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Most of the Proterozoic carbonate formations of Peninsular India, and the so-called ‘unfossiliferous’ carbonates of the Sub- and Lesser Himalaya, contain abundant columnar and branching stromatolites. Systematic study of some of these stromatolites supports their use in biostratigraphy and reveals their Riphean—Proterozoic affinity. A synthesis of stromatolite studies in India has been attempted. A biostratigraphic correlation of the stromatolitic formations of Sub- and Lesser Himalaya extending from Jammu in the west to Buxa in the eastern Himalaya has been established. A probable correlation of those of Peninsular India has been indicated, based on available information. A bibliography on Indian stromatolites is appended. 相似文献
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叠层石被广泛认为是地球上的一些最古老的生命痕迹,是研究地球早期生命的重要窗口。作为前寒武纪地层中的唯一常见化石,可以作为地层对比的标志,特别是中、新元古代盆地间的地层对比。青海省中祁连地层分区东岔沟村花石山群克素尔组以白云质碳酸盐岩组合为主,赋存大量叠层石。依据曹瑞骥和袁训来总结的分类方法,在研究区识别出9种不同的叠层石属,分别为：Baicalia、Chihsienella、Anabaria、Tielingella、Conicodomenia、Tungussia、Colonnella、Stratifera和Cryptozoon。研究区叠层石组合与中元古界上部蓟县系铁岭组叠层石组合具有明显的可比性,与国内其他地区的中元古代晚期—新元古代早期叠层石组合也有很强的相似性,据此推测花石山群克素尔组的年代大致为中元古代晚期。青海叠层石的报道将为我国和世界范围内中、新元古代叠层石的分布提供新产地的数据,常见叠层石属、种的垂直分布延限也有新的化石证据,对提升地层对比的精度具有重要意义。 相似文献
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作为微生物席建造物的叠层石记录了大量的古环境和古地理信息,在豫西寒武系出露18层叠层石,以宏观和微观沉积特征为基础,依据各组段叠层石丰度(层厚度)和分异度(形态类型)的演化,将豫西寒武纪叠层石划分为6个演化组合。从叠层石组合的微观纹层、微生物化石及其微生物席演化等方面,结合沉积学和生物化石特征,探讨了豫西寒武纪叠层石的幕式演化,分别为微生物岩-叠层石演化幕和微生物岩-灰岩演化幕。以中寒武世灰岩中微生物岩与遗迹化石的密度关系为例,并从整个寒武纪微生物岩与后生动物化石之间关系的角度分析,认为叠层石微生物岩演化与后生动物之间并非只是简单的“此消彼长”,而是一种动态平衡的耦合关系。 相似文献
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Fine‐grained agglutinated elongate columnar stromatolites: Tieling Formation,ca 1420 Ma,North China 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Mesoproterozoic Tieling Formation, near Jixian, northern China, contains thick beds of vertically branched, laterally elongate, columnar stromatolites. Carbonate mud is the primary component of both the stromatolites and their intervening matrix. Mud abundance is attributed to water column ‘whiting’ precipitation stimulated by cyanobacterial photosynthesis. Neomorphic microspar gives the stromatolites a ‘streaky’ microfabric and small mud flakes are common in the matrix. The columns consist of low‐relief, mainly non‐enveloping, laminae that show erosive truncation and well‐defined repetitive lamination. In plan view, the columns form disjunct elongate ridges <10 cm wide separated by narrow matrix‐filled runnels. The stromatolite surfaces were initially cohesive, rather than rigid, and prone to scour, and are interpreted as current aligned microbial mats that trapped carbonate mud. The pervasive ridge–runnel system suggests scale‐dependent biophysical feedback between: (i) carbonate mud supply; (ii) current duration, strength and direction; and (iii) growth and trapping by prolific mat growth. Together, these factors determined the size, morphology and arrangement of the stromatolite columns and their laminae, as well as their branching patterns, alignment and ridge–runnel spacing. Ridge–runnel surfaces resemble ripple mark patterns, but whether currents were parallel and/or normal to stromatolite alignment remains unclear. The formation and preservation of Tieling columns required plentiful supply of carbonate mud, mat‐building microbes well‐adapted to cope with this abundant sediment, and absence of both significant early lithification and bioturbation. These factors were time limited, and Tieling stromatolites closely resemble coeval examples in the Belt‐Purcell Supergroup of Laurentia. The dynamic interactions between mat growth, currents and sediment supply that determined the shape of Tieling columns contributed to the morphotypical diversity that characterizes mid–late Proterozoic branched stromatolites. 相似文献
