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1.
中国陆地生态系统近30年NPP时空变化研究   总被引:21,自引:1,他引:20  
陈福军  沈彦俊  李倩  郭英  徐丽梅 《地理科学》2011,31(11):1409-1414
通过陆地生态系统碳循环模型(CASA模型),利用AVHRR的NDVI长期监测数据,逐像元模拟1981~2008年中国陆地生态系统NPP的时空变化,分析其对气候因子的响应关系。结果表明,中国陆地生态系统NPP总量在3.38 ~4.35 Pg C/a之间变化,平均约为3.8 Pg C/a,且研究期间呈上升趋势。在青藏高原、新疆天山地区和东北大小兴安岭、长白山等冷湿区,NPP年总累积量和年均温呈显著正相关,和年降水量呈显著负相关;地处华北的太行山、燕山等山区和内蒙古中部草原区等干燥环境区,NPP与年降水呈正相关关系;青藏高原及新疆地区和华北平原、四川盆地等农业区,NPP与年均温呈正相关关系。  相似文献   

2.
全球陆地生态系统与大气之间碳交换的模拟研究   总被引:31,自引:1,他引:31  
李银鹏  季劲钧 《地理学报》2001,56(4):379-389
利用陆面物理过程和植被生理生态过程完全动态耦合的大气植被相互作用模式 (AVIM) ,对全球陆地生态系统的净初级生产力进行模拟。全球陆地生态系统植被分为 1 3类 ,土壤质地分为 7类 ,确定了各种植被和土壤的模式参数。采用全球陆地 0 .5× 0 .5网格点气候平均资料 ;以 30分钟为步长进行积分。并用全球不同地区各种植被类型的 1 9个 NPP观测样点数据校准模型。AVIM模拟全球陆地生态系统 NPP的主要模拟结果如下 :全球陆地生态系统净初级生产力 (NPP)总量约为 60 .72 Gt Cyr- 1。分析了不同植被类型的 NPP分布 ,模式较好地模拟了全球陆地生态系统净初级生产力的纬向分布和区域分布的差异 ,模拟出中国植被生产力的分布特征。陆地生态系统净初级生产力与温度、降水和辐射等气候因素在不同地区有不同程度相关性 ,北方针叶林地区气候因子与 NPP的相关性明显 ,反映出植被对环境因子的不同响应及其物候特征。赤道热带雨林地区NPP与气候因子的相关性不明显。  相似文献   

3.
中国陆地净初级生产力的季节变化研究   总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22  
了解不同季节陆地净初级生产力(NPP)的变化及与气候的相互关系以及在不同地类的差异对深刻理解我国陆地生态系统对全球气候变化的响应和陆地碳循环研究具有重要意义。本文使用1981~2000年间GLO-PEM模型模拟的我国陆地NPP数据和同期气温、降水以及土地利用数据, 研究不同季节我国陆地植被NPP的变化。结果表明,在1981~2000年期间,四个季节的NPP都呈显著增加趋势,春季是NPP增加速率最快的季节,夏季是NPP增加量最大的季节。耕地在春、夏和秋季NPP增长和增长率最高,林地冬季NPP增长最多而水域冬季NPP增长率最高。夏季NPP增长最高的区域分布于我国东部的多数地区、内蒙古东部、四川盆地、贵州东部、藏南和新疆西部;夏季NPP降低最多的区域分布于在呼伦贝尔高原、鄂尔多斯高原、黄土高原、青藏高原东部和新疆西北部。  相似文献   

4.
黑河流域植被净初级生产力的遥感估算   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13  
卢玲  李新 《中国沙漠》2005,25(6):823-830
利用光能利用率模型C-FIX,高时空分辨率的SPOT/VEGETATION遥感数据,全球格网化气象再分析资料以及黑河流域土地利用图,估算了1998—2002年黑河流域不同生态系统净初级生产力(NPP)的年总量和平均生产力,输出了黑河流域NPP年累积量空间分布格局图、NPP季节动态图,分析了近5a来黑河流域NPP时空变化特征,评价了不同土地利用类型下的生态系统生产力水平差异。其结果表明,黑河流域陆地生态系统NPP空间分布及其季相变化特征是流域自然环境、地貌、气候以及人类生产活动长期共同作用和影响的结果,其中水分条件是控制黑河流域陆地生态系统NPP空间格局的决定因子。1998—2002年黑河流域山区高覆盖度草地和下游荒漠区净初级生产力持续下降,反映出这些地区生态环境恶化严重。这些研究结果可以为黑河流域的水-生态-经济系统的合理设计与有效实施提供科学数据集。  相似文献   

