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1.
In 1995 and 1996 we undertook surveys to identify the status, perspectives, and contributions of women and men in physical geography and geosciences/geology, and to study the evolution of our fields. This paper presents the results of the physical geography survey, and considers the following questions: How have academic men and women physical geographers' professional development experiences differed? Do men and women in physical geography emphasize different research areas? Do their research methods differ from one another? Gender differences were identified most strikingly in rank and tenure status, research topics and methodologies, and professional satisfaction. Generational differences by academic rank were identified in professional satisfaction and in pull factors. Minor gender differences were found in dual career couple status, but this status had major effects on career choices and opportunities for both men and women. This paper is part of our larger project aimed at comparing and contrasting geoscience/geology and physical geography, and at including the earth sciences in gender and science studies that have long focused on mathematics, chemistry, biology, and physics.  相似文献   

2.
Louise Bracken  Emma Mawdsley 《Area》2004,36(3):280-286
Fieldwork in geography has come under close scrutiny from feminist and postcolonial scholars in recent years. In relation to physical geography, commentators have pointed to a range of practices and images (notably the 'heroic', masculinist 'ideal') that have acted to deter and exclude women, from undergraduates to senior academics. For some, fieldwork is one of the key sites of gender discrimination for women in physical geography. This paper starts from a position of agreement with many of these critiques, but also seeks to 'reclaim' some more positive accounts and perspectives on the subject. In doing so, it aims to critique and disrupt the dominant image of physical geography fieldwork as essentially a masculinist endeavour, and encourage a wider view of the challenges and pleasures of fieldwork for women in physical geography.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

After fifteen years of geographic education efforts, a baseline geography skills test was repeated in Indiana. In 2002, 2,278 students in college freshman geography courses were tested with a revision of the National Council for Geographic Education Competency-Based Geography Test, Secondary Level Form II. The test measured geographic ability in map skills, place name location, physical geography, and human geography. As in 1987, the 2002 test gathered personal information from each student on age, gender, travel experience, and prior geographic education. Test scores were lower by two percent in 2002. Travel and lifetime experience are again the best teachers of geography as opposed to high school geography course work. Significant performance differences persist between gender and ethnic groups. Arts and science students perform significantly higher than students from education, business, and other schools. Test results underscore the need to emphasize more intentional classroom focus on state standards and preparation of classroom teachers.  相似文献   

4.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):260-261
Abstract

A baseline geography test was administered to over 3,000 Indiana college students enrolled in introductory geography courses. The National Council for Geographic Education Competency-Based Geography Test, Secondary Level, Form II, was used to measure the 1987 level of geographic ability in the areas of map skills, place-name location, physical geography, and human geography. Personal information gathered from each respondent included age, sex, travel experience, and level of geographic education. Older students scored better while geographically immobile groups scored lower. A strong correlation was found between travel and geographic knowledge. Findings show low overall geographic ability and that factors of age, travel experience and gender are correlated with certain aspects of geographic knowledge and skills.  相似文献   

5.
女性主义地理学观及其思想史意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
论文从本体论、认识论和方法论3个层面讨论了女性主义地理学观的建构,并说明了女性主义地理学对更新地理学观的意义,以及对当代主流人文地理学思潮的潜在影响。在本体论层面上,女性主义地理学一直直面西方传统社会文化思想中的等级制性别化二元论,建构了主张女性和男性在建构社会及社会空间中具有交互性关系的本体论。在认识论和方法论层面上,女性主义地理学证明了女性及其空间在西方社会中处于弱势的认识论和方法论根源,动摇了实证主义地理学认识论和方法论中永恒性、普遍性、客观性的预设,阐释了地理学认知过程中情感等主观因素的可靠性,并建构了“去中心化”的认识论和方法论框架。无论在本体论还是在认识论和方法论层面上,当前的女性主义地理学主流思潮都有一定的中和性色彩,这一倾向使女性主义地理学在地理学观演进,以及以人文地理学思想为代表的地理学思想演进中,都具有重要的位置。西方女性主义地理学的兴盛,与其直面西方的社会文化思想根源问题不无关联。在中国女性主义地理学开始发展的当下,注重分析中国女性及其空间问题产生的社会文化思想根源,将有助于中国女性主义地理学的发展,并提升其潜在的价值。  相似文献   

