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1.
为获取青藏高原中东部地壳和上地幔顶部的精细结构,本文基于1万4 484条天然地震的P波（Pg和Pn）到时数据,对青藏高原中东部地壳和上地幔顶部进行P波三维速度结构层析成像,获取了该区域内地壳P波、上地幔顶部Pn波的速度结构和地壳厚度信息。层析成像结果显示,青藏高原中东部地壳P波速度范围为5.2—7.2 km/s,上地幔顶部Pn波速度范围为7.7—8.4 km/s,地壳厚度范围为48.0—68.6 km,地壳和上地幔顶部存在强烈的横向不均匀性,与地质块体分布有较好的对应关系。地壳P波速度结构显示,研究区中、下地壳分布有较大范围的低速区,上地壳与中下地壳P波分布存在明显的差异:羌塘地块和巴颜喀拉地块在上地壳主要表现为高速异常,随着深度增加逐渐表现为低速异常;而柴达木地块在上地壳主要表现为低速异常,下地壳则表现为高速异常;柴达木地块和拉萨地块在上地幔顶部表现为较高的Pn波速度,最高约为8.4 km/s,而在巴颜喀拉地块和羌塘地块东部,Pn波总体上表现为低速,最低约为7.7 km/s。研究区内地壳厚度的总体特征表现为南厚北薄,其中羌塘地块东部和拉萨地块的地壳较厚,而柴达木地块和巴颜喀拉地块东部的地壳相对较薄,羌塘地块西部存在局部的地壳变薄现象,反映了印度板块对欧亚板块北向俯冲作用下的岩石圈变形特征。 相似文献
2.
郯庐断裂带是一条纵贯我国大陆东部NNE走向的巨型深断裂,其中南段及邻区(115°E—122°E,29°N—38°N)跨越了华北断块区、扬子断块区和华南褶皱系三大一级构造单元,由于其重要性和复杂性,长期以来一直是地学家们研究的热点.本文从国际地震中心(ISC)、中国地震台网及区域地震台网的地震观测报告中精心挑选出6381个Pn震相数据,用Pn波时间项层析成像法反演得到了郯庐断裂带中南段及邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构和各向异性.结果显示,研究区上地幔顶部具有显著的横向非均匀性,相对于7.95km·s-1的平均速度而言,Pn波速度值在7.68~8.24km·s-1范围内变化.Pn波速度分布在郯庐断裂带中段和南段具有分段性:沿中段及周边存在一NE向低速异常带,低速可能是由于岩石圈的减薄和软流圈的高温物质沿郯庐带上涌导致;沿南段表现为一NNE向弱高波速异常带,作为高低速的边界带清晰地勾勒出了华北与扬子这两个不同块体,该边界在江苏域向华北地块NW方向凹进.Pn波速度各向异性的强弱与速度分布存在一定的相关性.总体上,如鲁西隆起及以南等低速区、茅山断裂附近的高低速过渡带,其速度各向异性较为强烈;而在具有高速异常的苏北盆地、合肥盆地等稳定区域下方其各向异性较弱.本文通过Pn波震相基本未能探测到郯庐断裂带中段的方位各向异性,推测是上地幔顶部被"冻结"下来的各向异性痕迹被软流圈热物质上涌这一强烈构造运动削弱所导致.南段具有与断裂伸展方向近乎平行的快波速方向.Pn波速度横向变化和强震活动存在一定关联.强震主要发生在Pn波低速异常区或高低速过渡带上.郯城8.5级地震震中位于中段和南段高低速过渡带,该区域也是速度横向变化最大的地方,最容易集中应力和产生应力差. 相似文献
3.