5.
广域空间尺度上植被净初级生产力的精确推算   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
作者介绍了使用遥感、GIS数据和BEPS生态过程模型推算植被净初级生产力 (NPP)的方法。为了准确推算北海道地区NPP,我们改进了BEPS模型,而且使用了高质量GIS数据作为模型的输入数据。通过计算得出1998年北海道NPP的平均值为644 g C/m2,总量为0.078 Gt C。我们还进行了模型输入数据质量对应用生态过程模型推算NPP的精度影响测试。结果表明,高质量的GIS输入数据可以提高NPP推算精度16.6%~39.7%。  相似文献   

6.
中国陆地生态系统在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用,植被净初级生产力(NPP)是重要碳循环分量。但对中国植被NPP未来变化趋势、稳定性及应对气候变化机制的研究尚少见报道。本文应用前期发展的生态系统过程模型CEVSA-RS,分别模拟了RCP4.5和RCP8.5气候情景下2006—2099年中国植被NPP,利用分段线性回归分析NPP年际变化转折点,采用滑动窗口法分析NPP稳定性的变化及气温和降水的影响。结果表明:(1)中国植被NPP在RCP4.5和RCP8.5气候情景下的总量分别为4.41 Pg C a-1和4.40 Pg C a-1,季风区分别贡献了总量的72.8%和73.4%。(2)两种情景下NPP年际变化均为先增后减,转折点分别为2062年和2055年;转折年份之前NPP分别以5.3 g C m-210a-1、6.5 g Cm-210a-1显著增加,后以前期的4.28倍和2.57倍速率下降。(3)两种气候情景下滑动窗口计算的NPP稳定性分别以-2.9%10a-1和-4.3%10a<...  相似文献   

7.
以湖南省为研究区,采用250 m×250 m空间分辨率的MODIS-NDVI数据,结合相应时间段的气象数据,使用改进的CASA模型,模拟并分析该区域2000-2013年间的植被NPP的时空变化特征,并借助统计分析方法对不同土地覆盖类型中植被NPP的变化趋势及其显著性,NPP与气候因子的相关性进行量化分析.结果表明:① 该区域的净初级生产量年际变化特征明显,年净初级生产量分布在41.62~125.40 Tg C/yr之间,平均值为86.34 Tg C/yr,总体来看,14年间湖南省植被净初级生产量呈波动减少趋势,年际减少趋势为2.70 Tg C/yr;② NPP空间分布差异较大,基本特点是西高东低,南高北低,从西南向东北呈逐渐递减趋势,其中,各植被分区的NPP有明显差异;③ 2000-2013年,湖南省植被NPP呈极显著增加(slope >0,p < 0.01),显著增加(slope > 0,0.01 ≤ p < 0.05),无明显变化(p ≥ 0.05),极显著减少(slope < 0,p < 0.01)和显著减少(slope < 0,0.01 ≤ p < 0.05)的区域分别占总面积的比例为5.40%,2.02%,61.64%,16.79%和14.15%.植被NPP变化趋势总体上显示为减少的趋势,而不同土地覆盖类型的植被NPP变化趋势及显著性存在较大差异,其中草地的NPP变化趋势最为显著,接着依次是森林,其他土地,建设用地和农田;④ 分析不同土地覆盖类型的植被NPP对气候因子的响应,发现NPP与降水量之间的相关关系强于其与温度的相关关系.  相似文献   

