共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
地质样品痕量元素分析中的基体校正,前人作过大量工作。但是对于主元素(主要指铁)吸收限长波侧的基体校正还未很好解决。本文利用相对吸收的概念,计算了主 相似文献
2.
基于地质统计学的NDVI图像估值技术 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
将疏采样后的NDVI图像作为未受云层影响的已知数据,分别用普通克里格、泛克里格、指示克里格和序贯指示模拟对NDVI图像进行恢复并比较其效果。研究发现,各种克里格法对NDVI图像的估值效果由高到低依次为泛克里格、普通克里格、指示克里格,通常计算方便的普通克里格法就能够满足图像恢复所要求的精度;普通克里格方差和泛克里格方差只能反映数据的构型,不能很好地衡量估值图像的不确定性,指示克里格的条件方差的分布和实际误差的分布基本一致,能够较好地衡量估值图像的不确定性,并且其大小与NDVI影像数据的不确定性大小的分布一致。序贯指示模拟得到的多个等概率实现表现出很大的空间变异性,多个实现的均值图像光滑效应明显,估值精度不高,但是多个实现的方差分布可以很好地表征空间数据的不确定性分布。 相似文献
3.
Indicator Kriging without Order Relation Violations 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Raimon Tolosana-Delgado Vera Pawlowsky-Glahn Juan-Jose Egozcue 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(3):327-347
Indicator kriging (IK) is a spatial interpolation technique aimed at estimating the conditional cumulative distribution function
(ccdf) of a variable at an unsampled location. Obtained results form a discrete approximation to this ccdf, and its corresponding
discrete probability density function (cpdf) should be a vector, where each component gives the probability of an occurrence
of a class. Therefore, this vector must have positive components summing up to one, like in a composition in the simplex.
This suggests a simplicial approach to IK, based on the algebraic-geometric structure of this sample space: simplicial IK
actually works with log-odds. Interpolated log-odds can afterwards be easily re-expressed as the desired cpdf or ccdf. An
alternative but equivalent approach may also be based on log-likelihoods. Both versions of the method avoid by construction
all conventional IK standard drawbacks: estimates are always within the (0,1) interval and present no order-relation problems
(either with kriging or co-kriging). Even the modeling of indicator structural functions is clarified. 相似文献
4.
一种改进的X荧光分析基体效应校正方法及软件实现 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
在能量色散 Ｘ 荧光谱分析中,使用罗兹方程法校正基体效应,存在一定的局限性。为了获得最佳校正效果,本文提出了一种改进的基体效应校正法。该法是以罗兹方程为基础,在校正模型中引入特散比,并加强待校正元素在模型中作用的一种经验系数法。为了能够快速地对地质样品进行批量分析,在 Ｗ ｉｎｄｏｗ ｓ９８ 平台上,运用 Ｖ Ｃ＋ ＋ ５．０ 工具编制了分析软件,由其完成全部校正分析过程。 相似文献
5.
Simplicial Indicator Kriging 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Indicator kriging (IK) is a spatial interpolation technique devised for estimating a conditional cumulative distribution function at an unsampled location. The result is a discrete approximation, and its corresponding estimated probability density function can be viewed as a composition in the simplex. This fact suggested a compositional approach to IK which, by construction, avoids all its standard drawbacks (negative predictions, not-ordered or larger than one). Here, a simple algorithm to develop the procedure is presented. 相似文献
6.
Dae S. Young 《Mathematical Geology》1987,19(6):481-501
Indicator kriging (IK) is extended to analyze three-dimensional random unit vectors and evaluate the local probability distribution of rock joint orientations in geological formations. The pole vector representing joint orientations is regionalized and projected on a plane normal to the mean attitude of the joint family and centered at the mean. A two-dimensional cutoff system is developed to define the indicator variable, and corresponding indicator variograms and indicator kriging. The cutoff system defines probability regions similar to those of a bivariate distribution, concentric rings sliced into radial sectors. A case study made on an open pit mine proved positively the efficiency of IK and encourages its applications to localized probabilistic structural modeling for geotechnical or geohydrological analysis and oil and gas reservoir analysis. 相似文献
7.