利用鄂尔多斯地块北部及其邻区2008—2018年期间固定台网的地震波形记录,手动拾取出高质量的Pn波到时资料,反演获得了研究区上地幔顶部的Pn波速度结构及各向异性。结果表明:鄂尔多斯地块北部及其邻区上地幔顶部的Pn波速度存在明显的横向不均匀性,与区域地质构造和地震活动相关;研究区内平均Pn波速为8.18 km/s,鄂尔多斯地块内部表现出大范围的高速异常,阿拉善地块的高速异常体中存在低速异常现象,河套断陷带、阴山—燕山造山带、银川—吉兰泰断陷带和海原—六盘山弧形断裂带区域均表现为显著的低速异常,河套断陷带下方存在向鄂尔多斯地块内部延伸的明显低速异常条带,大同火山群下方存在强低速异常;多数历史强震均发生在低速异常区或高低速异常过渡带上;鄂尔多斯地块内部Pn波各向异性快波方向西部为近NE?SW向,而东部为近NW?SE向,河套断陷带和鄂尔多斯地块西缘、青藏高原东北缘与阿拉善地块的交界带以及阴山—燕山造山带的各向异性快波方向总体均呈现为NW?SE向,而阴山—燕山造山带东部则呈NE?SW向。 相似文献
4.
东北地区Pn波速度结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用2000年1月至2011年2月黑龙江省地震台网的数字地震波形记录中2158条Pn波到时数据,并结合1985～2008年的中国地震年报数据中提取的10641条Pn波到时数据,反演了中国东北地区（东经110°—136°、北纬35°—55°）的Pn波速度结构,结果表明东北地区上地幔顶部速度结构的横向变化与现代构造运动有明显的关联：上地幔顶部Pn波速度低值区与中国东北地区火山活动区域有很好的一致性;松辽盆地地区Pn波速度显然高于其周边区域。东北地区强震大都发生在Pn波的速度低速带或速度过渡带,反映出上地幔顶部的流变性对构造应力的传递起着重要作用。 相似文献
5.
本研究拾取了中国数字测震台网固定台站记录的2008-2016年2级以上地震事件中的27233条高质量Pn到时资料,反演得到了郯庐断裂带及其邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度和各向异性结构模型.结果显示,研究区上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构存在强烈的横向不均匀性,速度异常形态与区域地质构造较为吻合.太行山造山带、鲁西隆起、大别造山带、苏鲁褶皱带、胶辽隆起和华北盆地南端等隆起区表现为低波速异常,而黄海北、南部盆地、渤海湾和华北盆地北部等凹陷区均为高波速异常.壳内强震主要发生在Pn低波速异常和高低波速异常的横向过渡地带,说明强震的发生与上地幔结构的横向变化之间存在有一定关联.郯庐断裂带两侧Pn波速度以郯城地震为界其东北侧和西南侧分别分布有与断裂带近平行的低波速异常条带,而西北侧和东南侧分别分布有高波速异常条带,各向异性快波方向近乎沿断裂带走向,可能由于上地幔热物质沿郯庐断裂带上涌形成低速异常后断裂带发生左旋平移运动所致.华北盆地内上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构和各向异性的明显变化,反映华北克拉通破坏过程中经历了地幔热物质上涌、莫霍面隆升以及岩石圈拆沉等复杂构造变形. 相似文献
6.
《地球物理学报》2021,64(7)
沂沭断裂带位于鲁西隆起、胶辽隆起与苏鲁褶皱带之间,是郯庐断裂带地震活动最为强烈的部分,上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构与各向异性研究对于认识沂沭断裂带对地震活动的控制作用具有重要意义.本研究通过手工拾取与观测报告相结合的方法,最终挑选出研究区域2008—2019年期间290个台站记录到的1665个地震事件的26598条Pn走时数据,通过反演获得一个新的沂沭断裂带及周边区域上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构及各向异性结构模型.结果显示,研究区域上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构存在显著的横向变化,华北盆地南端、太行山造山带、鲁西隆起、胶辽隆起表现为低速异常,华北盆地内部速度结构存在显著的横向不均匀性,其强高速异常表现出明显的分块现象.沂沭断裂带呈现明显的分段特征,其两侧速度结构存在明显差异,表明沂沭断裂带可能延深至上地幔顶部.强震多数发生在上地幔顶部具有高速和低速异常变化特征区域上方的地壳内,说明强震的孕育发生与上地幔顶部结构有关.太行山造山带、胶辽隆起区Pn波各向异性快波方向与地质构造的伸展方向趋于一致,但与SKS波分裂结果不同,说明在岩石圈形变一定深度范围可能存在局部解耦现象.南黄海盆地Pn波各向异性快波方向与断裂走向基本一致,暗示扬子块体北向挤压在南黄海地区形成的部分断裂的深度已达上地幔成为岩石圈尺度的断裂. 相似文献
7.
