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1.
细颗粒物PM2.5（Fine Particulate Matter）是影响空气质量和公共健康的关键因素之一。高时空分辨率的PM2.5数据是公共健康风险评估和流行病学研究的基本需求。相较于地面站点,卫星遥感技术具有连续观测、宽覆盖和低成本的优势,基于卫星气溶胶光学厚度AOD（Aerosol Optical Depth）反演PM2.5质量浓度的方法已成为热点。本研究概述了卫星AOD产品反演PM2.5浓度的原理,介绍了用于PM2.5反演的主要卫星AOD产品及其反演精度;总结了现有的PM2.5估算方法及其优缺点,指出目前PM2.5反演研究存在的问题;提出未来PM2.5反演方向主要集中在高时空分辨率的PM2.5浓度重建、基于激光雷达数据的三维PM2.5浓度反演及PM2.5化学组分反演等方向。比例因子法、物理机理模型和统计模型这3种方法都能在不同时期不同程度地准确估算PM2.5浓度,代表了那个时期较为前沿的研究热点,但比例因子法和物理机理模型因其自身的局限性而应用较少,而统计模型因其独特的时间或时空异质性的可描述性和强大的非线性描述能力的优势而被广泛应用并不断改进。目前PM2.5反演研究存在的问题主要有3种：（1）卫星AOD的非随机缺失问题造成估算的PM2.5数据缺失;（2）反演模型的精度问题;（3）PM2.5的化学成分估算问题。基于此,本文为了准确揭示近地面PM2.5的时空变化趋势,提高基于卫星AOD产品的近地面PM2.5反演研究的准确性,提出了几点未来的研究方向：首先,新型的高空间（如风云四号、高分五号）、高时间分辨率（Himawari-8/9）卫星AOD产品在PM2.5的精细化估算研究上具有很大优势,这对于高时空分辨率的PM2.5浓度重建具有重要意义;其次,随着大气探测技术的发展,星载、机载及地基激光雷达都能够获取垂直分布信息,搭载在无人机上的颗粒物传感器可实现PM2.5垂直方向上的监测,将其与光学遥感卫星数据及地面监测数据结合,可实现三维的PM2.5浓度反演;最后,PM2.5化学组分信息对于分析污染成因、暴露特征等尤其重要,其时空变化趋势研究是一个重要的发展方向,然而,地面PM2.5组分观测站网仍不完善,如何克服卫星遥感估算中对地面站网的依赖,实现PM2.5化学成分的高精度反演需要进一步研究。通过本研究,有助于进一步了解不同PM2.5估算方法的原理机制及其优缺点,为基于卫星AOD产品反演近地面PM2.5浓度的新的发展方向提供启示,提升近地面PM2.5浓度反演的精度及时空分辨率。 相似文献
2.
大气污染物浓度全方位动态监测是进行区域大气污染精细化防控的重要前提。为开展长三角地区小时分辨率PM2.5浓度无缝制图,本研究通过耦合AOD缺失信息重建与多模数据融合技术,建立了一套能够有效集成卫星遥感、地面观测、数值模拟等多源异构数据资料的近地面PM2.5浓度无缝制图方案,并据此生产了2015年—2020年长三角地区小时分辨率无缝PM2.5浓度格点数据产品。结果表明：本研究生产的PM2.5浓度无缝格点产品与国控站点观测数据的交叉验证相关系数达0.9,平均偏差不超过10 μg·m-3。较于空间分布不均且相对稀疏的站点观测PM2.5浓度资料,面域无缝PM2.5浓度格点数据更能有效揭示长三角地区PM2.5污染的时空变化特征;在2015年—2020年研究期内,其平均下降速率超过3 μg·m-3·a-1。本研究发展的PM2.5浓度无缝制图方法和生产的相关数据产品有望为区域灰霾污染防控和PM2.5暴露健康风险评估研究提供方法参考和基础数据支撑。 相似文献
3.