水工建筑物或控制河段的上下游水位差是水流运动的决定性要素,是流量推算中的最重要因子。在平原水网区,水位差很小,人工观测精度对其影响十分突出,直接影响流量定线和流量推算的精度,不能满足社会对水资源精细配置的需求。为提高水位差的测量精度,设计了河流水位差计;付之应用,对水位差的测量,无需进行水尺零点高程校正,无需进行水位的对比观测,而且能在任意数量级内提高水位差精度(根据精度选择探头),所构成的误差只有很微小的仪器器差,可满足流量定线与精确推流的目的。该系统还可以同时测记水位。河流水位差计设计简洁,仪器生产难度小,附属设施施工方便,整体造价低廉,具有良好的开发应用前景。 相似文献
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9.
Julienne R. Emry Alison Olcott Marshall Craig P. Marshall 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(1):29-47
Raman hyperspectral imaging is becoming a popular technique to analyse geological materials. Autofluorescence can affect the quality of the spectra that comprise hyperspectral data sets. Few studies have addressed potential misinterpretation of Raman images from hyperspectral data sets affected by autofluorescence. Additionally, little work has been done to develop methods for identifying the spatial distribution of spectra affected by autofluorescence. This study illustrates how autofluorescence may lead to misinterpretation of the distribution of materials based on intensity at a point images. A method is proposed utilising signal to axis analysis to create images that identify regions affected by autofluorescence. Post‐processing baseline correction is often used to address autofluorescence, and most software programs utilise a form of partial least squares regression modelling based on a subjective choice of polynomial order. This study shows that an inappropriate choice of polynomial order can introduce error, which may lead to misinterpretation of Raman images. A signal to axis analysis method is proposed to statistically compare seemingly ‘appropriate’ baseline correction trials. Although post‐processing of hyperspectral data sets and creating Raman images seem simple, data quality issues such as autofluorescence must be considered. If baseline correction is deemed necessary, it should be addressed as an experiment involving statistical comparison. 相似文献
10.
Groundwater inflow assessment is essential for the design of tunnel drainage systems, as well as for assessment of the environmental impact of the associated drainage. Analytical and empirical methods used in current engineering practice do not adequately account for the effect of the jointed-rock-mass anisotropy and heterogeneity. The impact of geo-structural anisotropy of fractured rocks on tunnel inflows is addressed and the limitations of analytical solutions assuming isotropic hydraulic conductivity are discussed. In particular, the study develops an empirical correction to the analytical formula frequently used to predict groundwater tunnel inflow. In order to obtain this, a discrete network flow modelling study was carried out. Numerical simulation results provided a dataset useful for the calibration of some empirical coefficient to correct the well-known Goodman’s equation. This correction accounts for geo-structural parameters of the rock masses such as joint orientation, aperture, spacing and persistence. The obtained empirical equation was then applied to a medium-depth open tunnel in Bergamo District, northern Italy. The results, compared with the monitoring data, showed that the traditional analytical equations give the highest overestimation where the hydraulic conductivity shows great anisotropy. On the other hand, the empirical relation allows a better estimation of the tunnel inflow. 相似文献
11.
基于神经网络的沉陷区水深遥感研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为获取煤矿积水沉陷区遥感影像数据与沉陷区水深的定量关系,建立了BP神经网络水深反演模型,并对淮南潘一矿积水沉陷区水深进行了反演。首先对Landsat卫星影像数据(TM影像)进行几何校正、大气校正和沉陷区范围提取等,然后输出像元反射率值,并与水深实测控制点坐标匹配,使水深值与反射率值对应。实验结果表明:以水深值2 m为阈值,水深值小于2 m的区域,模型反演水深值与实测水深值的平均绝对误差为0.166 3 m,平均相对误差为13.29%;水深值为2~6 m的区域,模型反演水深值与实测水深值平均绝对误差为0.578 6 m,平均相对误差为15.20%。 相似文献
12.
分析了用阿基米德方法测定金块密度时影响准确度的３个因素,即不同温度下水密度的影响及其校正放置金块吊篮的影响及校正以及天平感量与测定误差间的关系。 相似文献
13.
针对目前参数估计方法存在稀遇洪水频率设计值偏大的问题,提出采用基于数值次序统计量期望值的适线法计算洪水频率设计初始值;针对目前参数估计方法存在常遇洪水频率设计值偏小的问题,提出采用周文德公式修正目前频率设计偏小的情形,计算洪水频率设计修正值;针对目前传统方法计算洪水频率设计值抽样误差大的问题,提出采用基于数值次序统计量标准差的方法计算洪水频率设计保证值。定量分析表明,提出的基于数值次序统计量期望值的优化适线法具有良好的无偏性和有效性;寸滩站洪水频率设计修正值大于频率设计初始值,且两者偏差随着频率减小而减小;寸滩站洪水频率设计保证值明显大于修正值。 相似文献
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15.