华北地区上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构及其构造含义 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
利用20301条全国及区域地震台网的Pn波射线的走时资料,采用地震层析成像方法反演了华北地区上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构。结果表明,华北地区Pn波平均速度为7.92km/s,横向速度变化量从-0.21～+0.29km/s,Pn波高、低速异常区沿NNE向相间排列,从西向东有鄂尔多斯地块中部高速区、山西地堑低速区、冀中坳陷高速区、鲁西隆起及渤海湾低速区、郯庐断裂带以东高速区,华北地块商界除秦岭一带里高速异常外其余为低速异常。大同附近新生代火山区呈现较大的波速各向异性,快波方向呈NNE-SSW向;渤海湾周围也显示出显著的各向异性,并呈旋转趋势,反映了该区地幔流动变形的迹象。华北地区Pn波速度与大地热流之间具有负相关关系,Pn波低速异常区,对应着高热流值,如:山西地堑、渤海湾;而在Pn波高速异常区,对应着低热流值,如:冀中坳陷。这表明本区Pn波速度变化主要是上地幔顶部存在温度差异的结果。强震主要发生在低速异常区以及高、低速异常区的交界带上面的地壳内,在低速异常区发生的地震,其震源深度较浅;在高、低速异常区的交界带发生的地震,其震源深度较深。 相似文献
8.
利用中国东部地震台网和ISC 报告1980~2004年的地震走时数据,反演了黄海及其邻近地区的Pn波速度和各向异性,根据岩石层地幔的横向非均匀性分析了区域地质构造的深部特点.Pn波速度的变化与区域地质构造有一定的对应关系,黄海地区上地幔顶部的P波平均速度较高,没有发现明显的低速异常,表明上地幔顶部不存在大范围的地幔扰动.速度异常的分布表明,南黄海东部和西部有可能分属于不同的构造块体,其间的分界大致对应于南北走向的黄海东部断裂带,具有相对较低的Pn波速度.边界东、西两侧的Pn波各向异性存在明显的差异：南黄海西部Pn波的快波方向以北东—北北东方向为主,反映了海区内部扬子块体向北运动产生的构造变形;南黄海东部Pn波的快波方向为南北方向,与黄海东部断裂带的走向基本一致,说明黄海东部和西部之间存在一个深达岩石层地幔的南北向转换边界.结合相关资料估计黄海东部断裂带在中生代时期发生了右旋走滑运动,以响应中国东部郯庐断裂带的大规模左旋剪切以及南黄海扬子块体的向北嵌入. 相似文献
9.
搜集整理了中国国家地震台网和区域地震台网记录的Pn波到时资料，利用层析成像方法分析了青藏高原东北地区上地幔顶部P波速度及其各向异性的横向变化．结果表明，该地区Pn波的平均速度偏高，为8.09 km/s；构造上稳定的柴达木盆地下面，上地幔顶部Ｐ波速度较高，而构造上比较活跃的山西地堑地区波速则较低．1920年发生海原大地震的地区，上地幔顶部是Ｐ波速度偏低的地区．一个值得注意的结果是，与天山挤压带上地幔顶部Ｐ波速度偏低的情况不同，在青藏高原东北缘的祁连山现代挤压变形带地区，上地幔顶部是Ｐ波速度偏高的地区．鄂尔多斯地块下面，波速度不均一，存在高低速的变化．这与该地块四周皆有强地震活动、地块本身可能有整体的构造运动有关． 相似文献
10.
