共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
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BATSE(Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory/Bursts and Transient SourceExperiment)、Swift(Swift Gamma-ray Burst Explorer)和Fermi卫星(Fermi GammaraySpace Telescope)提供了大量的GRB样本.研究比较3种仪器观测的暴的特征,发现虽然有红移暴的数目、所有暴中长暴的比例以及光子流量分布(lgN-lgP分布)等有显著差异,但是暴的持续时间、伽玛辐射总流量、谱硬度比等均没有显著差异.考虑Swift和Fermi暴的观测能段不同,进行修正以后,发现lgN-lgP分布的差异也基本消除.有红移暴的数目、长暴占总暴数的比例是由仪器本身的灵敏度决定的,即不同仪器决定不同GRB的观测特征,但是它们的本质是一致的. 相似文献
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分析类星体吸收线红移和发射线红移的特征。我们从Hewitt和Burbidge ( 1 993 )的星表中选择了吸收线红移和发射线红移都同时提供的类星体 ,得到了包含 4 0 1个对象的样本。这是至今对类星体红移研究的最大样本。我们从吸收线红移和发射线红移之间的关系图发现绝大多数 ( 93 .6% )对象的吸收线红移都小于相应的发射线红移。这个结论人们在 2 0世纪 70年代已经从很小的类星体样本 (样本大小 50左右 )中得到。本文进一步支持了这个结论。它表明类星体红移确实是距离的指示器。这跟宇宙学对类星体红移的解释是一致的 相似文献
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根据高精度宇宙学N体数值模拟输出的星系团以及星系团X射线光度和质量的经验关系:L-M,在红移区间(0.14,0.3)内构建了一个X射线波段流量限为3×10~(-19)J·s~(-1)·cm~(-2)(如Local Cluster Substructure Survey,缩写为LoCuSS )的大质量星系团样本。利用高分辨率的Ray-tracing数值模拟对包含真实观测信息(即红移、大小和形状)的COSMOS背景星系源进行单个透镜的成像模拟,并统计星系团不同投影方向的巨弧(即L/W10)产生效率。依据数值模拟立方体的尺度建立观测光锥,再根据光锥内不同红移区间所占立方体的体积比例用对应数量、红移的透镜对光锥进行随机填充,通过平均它们的透镜效率,最终计算得到光锥内的平均强引力透镜效率为3.22_(-1.47)~(+2.73)×10~(-2)。 相似文献
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《天文学报》2017,(3)
伽玛暴νfν谱的峰值能量E_p是伽玛暴的一个很重要的观测物理量,观测系中伽玛暴νf_ν谱的峰值能量Ep分布很宽.根据各向同性光度L_(iso)、初始洛伦兹因子Γ_0和暴源系中峰值能量E_p,z之间的关系式估算伽玛暴的初始洛伦兹因子Γ_0,再把伽玛暴νf_ν谱的峰值能量E_p和光度L_(iso)修正到共动坐标系,发现共动系中峰值能量的分布还是很宽.这意味着观测系中E_p的宽分布可能是伽玛暴的真实物理分布.检验了共动坐标系中光度和峰值能量之间的关系,发现它们之间仍然存在相关性.最后,进一步对伽玛暴的辐射物理进行限制,认为共动坐标系中峰值能量分布很宽可能是由于辐射电子的洛伦兹因子γ_e分布很宽. 相似文献
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2004年12月27日世界时21时30分,一个非常强的γ射线暴扫过地球,它使得暴露在这次事件中的地球高层大气产生额外电离.在爆发期间,地球上多个甚低频(VLF)电波台站都同时观测到了电离层突然骚扰(SID)事件.对GOES卫星的X射线数据、ACE卫星的太阳风和行星际数据以及理论分析表明,地球上观测到的SID事件是由GRB041227引起的.另外,利用国际GPS服务网(IGS)提供的观测数据,采用相干求和的数据处理方法研究了电离层总电子含量(TEC)对这次γ射线暴的响应.结果表明,SGR1806-20产生的GRB041227对地球电离层产生了明显的影响.在爆发期间,平均电离层TEC有一定的增加,其最大增加值约0.04TECU(1TECU=10~(16)el/m~2),产生效果与一个C级或者低于C级的太阳耀斑相当.计算结果还表明了遥远的天体也能对地球的近地空间环境产生或多或少的影响. 相似文献
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《天文学进展》2019,(4)
快速射电暴(fast radio burst, FRB)是一种发生在毫秒时标的射电爆发现象。观测发现,它们很可能来自银河系外,对研究致密天体并合、星际介质、宇宙大尺度结构等有着重要意义。中国新近建成的500 m口径球面射电望远镜(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope, FAST)是世界上最大的单天线射电望远镜,其多波束漂移扫描观测有望在快速射电暴观测方面作出贡献。针对FAST的漂移扫描观测模式,开展了多种参数和分布下的快速射电暴模拟,构建了下述快速射电暴的样本:一个是对快速射电暴在射电观测参数空间进行模拟获得的样本;一个是根据快速射电暴本身距离(红移)与色散之间可能存在的关系,进行物理参数空间模拟获得的样本。每个样本均有50 000个模拟的快速射电暴信号,它们不仅可用来检验应用于FAST巡天扫描观测的快速射电暴搜寻算法的探测效率,还可以用来研究FAST漂移扫描观测和各类快速射电暴搜寻算法的选择效应,从而有可能从实际快速射电暴探测结果反推快速射电暴的内禀物理性质和分布。获得的快速射电暴样本对重复快速射电暴观测和数据分析具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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We use the newly released Union2 SNe Ia dataset to constrain cosmographic parameters, namely the deceleration, jerk and snap parameters (q0, j0 and s0), then calibrate the five luminosity relations of Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) at redshift z ≤ 1.4. Assuming that the GRB luminosity relations do not evolve with the redshift, we obtain the distance moduli of 66 high-redshift GRBs. At last, we combine the observational datasets including the observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) and the 116 GRBs with known redshifts to constrain some widely-discussed dark energy models. We find that the ΛCDM model is the best according to the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and the JBP model is the best according to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). 相似文献
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R. Salvaterra C. Guidorzi S. Campana G. Chincarini G. Tagliaferri 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,396(1):299-303
We compute the luminosity function (LF) and the formation rate of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by fitting the observed differential peak flux distribution obtained by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) in two different scenarios: (i) the GRB luminosity evolves with redshift and (ii) GRBs form preferentially in low-metallicity environments. In both cases, model predictions are consistent with the Swift number counts and with the number of detections at z > 2.5 and >3.5. To discriminate between the two evolutionary scenarios, we compare the model results with the number of luminous bursts (i.e. with isotropic peak luminosity in excess of 1053 erg s−1 ) detected by Swift in its first 3 yr of mission. Our sample conservatively contains only bursts with good redshift determination and measured peak energy. We find that pure luminosity evolution models can account for the number of sure identifications. In the case of a pure density evolution scenario, models with Z th > 0.3 Z⊙ are ruled out with high confidence. For lower metallicity thresholds, the model results are still statistically consistent with available lower limits. However, many factors can increase the discrepancy between model results and data, indicating that some luminosity evolution in the GRB LF may be needed also for such low values of Z th . Finally, using these new constraints, we derive robust upper limits on the bright end of the GRB LF, showing that this cannot be steeper than ∼2.6. 相似文献