通过对地形体及其密度信息数字图像化,利用计算机仿真能较精确地计算出地形体在任意一点的重力场强度。在重力异常地形校正时,用各测点的实测数据减去相应测点的地形体重力场强度,即得到地形改正和中间层改正后的重力场强度。这样,重力异常校正中的地形改正和中间层改正可一并完成,既简化了校正的工作步骤,又提高了准确性。通过地形体实例,分别用数字图像仿真计算和积分精确计算其重力场强度,结果表明,二者计算结果十分相近。用数字图像仿真计算地形体重力场强度,误差较小,准确性较高,该方法完全适合重力异常地形校正。 相似文献
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17.
Bias Correction for View-limited Lidar Scanning of Rock Outcrops for Structural Characterization 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Matthew J. Lato Mark S. Diederichs D. Jean Hutchinson 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2010,43(5):615-628
Lidar is a remote sensing technology that uses time-of-flight and line-of-sight to calculate the accurate locations of physical
objects in a known space (the known space is in relation to the scanner). The resultant point-cloud data can be used to virtually
identify and measure geomechanical data such as joint set orientations, spacing and roughness. The line-of-sight property
of static Lidar scanners results in occluded (hidden) zones in the point-cloud and significant quantifiable bias when analyzing
the data generated from a single scanning location. While the use of multiple scanning locations and orientations, with merging
of aligned (registered) scans, is recommended, practical limitations often limit setup to a single location or a consistent
orientation with respect to the slope and rock structure. Such setups require correction for measurement bias. Recent advancements
in Lidar scanning and processing technology have facilitated the routine use of Lidar data for geotechnical investigation.
Current developments in static scanning have lead to large datasets and generated the need for automated bias correction methods.
In addition to the traditional bias correction due to outcrop or scanline orientation, this paper presents a methodology for
correction of measurement bias due to the orientation of a discrete discontinuity surface with respect to the line-of-sight
of the Lidar scanner and for occlusion. Bias can be mathematically minimized from the analyzed discontinuity orientation data. 相似文献
18.
渤海三维多分量地震勘探水平分量方位校正 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在海上三维多分量地震勘探中,不论采用何种海底电缆采集系统进行海上作业,在室内资料处理中,都要首先计算海上水平分量检波器的方位定向.然后,再对水平分量实施方位旋转,以便得到径向R分量和切向T分量的波场.结合渤海进行的海上三维多分量地震勘探情况,为了达到对海上水平分量记录进行准确的相位和能量校正的目的,分两步实施.第一步是利用海底电缆检波器海上定位资料对水平分量的方位进行校正,以消除大部分的方位能量误差;第二步是在第一步校正的基础上,利用直达波信息进行第二次方位校正,进一步消除方位能量误差. 相似文献
19.
在区域化探数据系统误差校正工作中,为使校正的结果更符合实际地质情况,在分析了地质背景与地球化学数据之间关系的基础上,认为同一地质背景条件下相同地质体的化探数据来源于同一总体,具有相同的数据特征,提出了一种依据地质背景分析的误差校正方法,探讨了该方法的基本原理及工作步骤。以辽宁省3幅1/20万区域化探Ag元素图幅拼接为例,证实了该方法消除系统误差的有效性,并有利于图件的解释与应用。 相似文献
20.
江陵凹陷北部高速玄武岩下二维广角地震初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
江汉油田江陵凹陷北部高速玄武岩发育,利用常规地震资料很难得到高速玄武岩下的地震反射。分析研究表明,广角地震有利于玄武岩下的地震成像。通过综合正演和实际地震数据完成了广角地震资料的处理,获得了江陵凹陷北部高速玄武岩下的反射地震信息。在开展广角地震波场的识别和利用研究过程中,从正演模型出发,探讨了在不同地质条件下高速层对地震波场的影响,并针对靶区资料讨论了如何识别广角地震信息。在上述基础上,通过对实际地震资料做精细的分析和处理,最终完成了高速玄武岩下地震资料的成像。 相似文献