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系统性地对湖北松滋地区下奥陶统叠层石特征进行的详细研究。结果显示,叠层石在研究区下奥陶统南津关组、分乡组和红花园组均有分布,在纵向上具有规模、厚度和数量逐渐减小的特征,横向上叠层石类型也发生有规律的变化,由水平层状、波状逐渐变为柱状的类型。新发现并命名了两种叠层石类型,即凝块状叠层石和双锥柱状叠层石。根据几何形态特征,可以将研究区的叠层石分为层状、波状、柱状、丘状以及凝块状五种类型。在对各类型叠层石的沉积特征进行详细阐述基础上,根据叠层石发育的形态类型,结合不同类型叠层石内部的岩性、微相及显微特征,对研究区各类叠层石沉积环境进行了分析,并总结了研究区叠层石的沉积模式。根据中奥陶世初期后生动物的大量增加与叠层石突然减少的对应关系,结合研究区叠层石中发现大量后生底栖食草腹足类Ecculiomphalus化石等现象,认为叠层石的逐渐减少、衰退与后生动物丰度增加有一定关系,食草动物不仅啃食了形成叠层石的菌藻类微生物,造成叠层石数量的不断减少,而且破坏了叠层石的生长状态,并形成了独具研究区特征的凝块状叠层石。此外,研究认为,中奥陶世开始,海平面的快速上升也是研究区叠层石减少直至消失的原因之一。 相似文献
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辽宁省兴城市夹山地区中元古界长城系白云岩中首次发现叠层石,其产出层位为前人在这一地区划分的"常州沟组"顶部,自下而上为Stratifera sp.层叠层石(未定种),Cryptozoon sp.卷心菜叠层石(未定种),Eucapsiphora sp.叠球藻叠层石(未定种)。该组合以及邻区葫芦岛等地团山子组中的叠层石类型均属于燕山、太行地区团山子组叠层石组合带分子。上述叠层石的发现为夹山地区划分出团山子组提供了重要的生物地层学证据。根据岩石组合特征、叠层石形态垂向分布规律及其与古环境演化的关系分析,认为兴城地区团山子组沉积环境演化为海退沉积序列(浅滩到潮间、潮上带)到海侵沉积序列(潮间、潮上带到潮间、潮下带)。 相似文献
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1 Introduction The stromatolites of the Jiawengmen area in the southern belt of the Eastern Kunlun orogen were initially interpreted as vortex structures by the Regional Geological Survey Team, Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources in 1973; these samples were then identified as algal fossils of Sinian age by the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology (Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1973). In 1994, Chen and Luo (1998) discovered some stromatolites, i… 相似文献
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Kathleen Grey 《Precambrian Research》1982,18(4):347-365
Stromatolites are abundant at many horizons in the Proterozoic of Western Australia. Recent advances in knowledge of Proterozoic stratigraphy of the state have provided a more detailed framework for interpreting the stromatolite data than has been available previously. In the 1.7 Ga Earaheedy Group of the Nabberu Basin a characteristic stromatolite assemblage occurs, and within the basin a biostratigraphic succession can be recognized. The assemblage contains several new forms which belong to new groups. The need to erect new groups for these early Proterozoic stromatolites is in agreement with recent studies in Canada, northern Europe and South Africa, and suggests that the problem of ‘younger’ or late Proterozoic stromatolite groups in early Proterozoic rocks mentioned by previous workers is a result of a lack of rigour in defining taxa. Examination of type material is necessary to determine how closely the Earaheedy forms resemble those described from these other regions.In Western Australia some stromatolite forms have a restricted vertical range and similar taxa occur in beds of approximately the same age in widely-separated areas: e.g. Kimberley Group and Earaheedy Group; Scorpion Group and Limbunya, Birrindudu, McArthur, Mt. Rigg and Mt. Albert Groups and Bungle Bungle Dolomite; Tolmer and Bullita Groups; Moora and Bangemall Groups; Kai Ki Beds, Louisa Downs, Mount House and Albert Edward Groups.Stromatolite diversity shows a decline in the number of taxa at about 1.1. Ga in the Bangemall Group. More data are required to determine whether this decline is universal or specific to the Bangemall Group. This study indicates that a stromatolite biostratigraphy for Western Australia is feasible and is consistent with data from other parts of Australia. Thus emphasis on correlation should be placed on the stromatolite form rather than the group, and intercontinental correlations should be attempted only when local biostratigraphic schemes have been firmly established. 相似文献
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M. E. Raaben 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2006,14(2):150-163