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J. M. Ferreira 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,316(3):647-656
We analyse the spatial clustering properties of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) 1 Bright Sample, an X-ray flux-limited catalogue of galaxy clusters selected from the southern part of the survey. The two-point correlation function ( r ) of the whole sample is well fitted (in an Einsteinde Sitter model) by the power law =( r r 0 ) , with and (95.4 per cent confidence level with one fitting parameter). We use the RASS 1 Bright Sample as a first application of a theoretical model that aims to predict the clustering properties of X-ray clusters in flux-limited surveys for different cosmological scenarios. The model uses the theoretical and empirical relations between mass, temperature and X-ray cluster luminosity, and fully accounts for the redshift evolution of the underlying dark matter clustering and cluster bias factor. The comparison between observational results and theoretical predictions shows that the Einsteinde Sitter models display too low a correlation length, while models with a matter density parameter 0m =0.3 (with or without a cosmological constant) are successful in reproducing the observed clustering. The dependence of the correlation length r 0 on the X-ray limiting flux and luminosity of the sample is generally consistent with the predictions of all our models. Quantitative agreement is however only reached for 0m =0.3 models. The model presented here can be reliably applied to future deeper X-ray cluster surveys: the study of the clustering properties will provide a useful complementary tool to the traditional cluster abundance analyses used to constrain the cosmological parameters. 相似文献
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The variability of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) is thought to be correlated with its absolute peak luminosity, and this relation had been used to derive an estimate of the redshifts of GRBs. Recently, Amati et al. presented the results of spectral and energetic properties of several GRBs with known redshifts. Here, we analyse the properties of two groups of GRBs: one group with known redshift from afterglow observation and another group with redshift derived from the luminosity–variability relation. We study the redshift dependence of various GRBs features in their cosmological rest frames, including the burst duration, the isotropic luminosity and radiated energy, and the peak energy Ep of ν F ν spectra. We find that, for these two groups of GRBs, their properties are all redshift-dependent, i.e. their intrinsic duration, luminosity, radiated energy and peak energy Ep are all correlated with the redshift, which means that there are cosmological evolution effects on gamma-ray burst features, and this can provide an interesting clue to the nature of GRBs. If this is true, then the results also imply that the redshift derived from the luminosity–variability relation may be reliable. 相似文献
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B. W. Fairley L. R. Jones C. Scharf H. Ebeling E. Perlman D. Horner G. Wegner M. Malkan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,315(4):669-678
We present a measurement of the cluster X-ray luminosity–temperature ( L – T ) relation out to high redshift ( z ∼0.8). Combined ROSAT PSPC spectra of 91 galaxy clusters detected in the Wide Angle ROSAT Pointed Survey (WARPS) are simultaneously fitted in redshift and luminosity bins. The resulting temperature and luminosity measurements of these bins, which occupy a region of the high-redshift L – T relation not previously sampled, are compared with existing measurements at low redshift in order to constrain the evolution of the L – T relation. We find the best fit to low-redshift ( z <0.2) cluster data, at T >1 keV, to be L ∝ T 3.15±0.06 . Our data are consistent with no evolution in the normalization of the L – T relation up to z ∼0.8. Combining our results with ASCA measurements taken from the literature, we find η =0.19±0.38 (for Ω0 =1, with 1 σ errors) where L Bol ∝(1+ z ) η T 3.15 , or η =0.60±0.38 for Ω0 =0.3. This lack of evolution is considered in terms of the entropy-driven evolution of clusters. Further implications for cosmological constraints are also discussed. 相似文献
