共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
地磁场源于地核流体的运动,至少已有约35亿年历史.地磁场的起源及演化一直是地球科学研究的前沿领域之一,这是因为它既是地球宜居环境的重要保障,也是探究地球系统各圈层联系的重要途径.本文重点围绕保留在岩石中的"深时"古地磁场记录,分析在地球内部磁场的形成与维持、地磁场极性倒转、以及地磁场强度变化等古地磁场研究三个方面的主要... 相似文献
2.
地球磁极倒转的星地碰撞成因 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
地球磁场多次发生南北(正负)磁极位置的变换, 即极性倒转, 这已为大家所公认; 但造成这种极性倒转的原因, 则是迄今未能很好解答的一个难题.基于地球磁场的发电机效应理论和星地碰撞的动力效应研究, 探讨了外星撞击地球造成地磁场极性倒转的可能性.研究表明, 当外星沿与地球自转的正逆不同方向撞击地球时引起的地球转速快慢变化, 可导致地球内部核、幔圈层之间的转速相对快慢关系(相对运动方向)发生改变, 从而受其控制的液核涡旋方向及相应的地磁场方向也会随之改变, 于是就形成地磁极性倒转.这是一个新的思路, 它给地磁极性倒转提出了一个简明的动力机制解释. 相似文献
3.
The Earth’s free oscillations are recorded for the first time in variations of the geomagnetic field measured at the Earth’s surface. The Earth’s free oscillations in the frequency range from 0.3 to 4 mHz manifest in the spectra of geomagnetic variations in the form of clearly expressed quasi-harmonic peaks. It is shown that the spectral amplitudes of the main modes of the Earth’s free oscillations are not constant and change with a periodicity corresponding to a lunar (sideral) month. The data obtained indicate the influence of oscillations in the internal geospheres on variations in the terrestrial magnetic field. The results provide new opportunities to study the Earth’s free oscillations and to specify their multiplet components. In addition, they also have certain implications for further research into the internal structure of the Earth and geodynamic processes in internal geospheres, on the basis of magnetometric data. 相似文献
4.
SHEN Wei 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(6):1097-1102
It is generally acknowledged that geomagnetic polarity has reversed many times in geological history and an abnormal geologic phenomenon is the Cretaceous normal superchron. However, the causes have been unknown up to now. The nonlinear theory has been applied to analyze the phenomenon in geomagnetic polarity reversal and the Cretaceous normal superchron. The Cretaceous normal superchron implies that interaction of the Earth’s core-mantle and liquid movement in the outer core may be the lowest energy state and the system of Earth magnetic field maintains a sort of temporal or spatial order structure by exchanging substance and energy in the outside continuously. During 121-83 Ma, there was no impact of a celestial body that would result in a geomagnetic polarity reversal, which may be a cause for occurrence of the Cretaceous normal superchron.The randomness of geomagnetic polarity reversal has the self-reversion characteristic of chaos and the chaos theory gives a simple and clear explanation for the dynamic cause of the geomagnetic polarity reversal. 相似文献
5.
地球磁场极性在地质历史中发生过相当频繁的倒转。作者将地球内部划分为岩石圈－软流圈－中圈－液圈－固核等5个动力学圈层，认为中圈与固核间可异步旋转；地球偶极磁场由中圈与固核异步旋转时所驱动的液圈中的封闭涡流与系磁场作用产生；该偶极子场极性由地球所通过的银道面上侧或下侧磁场方向及液圈涡流的方向共同决定，二者之一反向，极性发生倒转。 相似文献
6.
Doklady Earth Sciences - Based on the Chelyabinsk (February 13, 2013) and Lipetsk (June 21, 2018) events, disturbances in the Earth’s geomagnetic field, which were induced by the fall of... 相似文献
7.
构造演化与成矿系统动力学——以胶东金矿集中区为例 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：19
成矿系统的形成、演化与区域构造演化和地球动力学行为有关,成矿系统动力学是确定成矿系统演化和最终结果的关键,其研究是对传统成矿理论的突破,具有重要的理论与实践意义。胶东地区长期处于大陆边缘,构造成岩成矿作用过程表现出复杂性和多样性：（１）太古宙—元古宙绿岩地体产生、形成———金的矿源系统雏形;（２）古生代构造环境稳定———金成矿作用间歇;（３）中生代绿岩带强烈活化改造———构造成岩成矿;（４）新生代构造继承性活动———后期构造破矿作用。胶东金矿集中区是典型的剪切带构造成矿系统,是区域尺度地质作用的产物,其形成、演化受大陆岩石圈和深断裂成熟度控制,与太平洋区板块俯冲碰撞及郯庐断裂带的形成、演化紧密相关,其发生和作用过程及演化受地壳演化和地球动力体制转换制约,与区域构造的形成、演化相互关联。“断裂阀地震泵吸周期性破裂愈合”的构造动力体制转换是成矿物质活化、运移、聚集、成矿的基本动力学保障,构造应力场转换是其重要表现形式,金的成矿作用发生于剪压变形构造岩相向剪张变形构造岩相转换的时空界面 相似文献
8.