大气细颗粒物（PM2.5）质量浓度是重要的空气质量指标之一。为了促进区域PM2.5浓度监测的研究，同时拓展利用CE318太阳光度计等光学传感器反演的大气气溶胶产品的应用领域，本文首先基于北京地区2014年—2017年大气气溶胶反演的粒径尺度谱分布产品，计算表征PM2.5的粒子体积，并结合同一时间北京地区35个空气质量站点提供的PM2.5质量浓度参考值计算转换系数，对样本区间进行划分以构建转换模型。其次，利用各CE318站点数据所得转换系数及其相对精度，对研究区PM2.5质量浓度估算误差空间分布，以及转换系数偏差对估值误差贡献情况进行评价。研究结果表明，由CE318站PM2.5粒子体积与其临近空气质量站PM2.5质量浓度联合建立的转换系数是一种与气溶胶理化属性密切相关的参数指标，可将时间和空间维度上PM2.5体积与PM2.5质量浓度之间的关系映射到由理化属性主导的维度上，可用于对估值模型进行细化和分类，构建分段转换函数模型，使得各分段区间内具有较高的模型拟合精度。基于转换系数的北京地区PM2.5浓度估值的相对误差多年均值介于12.8 %—28.7 %，而转换系数相对偏差对PM2.5质量浓度估值相对误差的影响显著，二者之间具有“r”型结构。当转换系数相对偏差介于-16.3 %至24.5 %时，该偏差的出现概率约为66.5 %，使得PM2.5质量浓度估值误差在20 %以内，表明采用此种方法对相应站点的PM2.5质量浓度进行估值具有相当的精度和稳定性。以上研究结果可为地面观测站稀少区域利用卫星光学遥感开展空气质量大范围监测应用提供理论前提和技术支持。 相似文献
4.
卫星的射出长波辐射OLR(Outgoing Long-wave Radiation)数据具有不同程度的误差。为满足业务和科研工作的需要,对国产卫星FY-3 A/VIRR的OLR产品与其他同类卫星产品进行一致性和差异性分析是非常必要的。采用风云三号A星(FY-3A)扫描辐射计(VIRR)的OLR日平均产品作为被检验数据,美国大气海洋局NOAA18卫星上搭载的甚高分辨率扫描辐射计(AVHRR)OLR日平均产品作为检验源数据,使用相关系数、平均偏差、均方根误差、相对误差等检验方法,对两种产品进行一致性和差异性分析。结果表明,两种OLR资料大部分相关系数较大,平均偏差、均方根误差和相对误差较小,个别资料相关系数较小,平均偏差、均方根误差和相对误差较大。如2010年4月23日、7月13日和10月13日,相关系数、平均偏差、均方根误差、相对误差分别为(0.63,7 Wm-2,31 Wm-2,0.12)、(0.5,-5 Wm-2,45 Wm-2,0.125)和(0.3,-200 Wm-2,225 Wm-2,0.85)。这些偏差主要发生在高山和海洋地区,并且暖季相对冷季偏差较大,可能是由于高山、海洋地区和暖季较强的对流活动造成两种资料的对比结果存在一定的差异;此外,由于FY-3A为上午星,NOAA18为下午星,过境时间存在一定的差异,也给二者的对比结果带来一定的差异。 相似文献
5.
PM2.5作为指示环境质量的重要因子之一,不仅影响着灰霾天气的发生,还与公众健康息息相关,近年来受到广泛的关注。尽管PM2.5地面观测站点在不断地扩张,其覆盖范围依旧有限,难以反映全域PM2.5浓度的时空异质性。本研究运用卫星遥感气溶胶光学厚度数据,辅助因子除常规的气象因子等以外,还加入了针对中国人民生产生活习惯的农历日因子,提出一种耦合注意力机制的深度神经网络模型,对长三角区域2015年—2020年PM2.5浓度进行了逐日的高精度估算。模型交叉验证结果显示决定系数R2高达0.85,斜率0.86,与地面站点观测值有较高的一致性,优于多元线性回归和随机森林模型。长三角区域PM2.5浓度时空特征分析结果表明,PM2.5浓度在空间上呈现北高南低的趋势;季节特征以冬季浓度最高,夏季浓度最低,春秋过渡。此外,长三角区域2015年—2020年整体PM2.5浓度呈下降趋势,其中以上海市最为明显,下降速率为3.30 μg/（m3· a）,其次为江苏省（2.65 μg/（m3· a））;浙江省与安徽省下降速率都小于2 μg/（m3· a）,但由于安徽省PM2.5浓度远高于浙江省,提升空间更大,需要更多的关注。综上所述,利用卫星数据结合本研究提出的方法能弥补地面观测站点的不足,获得高精度全域PM2.5浓度时空分布特征,从而更科学地指导相关政策的规划与落地。 相似文献
6.