6.
综合自然地理研究有关问题的探讨   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
倪绍祥  查勇 《地理研究》1998,17(2):113-118
该文从进一步完善综合自然地理研究的角度出发,就与综合自然地理研究有关的几个问题如综合自然地理学的研究对象,综合研究的内涵,区域综合研究以及综合自然地理研究成果的应用作了剖析.  相似文献   

7.
空间分析与自然地理综合研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
通过对空间分析技术和自然地理综合研究发展历程与趋势的分析,得出两个结论:1)现代地理学的快速发展越来越离不开空间分析的支撑,即空间分析技术在地理学中的应用空间愈来愈广,在自然地理综合研究中尤为如此,其主要原因就是空间分析在综合研究中的优势愈来愈明显;2)空间分析技术随其理论与实践的迅速发展及逐步拓展,愈来愈成为自然地理学发展的巨大推动力,也越来越离不开自然地理综合研究这个促使其发展壮大的空间和能发挥其主导作用的领域。空间分析技术和自然地理综合研究的结合已经成为现代自然地理学以及地球空间信息学研究的主要发展趋势之一。  相似文献   

8.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):238-244
Abstract

Much has been written about sex differences in learning, but less attention has been paid to the impacts of gender—which is socially constructed—on learning geography. This article investigates whether differences in gender influence performance on a standardized test of geography knowledge. Undergraduate students in two large clases completed a standardized inventory of gender differences and then completed a standardized test of geography knowledge. The results of our analysis of the correlation between gender traits and geographic learning resulted in somewhat unexpected results, as well as a set of complex questions for further research on learning styles in geographic education.  相似文献   

9.
自然地理学学科体系与发展战略要点   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
自然地理学是地理科学的一门基础学科,同时也是生态学、环境科学等相关学科的科学基础。自然地理学重点研究地球表层自然环境的空间特征、演变过程及其地域分异规律,以及过去人—环境相互作用的发展过程。在社会经济和科学技术快速发展的新时期,自然地理学与综合地理学、人文地理学、信息地理学的联系更加密切和广泛。本文结合《中国学科及前沿领域发展战略研究(2021—2035)》地理科学的学科规划,分析自然地理学学科的形成过程,阐述综合自然地理学、部门自然地理学、人类生存环境学的分支学科体系,提出自然地理学及其分支学科的学科发展战略布局、优先领域发展目标和重点方向。  相似文献   

10.

The role that space and place play in the construction of gender relations on different geographical scales is examined in this article. It is easy to identify national variations in the relation between sexes, and such comparisons are common. In many cases, the nation-state constitutes the level of analysis in gender-oriented studies. Comparative studies within nations are not so numerous. Nevertheless, geographical research has the potential to develop an analytical model capable of identifying the spatial dimension in gender constructions. A place-based approach visualises how local places shape gender relations and contribute to gender identities and understanding of men and women. This article shows how geographical analysis can be used to describe how physical and human geography interplay with economy, politics, religion, culture, etc., in the construction of gender contracts at a local level. Gender contracts are unwritten rules that regulate relations between sexes, and re-create and reform relations as everyday actions within the framework of these local structures. Together these various local contracts construct a regional structure.  相似文献   