8.
净初级生产力(NPP)作为生态系统物质与能量循环的基础,是区域和全球尺度碳循环和碳收支研究的重要组成部分。研究区域和全球尺度的净初级生产力主要依靠模型手段实现,过程和遥感模型是目前广泛使用的两种模型形式。本文搜集并整理了基于过程模型和遥感模型对我国陆地生态系统净初级生产力的模拟结果,分析了中国陆地生态系统净初级生产力的时间变化及对未来气候变化的响应特征,旨在对其进行综合评价。结果表明,中国陆地生态系统NPP平均为(2.828±0.827)PgC.a-1。1982-1998年的年际变化特征上,NPP平均每年增加0.027 PgC,年增长率为1.07%,总体上呈现在波动中逐年上升的趋势。不同植被类型的单位面积NPP总体表现为常绿阔叶林显著高于其他植被类型,但不同研究结果间变化范围很大;落叶针叶林、常绿针叶林和落叶阔叶林相差较小;农作物低于阔叶林,但高于针叶林;草地和荒漠均位于低值区,但前者显著高于后者。不同植被类型的NPP总量总体表现为农作物和草地位居前两位,两者之和高达各植被类型NPP总量之和的58.34%;除灌丛和常绿针叶林外,其余植被类型均不足总量的10%。在未来气候情景下,中国陆地生态系统NPP总体上可能表现为先增加后减小的趋势。  相似文献   

9.
南大洋作为全球大洋中重要的碳汇区,分析其净初级生产力(NPP)的分布及变化趋势对气候变化研究具有重要的意义。利用2003—2016年的南大洋NPP数据分析其空间分布情况、季节变化特征及近期变化,并结合海表面温度(SST)和海冰覆盖率(SIC)数据分析两者对NPP的影响。结果表明:①南大洋不同海域年均NPP的范围为64.0—2.26×10^5 mg C·m^–2·a^–1,印度洋扇区、大西洋扇区和太平洋扇区的NPP分别为0.568Gt C·a^–1、0.431 Gt C·a^–1和0.262 Gt C·a^–1;②南大洋NPP在南极大陆近岸海域及威德尔海海域较低,在低纬度岛屿附近和南极大陆部分冰架前缘海域较高;③由于太阳辐射的季节变化,南大洋NPP具有明显的季节变化规律,1月份最高(293.27 Tg C),6月份达到最低值(0.004 Tg C);④2003—2016年大西洋扇区及太平洋扇区的NPP总量变化不具有统计学上的显著性,只在印度洋扇区具有显著的上升趋势;⑤不同扇区NPP的变化趋势主要与SST和SIC的变化有关。  相似文献   

10.
以天山北麓总面积达93 936 km~2的山地-绿洲-荒漠生态样带为例,利用生态-遥感光能利用率模型NPP-PEM,使用1 km分辨率SPOT/VEGETATION遥感等数据资料,估算了生态样带净初级生产力(NPP)空间分布及其季节变化.结果表明山地-绿洲-荒漠生态样带平均NPP为161.06 g C·m~(-2)·a~(-1),样带陆地生态系统年总碳吸收量或年总NPP累积量为15.081 Tg C(1Tg=10~(12)g),其中绿洲农田、山地草甸草原、平原荒漠草原和山地森林对的碳吸收贡献率分别为32.67%、28.16%、12.41%和9.15%.夏季是各类生态系统NPP增加量最大的季节,而沙漠由于早春短命植被覆盖而具有生长双峰现象.样带NPP空间分布及其季相变化特征是自然环境、地貌、气候以及人类生产活动长期共同作用和影响的结果,其中水热条件和基质是控制干旱区陆地生态系统NPP空间格局的决定因子.结果检验表明模拟效果较为合理,证明NPP-PEM模型在干旱生态系统的应用是可行的.研究为干旱区陆地生态系统碳循环研究开辟了途径,可为干旱区生态系统评估、监测和管理提供研究方法和参考依据.  相似文献   

11.
中国陆地生态系统净初级生产力时空特征模拟   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
In this paper,we use CEVSA,a process-based model,which has been validated on regional and global scales,to explore the temporal and spatial patterns of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and its responses to interannual Climate fluctuations in China‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘s terrestrial ecosystems over the period 1981-1998,The estimated results suggest that ,in this study period,the averaged annual total NPP is about 3.09 Gt C/yr^-1 and average NPP is about 342 g C/m^2,The results also showed that the precipitaion was the key factor determining the spsatial distribution and temporal trends of NPP. Temporally,the total NPP exhibited a slowly increasing trend.In some ENSO years( e.g.1982,1986,1997)NPP decreased clearly compared to the previous year,but the relationship between ENSO and NPP is decreased clearly compared to the previous year,but the relationship between ENSO and NPP is complex due to the integrated effects of monsoons and regional differentiation. Spatially,the relatively high NPP occurred at the middle high latitudes,the low latitudes and the lower appeared at the middle latitudes,On national scale,precipitaion is the key conntro factor on NPP variations and there exists a weak correlation between NP and temperature ,but regional responses are greatly different.  相似文献   