Weijia Zhang Yuanlin Sun Neil Kelley Yang Lei Hangjie Yu 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2012,53(5):491-499
Growth lines in the mineralized tissues of living and fossil organisms often exhibit regular patterns that record daily, monthly, or annual cycles. Growth laminations in fossil corals and other marine invertebrates indicate long-term deceleration of the Earth’s rotation, probably largely due to tidal friction, resulting in a decline in the number of days per year over the Earth’s history. Fossils suggest the rate of decline has not been uniform, with the trend between the late Carboniferous and Cretaceous in particular departing from preceding and subsequent periods. However, insufficient data have obscured the nature and cause of the apparent halt in despinning within this time interval. Here we present new fossil geochronometer data that reveal a sustained acceleration in the Earth’s rotation in the early Mesozoic Era, lasting about 90 million years and producing a decrease in the length of day (LOD) at an average rate of about 3 ms/cy. The coincidence of this acceleration with certain geophysical events including the final assembly of Pangaea and a change in the intensity and stability of the geomagnetic field strongly suggests that its cause is rooted in the deep interior of the Earth. A similar explanation has been proposed for observed decadal variations in the Earth’s rotation. Our results suggest large-scale linkage of rotational variation, tectonics, and the geomagnetic field to core–mantle boundary (CMB) dynamics. Furthermore the newly identified acceleration in the Earth’s rotation which began at the end of the Paleozoic, and the geophysical factors that are associated with it, can ultimately bear on the causal mechanisms behind the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. 相似文献
9.
M. Z. Glukhovsky 《Geotectonics》2009,43(3):226-250
The Aldan Shield—the southern segment of the Aldan-Stanovoi sialic nuclear, 1100 km in diameter—is subdivided into an inner granulite-gneiss and an outer amphibolite-gneiss domain. This heterogeneity arose in the Paleoproterozoic as a result of thermotectogenesis, i.e., the sum of magmatism, metamorphism, and deformation superimposed on the older Archean crust. In addition to metamorphic heterogeneity, the main consequences of the Paleoproterozoic thermotectogenesis comprised the emplacement of mafic dikes of various ages and the centrifugal evolution of a radial tectonomagmatic system consisting of complementary granitoids and anorthosites. Thermotectogenesis proceeded in a pulsatory manner with alternation of extension and compression settings in the near-equatorial epi-Archean supercontinent. These consequences and the mechanism of pulsatory evolution are described by a model of plume-related underplating in combination with the change of the Earth’s rotation in the regime of oscillatory evolution of the Earth-Moon system. 相似文献
10.
A.Yu. Kurazhkovskii N.A. Kurazhkovskaya B.I. Klain V.Yu. Bragin 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2010,51(4):380-386
Published and new data on the Earth’s past magnetic field have been interpreted in terms of its links with the frequency of magnetic polarity reversals and with tectonic events such as plume-related eruptions and rifting. The paleointensity and reversal frequency variations show an antiphase correlation between 0 and 160 Ma, and the same tendency likely holds for the past 400 Myr. The geomagnetic field intensity averaged over geological ages (stages) appears to evolve in a linearly increasing trend while its variations increase proportionally in amplitude and change in structure. Both paleointensity and reversal frequency patterns correlate with rifting and eruption events. In periods of high rifting activity, the geomagnetic field increases (15 to 30%) and the reversals become about 40% less frequent. Large eruption events between 0 and 150 Ma have been preceded by notable changes in magnetic intensity which decreases and then increases, the lead being most often within a few million years. 相似文献
11.
