiles, with a focus on the... 相似文献
18.
基于Argo浮标和历史资料的热带西太平洋次表层与中层水年代变化分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用20世纪80年代和90年代WOD01(World Ocean Database2001)中的CTD温盐剖面资料和2000年以后Argo资料,对比分析了热带西太平洋次表层和中层水团分布的年代变化特征。分析结果表明,在这两个时期,起源于南北太平洋中高纬度海域的各次表层水和中层水,在热带西太平洋分布特征和交织在一起的总体态势基本一致,水团性质的年代变化不大。这与上述两个时段全球海洋-大气耦合系统趋于正常状态相吻合。通过辨识和跟踪表征次表层水性质的盐度极大值,发现南太平洋热带水沿西边界向北扩散程度有所加大,由前一时期的5°N,进一步扩散到6°~7°N;北太平洋热带水在西边界附近的向南扩散程度有所削弱,在2002-2005年间只向南扩散到4°N,而前一个时期则可向南扩散到2°N。通过辨识表征中层水性质的盐度极小值,南极中层水在西边界附近向北扩散程度有所加大,在2002-2005年到达13°N附近,而前一个时期只到达11°N;同期,北太平洋中层水在西边界附近的向南扩散程度有所削弱。上述年代变化与全球水循环强度的变化之间有何关系有待进一步研究。 相似文献
19.
On the basis of Argo data and historic temperature/salinity data from the World Ocean Database 2001 （ WOD01 ）, origins and spreading pathways of the subsurface and intermediate water masses in the Indonesian Throughflow （ITF） region were discussed by analyzing distributions of salinity on representative isopyenal layers. Results were shown that, subsurface water mostly comes from the North Pacific Ocean while the intermediate water originates from both the North and South Pacific Ocean, even possibly from the Indian Ocean. Spreading through the Sulawesi Sea, the Makassar Strait, and file Flores Sea, the North Pacific subsurface water and the North Pacific Intermediate water dominate the western part of the Indonesian Archipelago. Furthermore as the depth increases, the features of the North Pacific sourced water masses become more obvious. In the eastern part of the waters, high sa- linity South Pacific subsurface water is blocked by a strong salinity front between Halmahera and New Guinea. Intermediate water in the eastern interior region owns salinity higher than the North Pacific intermediate water and the antarctic intermediate water （ AAIW）, possibly coming from the vertical mixing between subsurface water and the AAIW from the Pacific Ocean, and possibly coming from the northward extending of the AAIW from the Indian Ocean as well. 相似文献
20.
文章利用观测和模式数据, 并基于混合层盐度收支方法, 研究了热带东太平洋淡水池的季节变化。研究发现: 热带东太平洋淡水池具有显著的季节变化, 由海表强迫(蒸发与降水)、水平平流和次表层过程共同控制。淡水池的季节变化主要分为扩张与收缩两个阶段。4月至11月为扩张阶段, 淡水池向西扩张, 最大体积和面积比最小时扩大将近一倍, 分别达到2.83×10 5km 3和8.94×10 6km 2。热带辐合带向北移动带来的强降水是淡水池扩张的主要原因, 海表强迫决定了混合层盐度降低。12月至3月为淡水池收缩阶段, 海表淡水通量的减弱、水平平流和次表层过程的增强导致混合层盐度升高, 淡水池向东收缩。 相似文献