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We have previously shown that the linewidth distribution in AGN can be accounted for by an axisymmetric broad-emission-line region. In this paper we show that the linewidth distribution changes with redshift and that these changes are dependent on H 0 and q 0 . We show that relatively small samples of AGN at high redshift with measured linewidth at half maximum can be used to distinguish between values of H 0 and q 0 . Furthermore, larger low-redshift samples can be used to distinguish between luminosity functions and hence different models of quasar evolution. 相似文献
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We perform Monte Carlo simulations of synthetic EMSS cluster samples, to quantify the systematic errors and the statistical uncertainties on the estimate of Ω0 derived from fits to the cluster number density evolution and to the X-ray temperature distribution up to z =0.83 . We identify the scatter around the relation between cluster X-ray luminosity and temperature to be a source of systematic error, of the order of Δsyst Ω0 =0.09 , if not properly taken into account in the modelling. After correcting for this bias, our best Ω0 is 0.66. The uncertainties on the shape and normalization of the power spectrum of matter fluctuations imply relatively large uncertainties on this estimate of Ω0 , of the order of Δstat Ω0 =0.1 at the 1 σ level. On the other hand, the statistical uncertainties due to the finite size of the high-redshift sample are twice as small. Therefore, what is needed in order to improve the accuracy of Ω0 estimates based on cluster number density evolution is a more reliable measure of the local temperature function and a better understanding of the cluster observed properties both in the local Universe and at high redshift, that is the relation between cluster mass, temperature and luminosity. This requires detailed observations of X-ray selected cluster samples, in comparison with hydrodynamic simulations including refined physics. 相似文献
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S. Dye A. N. Taylor E. M. Thommes K. Meisenheimer C. Wolf J. A. Peacock 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,321(4):685-698
Gravitational lensing magnifies the observed flux of galaxies behind the lens. We use this effect to constrain the total mass in the cluster Abell 1689 by comparing the lensed luminosities of background galaxies with the luminosity function of an undistorted field. Under the assumption that these galaxies are a random sample of luminosity space, this method is not limited by clustering noise. We use photometric redshift information to estimate galaxy distance and intrinsic luminosity. Knowing the redshift distribution of the background population allows us to lift the mass/background degeneracy common to lensing analysis. In this paper we use nine filters observed over 12 h with the Calar Alto 3.5-m telescope to determine the redshifts of 1000 galaxies in the field of Abell 1689. Using a complete sample of 146 background galaxies we measure the cluster mass profile. We find that the total projected mass interior to 0.25 h −1 Mpc is M 2D (<0.25 h −1 Mpc)=(0.48±0.16)×1015 h −1 M⊙ , where our error budget includes uncertainties from the photometric redshift determination, the uncertainty in the offset calibration and finite sampling. This result is in good agreement with that found by number-count and shear-based methods and provides a new and independent method to determine cluster masses. 相似文献
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Louise M. Griffiths Domingos Barbosa Andrew R. Liddle 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1999,308(3):854-862
We use a compilation of cosmic microwave anisotropy data to constrain the epoch of reionization in the Universe, as a function of cosmological parameters. We consider spatially flat cosmologies, varying the matter density Ω0 (the flatness being restored by a cosmological constant), the Hubble parameter h and the spectral index n of the primordial power spectrum. Our results are quoted both in terms of the maximum permitted optical depth to the last-scattering surface, and in terms of the highest allowed reionization redshift assuming instantaneous reionization. For critical-density models, significantly tilted power spectra are excluded as they cannot fit the current data for any amount of reionization, and even scale-invariant models must have an optical depth to last scattering of below 0.3. For the currently favoured low-density model with Ω0 =0.3 and a cosmological constant, the earliest reionization permitted to occur is at around redshift 35, which roughly coincides with the highest estimate in the literature. We provide general fitting functions for the maximum permitted optical depth, as a function of cosmological parameters. We do not consider the inclusion of tensor perturbations, but if present they would strengthen the upper limits that we quote. 相似文献