首先描述高分辨率全球四维变分资料同化系统的基本软件框架,并对多源卫星资料同化的关键技术作阐述;其次通过统计分析,说明新型卫星观测数据的引入不但能够增加同化系统中的信息量,而且能够提高其他类型观测数据的利用率;然后通过一个月的统计检验结果表明:无论是从距平相关还是均方根误差而言,在有效同化无线电掩星和卫星风资料后,高分辨率同化预报系统预报技巧的提高是十分明显的;最后,通过一个强降水个例的分析结果表明:基于新的初始场全球模式降水预报准确性较高,就强降水中心区域的预报而言,模式预报和观测实况较为一致,优于国外模式降水预报。 相似文献
7.
基于欧洲中尺度天气预报中心(ECMWF)大气廓线库和RTTOV9.3辐射传输正向模式,探讨了大气CH4混合比浓度垂直廓线和柱总量的经验正交函数(EOF)反演方法,并利用地基傅里叶热红外光谱仪(FTS)观测数据和红外EOSAQUA卫星的大气红外传感器(AIRS)实际观测资料进行反演实验和验证。并且与地基傅里叶热红外光谱仪(FTS)观测结果相比,300hPa以下EOF模型反演的CH4混合比均方根相对误差小于AIRS的CH4产品,CH4柱总量的相对误差也小于AIRS产品。与AIRS的CH4产品相比,EOF模型反演的CH4混合比廓线相关系数为0.97,均方根相对误差小于2.5%。验证结果表明EOF模型可以为物理反演提供很好的初始值,由于其稳定且运算更快捷,在业务化运行方面具有很大应用前景。 相似文献
8.
以上海市为例,探索中国新型自主的FY-3A/MERSI数据在典型大城市热环境研究中的应用模式,包括实时监测与同化数值预报两个方面。结果表明:FY-3A/MERSI反演的250 m地表温度及其他衍生指标能够客观呈现城市热场格局及热岛效应,精细揭示出上海市区—近郊—远郊的地温明显分异,热岛由中心城区呈放射性面状过渡到远郊以乡镇为中心的团块状,其形成与下垫面介质关系密切。同化FY-3A/MERSI数据产品的中尺度数值模式,耦合城市冠层参数化方案,可实现250 m格网0～48 h城市近地层气温空间精细化预报,提取1 h间隔的热环境日演变特征将有助于在不同天气形式下进行热环境灾害潜式预报及机理分析。预报结果在时空分辨率方面明显优于常规数值预报,并避免了卫星云污染的影响,说明FY-3A卫星探测资料能有效改善模式背景场与初始场。 相似文献
9.
许多城市建立的相对稠密的网格化监测站点,为精细化监管城市空气质量奠定了基础。本文选用徐州市网格化监测数据、地球静止卫星Himawari-8/AHI及COMS/GOCI的表观反射率和气溶胶光学厚度数据、气象和其他辅助数据,开展了徐州地区0.005°空间分辨率网格的PM2.5浓度精细化制图研究。本文使用了极端梯度提升（XGBoost）、随机森林（RF）及时空加权回归（GTWR）等3种方法,并选用多种特征参数组合进行对比分析。综合分析模型精度和过拟合程度,结果表明XGBoost模型表现最好,其R2为0.90,RMSE为11.65 μg/m3。进一步将本文结果与国控站点、清华大学的TAP数据集和马里兰大学的CHAP数据集的对比分析,结果表明基于网格化站点的PM2.5制图结果能更好地反映城市内部不同区域的PM2.5浓度分布差异性,弥补因国控站点稀疏带来的缺陷,更好地服务于城市空气质量精准管控。 相似文献
10.