12.
The net primary production (NPP) of grasslands in northeastern Asia was estimated using improved CASA model with MODIS data distributed from 2000 and ground data as driving variables from 2000 to 2005. Average annual NPP was 146.05 g C m?2 yr?1 and average annual total NPP was 0.32 Pg C yr?1 in all grasslands during the period. It was shown that average annual grassland NPP in the whole northeastern Asia changed dramatically from 2000 to 2005, with the highest value of 174.80 g C m?2 yr?1 in 2005 and the lowest value of 125.65 g C m?2 yr?1 in 2001. On regional scale, average annual grassland NPP of 179.71 g C m?2 yr?1 in southeastern Russia was the highest among the three main grassland regions in the six years. Grasslands in northern China exhibited the highest average annual total NPP of 0.16 Pg C yr?1 and contributed 51.42% of the average annual total grassland NPP in northeastern Asia. Grassland NPP in northeastern Asia also showed a clear seasonal pattern with the highest NPP occurred in July every year. Average monthly grassland NPP in southeastern Russia was the highest from May to August while average monthly grassland NPP in northern China showed the highest NPP before May and after August. The change rate distribution of grassland NPP between the former three years and the latter three years showed grassland NPP changed slightly between the two stages in most regions, and that NPP change rate in 80.98% of northeastern Asia grasslands was between –0.2 and 0.2. Grassland NPP had close correlation with precipitation and temperature, that indicates climate change will influence the grassland NPP and thus have a great impact on domestic livestock in this region in future.  相似文献   

13.
利用1950—2014年印度粮食单产统计资料及气候变化资料,从实证的角度,定量分析了小麦、水稻单产对气候的年际变化和年代内趋势性变化的响应。结果表明:1)年际变化方面,粮食单产与降水量和雨日数呈显著正相关,与温度和潜在蒸发量呈显著负相关,其中小麦单产与四者的相关系数分别为0.35(P<0.01)、0.24(P<0.10)、-0.32(P<0.05)和-0.41(P<0.001),水稻的相关系数分别为0.32(P<0.05)、0.32(P<0.05)、-0.26(P<0.05)和-0.33(P<0.01)。这表明,高温、少雨导致的水分胁迫不利于粮食增产。2)在年代内趋势性变化方面,1996—2005年印度气候呈现暖、干化趋势,全国平均粮食单产呈下降趋势;从变化速率的空间分异看,单产下降速率与暖、干化速率的空间分异规律基本吻合,单产快(慢)速下降区域与降水量快(慢)速减少、潜在蒸发量快(慢)速增加区域基本一致。水稻和小麦单产变化速率与降水量变化速率的空间分异均呈正相关,与潜在蒸发量变化速率的空间分异均呈负相关。由此表明,降水减少和温度升高导致的水分胁迫是印度粮食单产时空变化的主要气象成因。  相似文献   

14.
The Three-River Headwaters (TRH), which is the source area of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River, is vulnerable and sensitive, and its alpine ecosystem is considered an important barrier for China’s ecological security. Understanding the impact of climate changes is essential for determining suitable measures for ecological environmental protection and restoration against the background of global climatic changes. However, different explanations of the interannual trends in complex alpine ecosystems have been proposed due to limited availability of reliable data and the uncertainty of the model itself. In this study, the remote sensing-process coupled model (GLOPEM-CEVSA) was used to estimate the net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation in the TRH region from 2000 to 2012. The estimated NPP significantly and linearly correlated with the above-ground biomass sampled in the field (the multiple correlative coefficient R2 = 0.45, significant level P < 0.01) and showed better performance than the MODIS productivity product, i.e. MOD17A3, (R2 = 0.21). The climate of TRH became warmer and wetter during 1990-2012, and the years 2000 to 2012 were warmer and wetter than the years1990-2000. Responding to the warmer and wetter climate, the NPP had an increasing trend of 13.7 g m-2 (10 yr)-1 with a statistical confidence of 86% (P = 0.14). Among the three basins, the NPP of the Yellow River basin increased at the fastest rate of 17.44 g m-2 (10 yr)-1 (P = 0.158), followed by the Yangtze River basin, and the Lancang River, which was the slowest with a rate of 12.2 g m-2 (10 yr)-1 and a statistical confidence level of only 67%. A multivariate linear regression with temperature and precipitation as the independent variables and NPP as the dependent variable at the pixel level was used to analyze the impacts of climatic changes on the trend of NPP. Both temperature and precipitation can explain the interannual variability of 83% in grassland NPP in the whole region, and can explain high, medium and low coverage of 78%, 84% and 83%, respectively, for grassland in the whole region. The results indicate that climate changes play a dominant role in the interannual trend of vegetation productivity in the alpine ecosystems on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This has important implications for the formulation of ecological protection and restoration policies for vulnerable ecosystems against the background of global climate changes.  相似文献   