Columnar stromatolites representing more than a half of species described in Precambrian stromatolite assemblages reveal a regular trend of size variations during the Proterozoic and Early Paleozoic. Their dimensional parameters grew gradually during the Paleoproterozoic to attain peak values in the Early Riphean and to decline steadily afterward during the Middle-Late Riphean, Vendian, and Cambrian. Size variations are established based on statistically averaged maximum diameters of columns calculated for 230 taxa and on percentages of large, medium and small species occurring in successive units of stratigraphic scale. The units correspond to three Paleoproterozoic subdivisions (time span from 2.3 to 1.65 Ga) and to five subdivisions of the Riphean, Vendian and Early Paleozoic jointly spanning a comparable period of geologic time. The results of calculation depict a unimodal variation curve with one infliction point designating inversion of ascending and descending trends in the Early Riphean time. The inversion and cardinal changes in taxonomic composition of the entire stromatolite community across the Riphean lower boundary appear to be interrelated. Abiotic events, which certainly influenced diversity of all, especially columnar stromatolites, have no manifestation however in the size-variation curve lacking perceptible oscillations in both the ascending and descending branches. Consequently, dimension parameters of columnar stromatolites appear to be independent of direct influence of abiotic events. 相似文献
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PETER N. SOUTHGATE 《Sedimentology》1989,36(2):323-339
Stromatolite biostromes and bioherms in the lower two units of the Late Proterozoic Loves Creek Member of the Bitter Springs Formation represent shallowing upward and deepening upward sequences. In the central unit stromatolite form is governed by relative position in an asymmetric shallowing upward sequence. Ooid and/or peloid-intraclast grainstones and small, irregular bulbous and columnar stromatolites characterize the basal, transgressive portion of cycles. Domal, columnar and stratiform stromatolites comprise the bulk of the cycle. These forms accreted in a gradually shallowing epeiric sea. Domal stromatolites predominate in the deeper parts of cycles. Here synoptic relief gradually increases upwards. Columnar and stratiform stromatolites predominate in the shallower parts of cycles, where synoptic relief rapidly diminishes upwards. In thin-bedded dolo-mudstones at the tops of cycles the co-occurrence of desiccation cracks, tepee structures, scalloped dissolution surfaces, gypsum moulds and anhydrite nodule pseudomorphs provides evidence for subaerial exposure. In contrast, stromatolites in a unit at the base of the Loves Creek Member accreted during a gradual rise in sealevel. Stratiform, columnar and domal stromatolitic building blocks of the shallowing upward cycle are present in this deepening sequence, but only the lower half of the shallowing upward cycle is represented. Synoptic relief of the stromatolitic laminae gradually increases upward throughout the basal stromatolitic unit. Recognition of a deepening upward stromatolite sequence at the base of the Loves Creek Member, and a disconformity surface between this sequence and the underlying Gillen Member, permits palaeoenvironmental re-interpretation of the Loves Creek Member as a single ‘large scale’ sea-level cycle. 相似文献
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扬子克拉通北缘神农架地区中元古界神农架群叠层石十分发育。该群下部乱石沟组中叠层石类型丰富,根据形态可分为柱状、穹状、层状叠层石以及锥状、层柱状、包心菜状、墙状叠层石和叠层石丘等。研究区叠层石以中小型为主,少数为大型和巨型;多数无壁,部分具单层壁;对称性和继承性由好到一般,部分较差。研究表明,叠层石的形态和规模,与水动力条件、水体深度及陆源组分含量关系密切,其中层状叠层石主要发育于潮间带上部,柱状叠层石产于潮间带下部和浅潮下带,穹状叠层石出现在潮间带和潮下带,锥状叠层石多见于潮间带下部和潮下带,层柱状、锥柱状叠层石则集中于潮间带,叠层石丘位于潮间带和潮下带。依据各类型叠层石宏观和微观特征、垂向组合类型、沉积构造及沉积岩相相互关系,并结合碳、氧同位素测试结果,综合研究认为: 虽然叠层石的形成受生物和环境等多重因素影响,但生物因素主要影响叠层石的微观组构,水动力条件则控制叠层石的宏观形态类型,水体深度影响叠层石的规模;另外,生物繁盛、陆源物质供给少的环境更有利于叠层石发育。 相似文献