对地球系统科学的几点认识 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
地球系统科学将是２１世纪地球科学的主旋律,它被定义为：“将地球作为一个整体来伯全部知识;对地球的气圈、水圈、生物圈和岩石中的各种作用及各层圈间相互作用时间进行的研究”。此种学术思想可追溯到１００多年前,见於文字也有近二十年。它对当代地学的发展起了重要的推动作用,有四个特点：地球现象的远距离相互联系、影响;内动力和外动力研究一体化;地质作用和生物作用研究一体化;一类活动作为地球系统的一部分。当前地球系统科学的发展也提出了一些新问题,主要的是：在学术思路上对与岩石圈有关的地质作用有所忽视;观察研究系统不全面;还未深人到资源形成和小环境的研究中。近年来的观测试验表明,发生在岩石圈的各种地质作用正积极参与垒球各圈层间的物质能量交换。对它们的忽视,可能正是目前一些生物地球化学循环模型无法平衡的原因。 相似文献
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13.
金属成矿省成矿年代学研究的新进展——以华北地台北缘为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以华北地台北缘金属成矿省（区、带）地质历史演化为实例讨论近１０年来国内外成矿年代学研究的若干新进展,内容涉及成矿年代学研究的金属成矿省等级体制成矿的年代学背景,代表性地区的金属矿床成矿年代演化,金属成矿省成矿事件的年代鉴证,成矿年代省和成矿年代区的建立。文中重点提出,成矿年代学作为学科,不同于矿床成矿年代和同位素测年技术。它是在一定的成矿区域（金属成矿省）内应用矿床成矿年代研究区域的成矿地质历史演化,做出成矿热事件和建立成矿年代省的年代鉴证,提出先兆成矿（Ｔｐ）、初始成矿（Ｔｉ）、主期成矿（Ｔｔ）、滞后成矿（Ｔｈ）、终结成矿（Ｔｅ）的成矿流程和成矿跨度（Ｔｓ）,为全球或一个地区的、在地球动力演化过程中出现的、可作为演化热事件特殊标记的矿床谱写其成矿年代演化历史,从而发展“时间维”造就“空间维”的“演化成矿学”,发挥“成矿演化是一切成矿因素函数”的成矿远景评价效应 相似文献
14.
Jun Korenaga 《地学学报》2008,20(6):419-439
The chemical composition of the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) indicates that the present‐day thermal budget of Earth is likely to be characterized by a significant excess of surface heat loss over internal heat generation, indicating an important role of secular cooling in Earth’s history. When combined with petrological constraints on the degree of secular cooling, this thermal budget places a tight constraint on permissible heat‐flow scaling for mantle convection, along with implications for the operation of plate tectonics on Earth, the history of mantle plumes and flood basalt magmatism, and the origin and evolution of Earth’s oceans. In the presence of plate tectonics, hotter mantle may have convected more slowly because it generates thicker dehydrated lithosphere, which could slow down subduction. The intervals of globally synchronous orogenies are consistent with the predicted variation of plate velocity for the last 3.6 Gyr. Hotter mantle also produces thicker, buoyant basaltic crust, and the subductability of oceanic lithosphere is a critical factor regarding the emergence of plate tectonics before the Proterozoic. Moreover, sluggish convection in the past is equivalent to reduced secular cooling, thus suggesting a more minor role of mantle plumes in the early Earth. Finally, deeper ocean basins are possible with slower plate motion in the past, and Earth’s oceans in the Archean is suggested to have had about twice as much water as today, and the mantle may have started as dry and have been gradually hydrated by subduction. The global water cycle may thus be dominated by regassing, rather than degassing, pointing towards the impact origin of Earth’s oceans, which is shown to be supported by the revised composition of the BSE. 相似文献
15.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2015,56(7):959-977
The paper is focused on the fundamental problem of influence of extraterrestrial factors on the Earth’s geologic and tectonic evolution. Extraterrestrial factors played a decisive role in the Earth’s genesis, the formation of the first Hadean continental crust, and the beginning of the Archean era. Their significant influence persisted in the later epochs: Even in the Phanerozoic, extraterrestrial factors might have had a considerable influence on the environment. The sialic cores of protocontinental crust (4.4-3.9 Ga) with first-generation greenstone zones (3.8-3.2 Ga) and the global system of granite-greenstone belts (3.1-2.7 Ga) formed in the rotation-plume regime, mainly in the subequatorial hot belt. The formation of these global structures was, to a large extent, influenced by asteroid impacts, which caused the impact-triggered genesis of mantle plumes. Dramatic changes in the subsequent geologic history began at 2.7-2.0 Ga; at 2.0 Ga they terminated with the Moon’s transition to an orbit similar to the present-day one (50 ± 3 Earth’s radii), accompanied by the abrupt slowdown of the Earth’s axial rotation, the termination of formation of the layer D", and the start of recent plate tectonics, which is accompanied by the plume tectonics. 相似文献
16.