MERSI和MODIS卫星监测京津冀及周边地区PM2.5浓度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
京津冀及周边地区是中国PM_(2.5)污染最重的区域之一,利用卫星遥感技术监测大范围的PM_(2.5)时空分布变化是一种先进的重要手段。本研究首先基于暗像元算法利用FY-3B/MERSI与AQUA/MODIS对京津冀及周边区域进行了遥感AOT反演和验证分析;然后,引入气象资料和地面观测资料利用GWR模型反演了区域PM_(2.5)浓度,并对遥感反演结果进行了交叉验证评估,综合对比分析了MERSI和MODIS的气溶胶及PM_(2.5)遥感监测能力;最后,利用MERSI数据对2017年第一季度京津冀及周边区域的PM_(2.5)月均浓度时空分布变化情况进行了初步探索分析。结果表明:FY-3B/MERSI在气溶胶及PM_(2.5)遥感监测能力方面略优于AQUA/MODIS,MERSI反演的1 km分辨率AOT和PM_(2.5)与地面站点实测结果的决定系数R2分别为0.76μg/m~3和0.79μg/m~3,均方根误差分别为0.26μg/m~3和28μg/m~3,平均绝对误差分别为0.16μg/m~3和15μg/m~3,能基本满足对京津冀及周边区域PM_(2.5)的精细化监测需要。2017年第一季度京津冀及周边区域PM_(2.5)月均浓度遥感监测结果表明该区域的PM_(2.5)空间分布格局与地形地貌关系密切,高值区整体上沿太行山脉成带成片;从时间变化来看,1—3月呈逐月下降的趋势,其中3月份PM_(2.5)区域浓度较1月和2月有大幅下降。这说明FY-3\MERSI遥感反演产品能为环境质量监测和环境管理工作效果评估提供有效参考,本研究对国产卫星在大气环境遥感业务中的大力发展应用有重要参考意义。 相似文献
11.
S. L. Kesav Unnithan 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(2):159-173
ABSTRACTThe physical processes associated with the constituents of the troposphere, such as aerosols have an immediate impact on human health. This study employs a novel method to calibrate Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) obtained from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS – Terra satellite) for estimating surface PM2.5 concentration. The Combined Deep Blue Deep Target daily product from the MODIS AOD data acquired across the Indian Subcontinent was used as input, and the daily averaged PM2.5pollution level data obtained from 33 monitoring stations spread across the country was used for calibration. Mixed Effect Models (MEM) is a linear model to deal with non-independent data from multiple levels or hierarchy using fixed and random effects of dependent parameters. MEM was applied to the dataset obtained for the period from January to August 2017. The MEM considers a fixed and random component, where the random components model the daily variations of the AOD – PM2.5 relationships, site-specific adjustment parameters, temporal (meteorological) variables such as temperature, and spatial variables such as the percentage of agricultural area, forest cover, barren land and road density with the resolution of 10 km × 10 km. Estimation accuracy was improved from an R2 value of 0.66 from our earlier study (when PM2.5 was modeled against only AOD and site-specific parameters) toR2 value of 0.75 upon the inclusion of spatiotemporal (meteorological) variables with increased % within Expected Error from 18% to 35%, reduced Mean Bias Error from 3.22 to 0.11 and reduced RMSE from 29.11 to 20.09. We also found that spline interpolation performed better than IDW and Kriging inefficiently estimating the PM2.5 concentrations wherever there were missing AOD data. The estimated minimum PM2.5 is 93 ± 25μg/m3 which itself is in the upper limit of the hazardous level while the maximum is estimated as 170 ± 70μg/m3. The study has thus made it possible to determine the daily spatial variations of PM2.5 concentrations across the Indian subcontinent utilizing satellite-based AOD data. 相似文献
12.
ABSTRACTRapid economic growth, a high degree of urbanization and the proximity of a large number of desert and semidesert landscapes can have a significant impact on the atmosphere of adjacent territories, leading to high levels of atmospheric pollution. Therefore, identifying possible sources of atmospheric pollution is one of the main tasks. In this study, we carried out an analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of five main atmospheric pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO) near potential source of natural aerosols, affecting seven cities (Wuhai, Alashan, Wuzhong, Zhongwei, Wuwei, Jinchang, Zhangye), located in immediate proximity to the South Gobi deserts. The results, obtained for the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018, demonstrate total concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 are 38.2 ± 19.5 and 101 ± 80.7 μg/m3 exceeding the same established by the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standard (CNAAQS), being 35 and 70 μg/m3, respectively. Based on the data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the whole period, Clean Сontinental (71.49%) and Mixed (22.29%) types of aerosols prevail in the region. In the spring and winter seasons maximum concentrations of pollutants and high values of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) in the region atmosphere are observed. PM2.5 and PM10 ratio shows the presence of coarse aerosols in the total content with value 0.43. The highest concentrations of pollutants were in the period of dust storms activity, when PM2.5 and PM10 content exceeded 200 and 1000 µg/m3, and AOD value exceeded 1. UV Aerosol Index (UVAI), Aerosol Absorbing Optical Depth (AAOD), and Single Scattering Albedo (SSA), obtained from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), demonstrate the high content of dust aerosols in the period of sandstorms. Analysis of backward trajectories shows that dust air masses moved from North to Northwest China, affecting large deserts such as Taklamakan, Gurbantunggut, Badain Jaran, Tengger, and Ulan Buh deserts. 相似文献
13.