11.
新时代自然地理学发展的思考   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
自然地理学是地理学的基础学科,也是地理学综合研究的基石。本文在梳理自然地理学主要研究进展的基础上,思考了新时代自然地理学的发展方向。在全球环境变化驱动下,自然地理学及其分支学科在传承中得到新的发展。自然地理学近年来的研究进展主要表现为自然地理过程综合与深化、陆地表层系统集成、陆海相互作用和区域生态环境管理应用等方面。自然地理学及其分支学科的发展需要面向全球环境变化和人类需求,探索应用新技术新方法,开展多要素多过程集成研究,发展并完善地理模型,模拟和预测环境变化与可持续发展,服务于国家重大需求和政府决策。在发展过程中,亟待关注以下前沿领域与方向:①地貌学需要重点加强地貌学与全球环境变化及人类活动关系研究;②生物地理学有待深化属性地理学、全球变化生物地理学等前沿领域的探索,连接变化背景下的生物地理空间分布与人类需求;③水文学需要开展多要素、多过程、多尺度的综合集成研究,发展生态水文学、社会水文学、水文形态学等新兴学科领域;④自然地理学有待全方位介入气候变化研究,在气候变化国际重大研究计划、气候变化框架公约等方面发挥更加积极的支撑功能;⑤综合自然地理需要面向国家重大需求,聚焦人地系统耦合研究,在资源环境承载力评估、生态安全格局与生态文明建设等领域作出积极贡献;⑥自然地理学需深化耦合自然与人文要素及过程研究,建立发展复杂系统模拟模型,分析和模拟变化环境下的自然、人文要素耦合机制和陆地表层系统动态变化规律。  相似文献   

12.
A common problem faced by geography departments, particularly during times of fiscal compression and mounting pressure for accountability, is how to compare themselves and their faculty with others. The recent revolution in bibliometrics provides a growing volume of data that can be used in benchmarking exercises. In this article, we assess the production and citation of journal articles and books by tenure-track and tenured faculty in selected U.S. and Canadian geography departments (n = 17) according to a set of readily derived and transparent performance indicators derived from publicly available data. Scopus was used to assess article production and citation; Google Scholar was used for book citation. Results point to significant heterogeneity in department characteristics, productivity, and citation of published work. The number of publications, citations, and h-Index scores among scholars in the sample (n = 369) is related strongly to academic age and subfield of enquiry (i.e., physical or human geography) but not—despite apparently marked differences in output and citations—to gender.  相似文献   

13.
自然地理学、地球表层学和综合地理学   总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5  
综合自然地理学一方面自分区扩展到土地类型和地段的研究;另一方面扩大为地球表层的综合研究,走向综合地理学、建设地理学、全息地理学等方面研究。地理学要从区域第一转向理论第一,促使发展理论地理学,还要开展元地理学研究。  相似文献   

14.
自然地理学研究前沿   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15  
自然地理学的研究前沿是在学科发展和社会需求的共同驱动下形成的.对资源环境问题的全球性关注和我国可持续发展面临的重大问题对自然地理学提出了一系列需求.国际地圈生物圈计划、全球环境变化人文因素计划、世界气候研究计划、生物多样性计划以及地球系统科学联盟中的许多领域包含着自然地理学的研究前沿,我国国家重点基础研究发展计划、国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部优先发展领域、科技支撑计划等也提出了一系列自然地理学的研究前沿.若干自然地理学的新方法和技术已被应用于数据采集、模型模拟、实验室分析、自然地理过程研究、环境变化研究、全球自然地理学研究.本文概括了所有这些前沿领域和论题.  相似文献   

15.
中国综合自然地理学的近今进展与前瞻   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
许学工  李双成  蔡运龙 《地理学报》2009,64(9):1027-1038
综合自然地理学及相关的景观生态学是自然地理学的重要分支学科。本文综述了近年来综合自然地理学在学术和应用方面取得的重要进展,由3部分组成:(1) 学科发展回顾;(2) 近今主要进展,包括在基础研究理论与方法技术方面的学科进展和研究成果应用方面的贡献;(3) 学科未来展望,包括机遇与挑战分析和重点研究领域。综合自然地理学的未来发展应注意以下方面:进一步促进更高层次的综合与集成,加强多学科间的交叉融合,共同探究地表系统复杂性问题及机制;进一步提高观测技术和模型模拟的水平,以解决空间与时间上更为复杂的生物地理过程和格局问题;进一步拓展应用领域,为国家资源、环境和社会经济的可持续发展提供科技支持。  相似文献   

16.
唐登银 《地理科学进展》2013,32(7):1024-1026
黄秉维先生一生致力于综合自然地理研究, 是卓越的自然地理学家。更加难能可贵的是, 在成绩面前他总能看到地理学的弱点和自身工作的不足, 提出革新自然地理学的思想, 从而开启了中国综合自然地理研究的新方向, 对中国地理学界产生了深刻影响, 成为中国20世纪自然地理研究的一代宗师。  相似文献   