Jun Korenaga 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(22):6952-6628
The possibility of a hidden geochemical reservoir in the deep mantle has long been debated in geophysics and geochemistry, because of its bearings on the structure of the core-mantle boundary region, the origin of hotspots, the style of mantle convection, the history of the geomagnetic field, and the thermal evolution of Earth. The presence of such hidden reservoir, however, may invalidate existing models for the composition of the bulk silicate Earth because these models invariably assume that major chemical differentiation in the mantle follows the compositional trend exhibited by upper-mantle rocks. This article presents a new method to estimate the composition of the bulk silicate Earth by explicitly taking into account the possibility of a hidden reservoir. This geochemical inference is formulated as a nonlinear inverse problem, for which an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is developed. Inversion results indicate that the formation of a hidden reservoir, if any, took place at low pressures probably within the first 10 Myr of the history of the solar system and was subsequently lost from the Earth by impact erosion. The global mass balance of the bulk silicate Earth is revisited with the inversion results, and the depletion of highly incompatible elements in the present-day Earth is suggested to be moderate. 相似文献
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18.
The formation of manganese rocks and ores occurred during the whole geological history of the Earth. Five metallogenic epochs
(Early to Middle Proterozoic, Late Proterozoic, Early to Middle Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic, and Meso-Cenozoic) and 7 very important
phases (Early, Middle, and Late Proterozoic, Early to Middle Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic, Late Mesozoic, and Meso-Cenozoic)
can be distinguished. The phases of manganese ore genesis at many stratigraphic levels are closely related to the global climatic
and tectonic reconstructions (the breakup of the continent of Gondwana and periods of glaciations and aridization) and biotic
events (mass extinction of organisms). Based on carbon isotopic composition in manganese carbonates, participation of oxidized
organic carbon is established. 相似文献
19.
N. A. Bozhko 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2009,64(2):75-91
The Earth’s evolution is determined by supercontinental cyclicity with a period of 400 Ma. A supercycle consists of a supercontinental proper and an inter-supercontinental stage, each of which includes two phases, respectively: integration-destruction and fragmentation-convergence. The worldwide analysis of geologic-historic and isotope-geochronologic data supports the existence of such cyclicity. In all, ten supercontinental cycles of supercontinents have been identified; in this case, the most ancient proto-supercontinent was recognized tentatively, Supercontinents identified previously by other researchers fit into this cyclicity. An association between magmatism from mantle plumes and certain phases of supercontinental cyclicity was revealed. Amalgamation and breakup of supercontinents occurred against the background of disymmetry of the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth, which changed its polarity between the cycles. 相似文献
20.
东北印度洋地理位置独特,其沉积物记录了青藏高原隆升及孟加拉扇的“源-汇”过程、印度季风与东亚季风的“海-气”交互作用、印-太暖池热传输的演变与高纬气候之间的相位关系等关键信息,是喜马拉雅地区“构造-气候-沉积”耦合演化的良好记录载体,是探讨多圈层相互作用、探索古气候与古环境演化的理想“窗口”。本文系统总结了近年来有关东北印度洋季风与表层环流特征、沉积物组成及物源、气候环境演化以及环境磁学记录等方面的研究进展。分析表明,东北印度洋为典型的季风风场,表层环流受季风影响强烈,夏季和冬季环流差异明显。沉积物类型丰富,包括河流输运而来的陆源碎屑、钙质和硅质为主的生物沉积以及火山物质等。但目前对于该区域的沉积物的具体组成、“源-汇”过程、迁移历史、季风演化与青藏高原隆升、高纬气候变化之间相互关系等方面的认识尚存在较大的分歧。同时,受样品获取难度大、磁学信号稀释严重等因素的限制,环境磁学作为一种在示踪沉积物物质来源、恢复古气候和古环境等方面被普遍认可的技术手段,在东北印度洋区并没有得到充分的发挥与应用。因此,未来需要在前人研究的基础上,将目光向东北印度洋更南、更深处延伸,对其“源-汇”过程进行全面分析。在研究方法上进一步拓展,采用更高精度的技术手段提取磁学信号,加大环境磁学的应用,寻找有效的替代性指标,解决该地区季风演化、古海洋环境变化等气候环境问题,为该地区环境气候研究提供新认识。并尝试开展地磁场长期变化(paleosecular variation, PSV)研究,建立东北印度洋的PSV记录,辅助修正全球地磁场模型,探究地球深部动力过程。 相似文献