卫星观测不仅能反映区域宏观大气污染状况,也能从城市尺度上监测大气污染物的变化。基于以上优势,本文利用MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和OMI对流层NO_2垂直柱浓度数据,比较2015年与2012年—2014年以及2015年3个时期(减排前、减排中、减排后)AOD和NO_2柱浓度的变化,定性分析了阅兵期间华北平原地区污染物减排效果,重点定量评估北京市联控减排措施的效果。研究发现2015年减排中华北平原重污染地区AOD和NO_2柱浓度相比于前3年同期有明显降低。定量分析北京市的减排效果得到:2015年减排中较前3年同期而言,AOD降低59%,NO_2柱浓度降低41%;较2015年减排前而言,AOD降低73%,NO_2柱浓度降低30%,去除气象条件影响后,AOD下降43%,NO_2柱浓度下降21%,说明严格的联控减排措施有效地改善了空气质量,气象条件也起到积极的作用。减排措施结束后,AOD和NO_2柱浓度比减排中分别增加159%和71%。研究结果表明,卫星遥感与地基监测评估效果相当,能反映北京地面污染物排放能力;它既能观测区域尺度大气污染变化,又可评估城市尺度大气污染减排。随着卫星技术水平的提高,期望未来卫星遥感可作为一种独立手段来定量评估区域及城市尺度空气质量减排措施的效果。 相似文献
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Assessment of human health impact caused by air pollution is crucial for evaluating environmental hazards. In this paper, concentrations of six air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3, and CO) were first derived from satellite observations, and then the overall human health risks in China caused by multiple air pollutants were assessed using an aggregated health risks index. Unlike traditional approach for human health risks assessment, which relied on the in-situ air pollution measurements, the spatial distribution of aggregated human health risks in China were obtained using satellite observations in this research. It was indicated that the remote sensing data have advantages over in-situ data in accessing human health impact caused by air pollution. 相似文献
15.
Jiayi Li 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(4):474-486
ABSTRACTUrbanization in China is closely connected with ambient particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5). However, the potential for altering PM2.5 through the urban landscape characteristics is uncertain. In this study, we analyzed the urban PM2.5 pollution situation for 2014–2016 and investigated the impact of landscape factors on urban PM2.5 in China at the city level. All the prefecture-level cities were stratified by urban population size into small (<500,000), medium (500,000–1,000,000), and large (>1,000,000), and the other second-level administrative cities were assigned as ‘other’ cities. The multivariate regression model including both urban landscape factors and social-economic variables explained 70.0%, 32.8%, 19.2%, and 12.4% of the arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentration (AMC-PM2.5) for the other, small, medium, and large cities, respectively. With regard to the configuration of land cover, agricultural activity is a major contributor of PM2.5 pollution, for which the explanatory power ranged from 7.6% (for the large cities) to 64% (for the other cities). In addition, grassland aggregation also has a limited but negative effect on urban PM2.5 pollution, despite the negligible effect on dry deposition. Overall, these findings likely reflect the interaction between urban air quality and urbanization, and will have implications for air quality control strategies. 相似文献
16.
The gross primary production (GPP) at individual CO2 eddy covariance flux tower sites (GPPTower) in Dali (DL), Wenjiang (WJ) and Linzhi (LZ) around the southeastern Tibetan Plateau were determined by the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (Re). The satellite remote sensing-VPM model estimates of GPP values (GPPMODIS) used the satellite-derived 8-day surface reflectance product (MOD09A1), including satellite-derived enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and land surface water index (LSWI). In this paper, we assembled a subset of flux tower data at these three sites to calibrate and test satellite-VPM model estimated GPPMODIS, and introduced the satellite data and site-level environmental factors to develop four new assimilation models. The new assimilation models’ estimates of GPP values were compared with GPPMODIS and GPPTower, and the final optimum model among the four assimilation models was determined and used to calibrate GPPMODIS. The results showed that GPPMODIS had similar temporal variations to the GPPTower, but GPPMODlS were commonly higher in absolute magnitude than GPPTower with relative error (RE) about 58.85%. While, the assimilation models’ estimates of GPP values (GPPMODEL) were much more closer to GPPTower with RE approximately 6.98%, indicating that the capacity of the simulation in the new assimilation model was greatly improved, the R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) of the new assimilation model were 0.57–4.90% higher and 0.74–2.47 g C m−2 s−1 lower than those of the GPPMODIS, respectively. The assimilation model was used to predicted GPP dynamics around the Tibetan Plateau and showed a reliable result compared with other researches. This study demonstrated the potential of the new assimilation model for estimating GPP around the Tibetan Plateau and the performances of site-level biophysical parameters in related to satellite-VPM model GPP. 相似文献
17.