中国东部地处欧亚板块东南部,紧邻西太平洋板块俯冲带,有着复杂的地质构造和深部结构,是国内外学者研究的重点区域.本文采用Pn波层析成像方法反演得到了中国东部及其邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构及各向异性.研究中应用的Pn到时数据主要来自多种地震观测报告,并特别补充了东北流动台阵、华北流动台阵以及区域地震台网记录的地震事件,拾取了大量高精度的Pn到时数据,最终挑选出2049个台站记录的24072次地震的240814条Pn波到时数据.结果显示,中国东部地区上地幔顶部平均速度为8.06 km·s-1,速度变化范围为7.81~8.32 km·s-1.东北地区东部表现为显著的低速异常,华北克拉通中、东部Pn呈现低速,而西部地区则表现为高速异常,华南地块主体表现为高速.反演结果还揭示江汉盆地、下辽河盆地、二连盆地及海拉尔盆地都显示出高速,而四川盆地和松辽盆地内部则呈现出不均匀的结构特征.四川盆地的高速异常显示出明显的分块现象,这可能是该盆地在沉积前具有不同的基底物质;松辽盆地的北部呈现为高速,而南部却表现为低速异常,这一特征与松辽盆地南、北部分别为高、低热流相对应,暗示盆地南部的岩石圈已经历了改造.研究进一步揭示Pn波低速区和高、低速过渡带的各向异性也较为强烈,而大部分强震都发生在这些区域之上的地壳内,说明这些部位容易发生变形而应力集中或产生应力差. 相似文献
11.
L ateral Variation of Pn velocity beneath northeastern marginal region of Qinghai—Xizang plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pn arrival time data are collected from the bulletins of both national and regional seismological network in China-These data are tomographically inverted to map the lateral variation and anisotropy of Pn velocity in the northeast-ern marginal region of Qinghai-Xizang plateau.The average Pn velocity in this region is 8.09km/s,being a little higher than the average for whole China,Higher velocity is found in tectonically stable Qaidam basin,while lower velocity is seen in and around tectonically active Shanxi graben.The region where the 1920 Haiyuan great earth-quake occurred shows a slightly low Pn velocity.A noticeable result is that,differing from the tectonically com-pressive Tianshan region.where Pn velocity is low,the Qilianshan region,where the Neotectonic deformation is also primarily compressive,shows high Pn velocity,In the uppermost mantle beneath the Ordos plateau Pn veloc-ity is inhomogeneous,varying from higher velocity in southwestern part to lower one in northeastern part.This may be attributed to possible movement of the Ordos block,as there are strong earthquakes all around the block. 相似文献
12.
Velocity structure of uppermost mantle beneath North China from Pn tomography and its implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
20301 Pn arrival time data are collected from the seismological bulletins of both national and regional seismic networks. Pn travel time residuals are tomographically inverted for the Pn velocity structure of uppermost mantle beneath North China. The result indicates that the average Pn velocity in North China is 7.92 km/s, and the velocity varies laterally from ?0.21 to +0.29 km/s around the average. The approximately NNE trending high and low velocity regions arrange alternatively west-eastward. From west to east we can see high velocity in the middle Ordos region, the Shanxi graben low, the Jizhong depression high, the west Shandong uplift and Bohai Sea low, and the high velocity region to the east of the Tanlu fault. In the southern boundary zone of the North China block, except for the high velocity in the Qingling Mountains region, the velocity is generally lower than the average. Obvious velocity anisotropy is seen in the Datong Cenozoic volcanic region, with the fast velocity direction in NNE-SSW. Notable velocity anisotropy is also seen around the Bay of Bohai Sea, and the fast velocity directions seem to show a rotation pattern, possibly indicating a flow-like deformation in the uppermost mantle there. The Pn velocity variations show a reversed correlation with the Earth's heat flow. The low Pn velocity regions generally show high heat flow, e.g., the Shanxi graben and Bohai Sea region. While the high Pn velocity regions usually manifest low heat flow, e.g., the region of Jizhong depression. This indicates that the Pn velocity variation in the study region is mainly aroused by the regional temperature difference in the uppermost mantle. Strong earthquakes in the crust tend to occur in the region with the abnormal low Pn velocity, or in the transition zone between high and low Pn velocity regions. The earthquakes in the low velocity region are shallower, while that in the transition zone are deeper. 相似文献
13.