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Stromatolite morphology is usually controlled by a number of biological and environmental factors. In the south‐eastern part of the Korean Peninsula, three stromatolite units of the Cretaceous Sinyangdong Formation have been studied with regard to the effect of diagenesis on their morphology. Here, it is proposed that subaerial exposure and meteoric diagenesis are the most significant factors in shaping the stromatolites of the Cretaceous Sinyangdong Formation. Most previous palaeontological and sedimentological studies on stromatolites have concentrated on the environmental and biogenic controls on stromatolite morphology. These include extrinsic factors such as sedimentation rates or current velocities. The main controlling factor on the morphology of the stromatolites in the Sinyangdong Formation is apparently transient subaerial exposure and related meteoric diagenesis. Textural examination of stromatolite samples from three stratigraphic horizons shows a characteristic repetitive pattern of cycles with gradual transition from fibrous calcite to micrite layers, reflecting changes in the hydrological cycle of the lake in which the stromatolites grew. Stromatolite growth was terminated by corroded surfaces indicative of subaerial exposure related to a fall in lake level. The growth pattern of the stromatolites was mostly determined by the morphology of the corroded substrates during subaerial exposure. Furthermore, the internal stromatolite structure was strongly modified by the process of leaching. As a result, growth forms mostly changed from stratiform to columnar mesostructure. This study strongly implies that diagenesis could make a very significant influence on the morphogenesis of lacustrine stromatolites in the geological past. 相似文献
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Robert J. Horodyski 《Precambrian Research》1976,3(6):517-536
Calcareous stromatolites of the upper Siyeh Limestone (ca. 1.1 ° 109 years old) were studied in the central part of Glacier National Park, Montana. The stromatolites, mound- and dome-shaped structures deposited in a shallow, generally submerged, tidally influenced setting, were formed by a combination of in situ carbonate precipitation and organic stabilization of detrital material. Well-developed, 1–4 cm diameter, branched columns occur in a single stromatolite bed.Physical factors, including the size and shape of sediment-surface irregularities upon which the stromatolites developed, the rate of sedimentation between stromatolites, and the water depth, played a major role in controlling stromatolite macrostructure. Deposition of non-organically stabilized detritus on stromatolite growth surfaces inhibited the development of small-diameter columns by smoothing over developing growth features. Columnar structures are absent in stromatolites that contain abundant non-organically stabilized sediment. In contrast, they are well-developed in a stromatolite bed that is relatively deficient in such material.“Molar-tooth” structures are common in the impure dolomitic limestones, and the abundant sheet-shaped forms appear to be sparry-calcite-filled syneresis cracks. 相似文献
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东昆仑南带加嗡门地区碳酸盐岩地层中发现的中元古代晚期-新元古代早期叠层石组合以大型锥叠层石及其相关的分子Conophyton garganicus var. inkeni,C. cf. ressoti Menchikov, Jacutophyton f. 和Conicodomenia cf. longotenuia等最丰富, 并与Baicalia共生, 故可视之为Conophyton-Baicalia组合.这叠层石组合可以与天山、华北等地蓟县系中部-青白口系中部叠层石组合对比,尤其酷似于天山地区蓟县系的爱尔基干组合和华北蓟县系的闪坡岭叠层石组合,而显著有别于华南地块.它还可以与南乌拉尔、西伯利亚、北美、北非和阿拉斯加半岛等地区的中里菲界上部--上里菲界下部层位中的叠层石组合对比.加嗡门叠层石组合的时限为距今1 300～850 Ma,大致为蓟县纪中期-青白口纪中期或中里菲晚期-晚里菲早期.东昆仑南带存在前寒武纪微地块,当时此微地块的古地理和古环境与天山、华北、西伯利亚和阿拉斯加半岛等地区的前寒武纪地块相似,均位于低纬度区,其上均广泛发育适宜叠层石繁育的温暖陆表海,它们可能共同处于罗迪尼亚超大陆的低纬度大陆边缘部位,与华南地块的不同.这对本区和东昆仑地层和大地构造研究,以及对罗迪尼亚超大陆重建提供了新的古生物约束. 相似文献