The assimilation of Earth observation (EO) data into crop models has proven to be an efficient way to improve yield prediction at a regional scale by estimating key unknown crop management practices. However, the efficiency of prediction depends on the uncertainty associated with the data provided to crop models, particularly climatic data and soil physical properties. In this study, the performance of the STICS (Simulateur mulTIdisciplinaire pour les Cultures Standard) crop model for predicting corn yield after assimilation of leaf area index derived from EO data was evaluated under different scenarios. The scenarios were designed to examine the impact of using fine-resolution soil physical properties, as well as the impact of using climatic data from either one or four weather stations across the region of interest. The results indicate that when only one weather station was used, the average annual yield by producer was predicted well (absolute error <5%), but the spatial variability lacked accuracy (root mean square error = 1.3 t ha−1). The model root mean square error for yield prediction was highly correlated with the distance between the weather stations and the fields, for distances smaller than 10 km, and reached 0.5 t ha−1 for a 5-km distance when fine-resolution soil properties were used. When four weather stations were used, no significant improvement in model performance was observed. This was because of a marginal decrease (30%) in the average distance between fields and weather stations (from 10 to 7 km). However, the yield predictions were improved by approximately 15% with fine-resolution soil properties regardless of the number of weather stations used. The impact of the uncertainty associated with the EO-derived soil textures and the impact of alterations in rainfall distribution were also evaluated. A variation of about 10% in any of the soil physical textures resulted in a change in dry yield of 0.4 t ha−1. Changes in rainfall distribution between two abundant rainfalls during the growing season led to a significant change in yield (0.5 t ha−1 on average). Our results highlight the importance of using fine-resolution gridded daily precipitation data to capture spatial variations of rainfall as well as using fine-resolution soil properties instead of coarse-resolution soil properties from the Canadian soil dataset, especially for regions with high pedodiversity. 相似文献
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This article illustrates two techniques for merging daily aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from satellite and ground-based data sources to achieve optimal data quality and spatial coverage. The first technique is a traditional Universal Kriging (UK) approach employed to predict AOD from multi-sensor aerosol products that are aggregated on a reference grid with AERONET as ground truth. The second technique is spatial statistical data fusion (SSDF); a method designed for massive satellite data interpolation. Traditional kriging has computational complexity O(N3), making it impractical for large datasets. Our version of UK accommodates massive data inputs by performing kriging locally, while SSDF accommodates massive data inputs by modelling their covariance structure with a low-rank linear model. In this study, we use aerosol data products from two satellite instruments: the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer and the geostationary operational environmental satellite, covering the Continental United States. 相似文献
19.
大气温室气体监测仪GMI（Greenhouse gases Monitor Instrument）是高分五号（GF-5）卫星载荷之一，主要用于全球温室气体含量监测和碳循环研究。高精度反演是卫星大气CO2遥感的基本需求。地表反射率影响卫星遥感辐射量及辐射传输过程中的地气耦合过程，严重制约着CO2的反演精度，针对GMI开发高精度的大气CO2反演算法，地表反射是一个需要重点考虑的因素。城市是CO2重要的发射源，且城市下垫面存在明显的二向反射特性，加上城市大气条件不良，复杂的地气耦合效应存在这都考验反演算法的准确性和鲁棒性。本文针对北京城市地区，利用2011年—2016年共5年的MODIS（MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer）地表二向反射分布函数BRDF（Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function）数据，构建了适合利用单次观测数据反演的BRDF模型，并提出一种同时反演地表BRDF参数和大气CO2含量的算法。结果表明在550 nm波长处气溶胶光学厚度AOD（Aerosol Optical Depth）小于0.4时，大部分GMI模拟数据的反演误差控制在0.5%（~2 ppm）内。利用GOSAT （Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite）实测数据的反演结果与修正后的日本国立环境研究所NIES（National Institute for Environmental Studies）反演结果进行对比，其平均误差为1.25 ppm，相关性达到0.85。本算法满足GMI数据在北京城市区域高精度CO2反演的需求，并使得反演高值气溶胶区域数据成为可能，增加了GMI观测数据的利用率。 相似文献