Fine structure of Pn velocity beneath Sichuan-Yunnan region 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
We use 23298 Pn arrival-time data from Chinese national and provincial earthquake bulletins to invert fine structure of Pn velocity and anisotropy at the top of the mantle beneath the Sichuan-Yunnan and its adjacent region. The results suggest that the Pn velocity in this region shows significant lateral variation; the Pn velocity varies from 7.7 to 8.3 km/s. The Pn-velocity variation correlates well with the tectonic activity and heat flow of the region. Low Pn velocity is observed in southwest Yunnan , Tengchong volcano area, and the Panxi tectonic area. These areas have very active seismicity and tectonic activity with high surface heat flow. On the other hand, high Pn velocity is observed in some stable regions, such as the central region of the Yangtze Platform; the most pronounced high velocity area is located in the Sichuan Basin, south of Chengdu. Pn anisotropy shows a complex pattern of regional deformation. The Pn fast direction shows a prominent clockwise rotation pattern from east of the Tibetan block to the Sichuan-Yunnan diamond block to southwest Yunnan, which may be related to southeastward escape of the Tibetan Plateau material due to the collision of the Indian Plate to the Eurasia Plate. Thus there appears to be strong correlation between the crustal deformation and the upper mantle structure in the region. The delay times of events and stations show that the crust thickness decreases from the Tibetan Plateau to eastern China, which is consistent with the results from deep seismic sounding. 相似文献
14.
We use 23298 Pn arrival-time data from Chinese national and provincial earthquake bulletins to invert fine structure of Pn velocity and anisotropy at the top of the mantle beneath the Sichuan-Yunnan and its adjacent region. The results suggest that the Pn velocity in this region shows significant lateral variation; the Pn velocity varies from 7.7 to 8.3 km/s. The Pn-velocity variation correlates well with the tectonic activity and heat flow of the region. Low Pn velocity is observed in southwest Yunnan, Tengchong volcano area, and the Panxi tectonic area. These areas have very active seismicity and tectonic activity with high surface heat flow. On the other hand, high Pn velocity is observed in some stable regions, such as the central region of the Yangtze Platform; the most pronounced high velocity area is located in the Sichuan Basin, south of Chengdu. Pn anisotropy shows a complex pattern of regional deformation. The Pn fast direction shows a prominent clockwise rotation pattern from east of the Tibetan block to the Sichuan-Yunnan diamond block to southwest Yunnan, which may be related to southeastward escape of the Tibetan Plateau material due to the collision of the Indian Plate to the Eurasia Plate. Thus there appears to be strong correlation between the crustal deformation and the upper mantle structure in the region. The delay times of events and stations show that the crust thickness decreases from the Tibetan Plateau to eastern China, which is consistent with the results from deep seismic sounding. 相似文献
15.
20301 Pn arrival time data are collected from the seismological bulletins of both national and regional seismic networks. Pn travel time residuals are tomographically inverted for the Pn velocity structure of uppermost mantle beneath North China. The result indicates that the average Pn velocity in North China is 7.92 km/s, and the velocity varies laterally from ?0.21 to +0.29 km/s around the average. The approximately NNE trending high and low velocity regions arrange alternatively west-eastward. From west to east we can see high velocity in the middle Ordos region, the Shanxi graben low, the Jizhong depression high, the west Shandong uplift and Bohai Sea low, and the high velocity region to the east of the Tanlu fault. In the southern boundary zone of the North China block, except for the high velocity in the Qingling Mountains region, the velocity is generally lower than the average. Obvious velocity anisotropy is seen in the Datong Cenozoic volcanic region, with the fast velocity direction in NNE-SSW. Notable velocity anisotropy is also seen around the Bay of Bohai Sea, and the fast velocity directions seem to show a rotation pattern, possibly indicating a flow-like deformation in the uppermost mantle there. The Pn velocity variations show a reversed correlation with the Earth”s heat flow. The low Pn velocity regions generally show high heat flow, e.g., the Shanxi graben and Bohai Sea region. While the high Pn velocity regions usually manifest low heat flow, e.g., the region of Jizhong depression. This indicates that the Pn velocity variation in the study region is mainly aroused by the regional temperature difference in the uppermost mantle. Strong earthquakes in the crust tend to occur in the region with the abnormal low Pn velocity, or in the transition zone between high and low Pn velocity regions. The earthquakes in the low velocity region are shallower, while that in the transition zone are deeper. 相似文献