17.
Physical geographers are often confronted with the decision of whether to publish in geography or nongeography journals. The present study seeks to quantify the number of articles with a significant hydrology content published in geography versus hydrology journals by physical geographers from 1997 to 2002 using the ISI Web of Knowledge electronic database. Of 690 articles published in the 10 selected geography and hydrology journals during the period of study, over four‐fifths were published in hydrology journals. Based on our interpretation of the data, the comparatively smaller audience in geography and the risk of acquiring fewer citations compels physical geographers to publish in hydrology journals for increased visibility. A critical mass of physical geographers should consider publishing some of their work in physical geography journals to elevate the status of geography in the academy.  相似文献   

18.
试论中西古典地理学思想渊源   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
鞠继武 《地理研究》1992,11(1):5-14
地理环境、生产活动及哲学思想,是我国先秦时期和古希腊时期的古典地理学思想发轫的主要渊源。由于先秦和古希腊在地理环境,生产活动及哲学思想上的差异,因而双方古典地理学的发展,异多于同,各具特色。  相似文献   

19.
李容全  邱维理 《地理学报》2013,68(9):1281-1291
周廷儒院士是我国著名的地理学家、地理教育家,中国新生代地理学创建人。他开拓学科新方向的学术思想与成就,为地理学新一代创新人才的成长提供了典型范例。周廷儒院士为解决中国何以有特殊的江南湿润亚热带和独特的自然环境格局两个区域自然地理学难题,博览古今中外书刊,寻求立足学科前沿的科学答案。他在1960 年提出"以古论今,预见未来"的超前学术思想,开创了探讨区域起源、演变与发展的自然地理学新方向——新生代地理学,使中国的区域自然地理研究迈上新里程,步入世界前列。周先生明确了自然地理学的研究核心为地理环境的演变,确立的地理环境演变的时间起点为新生代初期。他所论述的新生代地理演变研究的基本原理包括:① 水平地带被破坏后产生各级区域;② 地理环境演变受主导因素组合定律控制;③ 驱动演变的能源有内能和外能,以内能占优势。同时,他还对地理环境演变的分析与综合研究方法进行了阐述。周先生的学术成就主要在于明确了中国自然地理原始水平地带遭到破坏的时代在古近纪末,五大自然地理区主要形成在新近纪及其以来,经过第四纪演变,形成现代中国地理环境的格局。他的论著,特别是"中国自然地理——新生代古地理"的出版,标志着中国区域自然地理学时代巅峰研究成果的问世。他提出的"以古论今,预见未来"的定理,已经成为当今及未来自然地理学,特别是区域自然地理学研究的基本指导思想。  相似文献   

20.
薛芮  陈慧  魏玲玲 《热带地理》2022,42(9):1419-1429
在地理学视角上,拐卖犯罪是一种非正常的人口迁移活动。随着人文地理学的关系转向兴起,关系地理学给拐卖犯罪研究提供一种多元、复杂、动态的拓扑关系逻辑,有助于探究拐卖犯罪现象和相关主体间的关联性与过程性。以关系地理学为视角,首先梳理关系地理学在拐卖犯罪问题上的理论张力,获得关于拐卖犯罪的关系地理学基本认知;然后从空间、地方、主体性内涵上解构拐卖犯罪以及“后拐卖”情境,进而以此为依据,总结和建构关系地理学嵌入拐卖犯罪治理与后拐卖发展干预的研究逻辑。研究发现,父权文化下的“性别”和“身体”为拐卖犯罪的滋生提供了土壤和“市场”,作为最小的空间尺度,身体的实践是研究拐卖犯罪的重要入口,在拐卖犯罪活动所构成的关系网络中,存在着空间性的身体规训和权力割裂。同时,拐卖犯罪会带来多元的历时的影响,被拐儿童和妇女在后拐卖情境下会存在地方关系和主体间性的重构。拐卖犯罪治理与后拐卖发展干预都需要引入关系地理学视角,以“关系”视角打通逻辑思路框架。  相似文献   

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