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This study represents an attempt to understand some of the many post-lithification chemical processes which affect the evolution of kerogen. Kerogens separated from four carbonate stromatolites, collected over a horizontal distance of ～ 350 km from the Malmani Dolomite of the Olifants River Group in the Transvaal Supergroup, were characterized by combined vacuum pyrolysis—gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relative profiles of the gas chromatographic peak distributions and intensities (·finger print patterns’) of three of the kerogen pyrolyzates were closely similar. The Zeerust stromatolite kerogen yielded a different pattern, showing a greater abundance of higher molecular weight aliphatic and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon moieties than the other three samples. Many of the stromatolites near the Zeerust area contain epigenetic fluorite introduced by aqueous solutions. Fluid inclusion homogenization analysis showed that the emplacement temperature of fluorite in the sample studied was 100–200°C. Fluoride ion initiated base catalyzed condensations may have been a feasible cause for the production of higher molecular weight aliphatic and (indirectly) some alkyl aromatic moieties in this stromatolite, as compared to those in the other three samples. Acid-catalyzed condensations may also achieve similar results in aqueous diagenetic environments. 相似文献
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前寒武纪叠层石命名和分类的研究历史及现状 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
作者从历史角度介绍了关于叠层石生物学命名上存在的争议，简要论述了建立叠层石命名法规的重要性，并讨论了叠层石分类原Ⅻ。为了摆脱叠层石命名和分类上的误区，作者提出了三点建议。 相似文献
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Mississippian (Early Carboniferous) stromatolite mounds in a fore-reef slope setting, Laibin, Guangxi, South China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Mississippian (Early Carboniferous) is generally a period of scarce carbonate buildups in South China. This study documents
outcrops of stromatolite mounds at Mengcun and Helv villages, in Laibin City, Guangxi Province, South China. The stromatolite
mounds contain various stromatolite morphologies including laminar, wavy-laminar, domal or hemispheroidal, bulbous, and flabellate-growth
columns. Intramound rocks are brachiopod floatstone and dark thin-bedded laminated micrite limestone. Individual stromatolites
at Mengcun village are generally 3–6 cm thick and morphologically represent relatively shallow-water laminar (planar and wavy-undulated
stromatolites) and deeper-water domal, bulbous and columnar forms. Where mounds were formed, the stromatolites continued growing
upward up to 60 cm thick. Thrombolitic fabrics also occur but are not common. Stromatolite microscopic structure shows the
bulk of the lamination to consist of wavy microbialite and discrete thin micritic laminae. These mounds are intercalated in
deep-water fore-reef talus breccia, packstone formed as a bioclastic debris flow and thin-bedded limestone containing common
chert layers of the Tatang Formation (late Viséan). Further evidence supporting the deep-water setting of the stromatolite
mounds are: (1) a laterally thinning horizon of brachiopod floatstone containing deep-water, small, thin-shelled brachiopods,
peloidal micritic sediments and low-diversity, mixed fauna (e.g., thin-shelled brachiopods, tube-like worms and algae) that
have been interpreted as storm deposits, (2) common fore-reef talus breccias, (3) lack of sedimentary structures indicating
current action, (4) preservation of lamination with sponge spicules, and (5) lack of bioturbation suggesting that the stromatolites
grew in a relatively low energy, deep-water setting. The stromatolite mounds are the first described stromatolite mounds in
Mississippian strata of South China and contain evidence that supports interpretations of (1) growth history of Mississippian
microbial buildups and (2) environmental controls on stromatolite growth and lithification. 相似文献