15.
This analysis attempts to discern primary causes of interannual and interdecadal climate variations for precipitation and temperature regions of the conterminous United States. Varimax rotated principal components analysis of annual climate division data is used in the derivation of nine precipitation and five temperature regions. Each region's time series is examined for underlying linear trends, representing long-term climate change, and tests for variance changes, to determine regional climate variability shifts. The first six precipitation components, representing the entire eastern half of the country and the Northwest, displayed significant temporal increases. Of these, four displayed significant increases in interannual variability through time. For temperature, only the Southwestern region showed a significant change (increase) through time. However, significant reductions in temperature variability were confirmed for three regions. To determine the causes of the derived climate shifts, correlation analysis was performed with various atmospheric teleconnection indices. Precipitation trends are most strongly associated with variations in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) at the interannual time scale while interdecadal variations are associated more with variations in the Pacific/North American (PNA) teleconnection. Both interannual and interdecadal variations of regional temperature are most strongly related to the PNA, except for the Southwest, which showed a significant correlation to the SOI. This suggests that El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are the source for much of the precipitation change evident in the eastern and Northwestern United States and temperature change in the Southwest. [Key words: climate change, precipitation, temperature, El Niño, Southern Oscillation, United States climate.]  相似文献   

16.
Net primary productivity (NPP) is the structure and function of the ecosystem. NPP can most important index that represents the be simulated by dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM), which are designed to represent vegetation dynamics relative to environ- mental change. This study simulated the NPP of China's ecosystems based on the DGVM Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) with data on climate, soil, and topography. The appli- cability of IBIS in the NPP simulation of China's terrestrial ecosystems was verified first. Comparison with other relevant studies indicates that the range and mean value of simula- tions are generally within the limits of observations; the overall pattern and total annual NPP are close to the simulations conducted with other models. The simulations are also close to the NPP estimations based on remote sensing. Validation proved that IBIS can be utilized in the large-scale simulation of NPP in China's natural ecosystem. We then simulated NPP with climate change data from 1961 to 2005, when warming was particularly striking. The following are the results of the simulation. (1) Total NPP varied from 3.61 GtC/yr to 4.24 GtC/yr in the past 45 years and exhibited minimal significant linear increase or decrease. (2) Regional differences in the increase or decrease in NPP were large but exhibited an insignificant overall linear trend. NPP declined in most parts of eastern and central China, especially in the Loess Plateau. (3) Similar to the fluctuation law of annual NPP, seasonal NPP also displayed an insignificant increase or decrease; the trend line was within the general level. (4) The re- gional differences in seasonal NPP changes were large. NPP declined in spring, summer, and autumn in the Loess Plateau but increased in most parts of the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

17.
积雪是冰冻圈中较为活跃的因子,对气候环境变化敏感,其变化影响着全球气候和水文的变化。积雪覆盖日数(SCD)、降雪开始时间(SCOD)和融雪开始时间(SCMD)是影响地表物质和能量平衡的主要因素。使用MODIS无云积雪产品提取了叶尔羌河流域2002年7月-2018年6月逐日积雪覆盖率(SCP),基于像元计算了SCD、SCOD和SCMD,系统地分析了其空间分布与变化特征,并探讨了其变化的原因及积雪面积的异常变化与ENSO的联系。结果表明:(1)研究时段内,流域的积雪覆盖面积呈微弱减少趋势,与气温呈显著负相关,与降水呈显著正相关;2002-2018年,SCP随海拔的升高呈明显的线性增加趋势(R2=0.92、P<0.01));各海拔高度带最大SCP出现的月份大致随海拔的上升往后推迟,最小SCP出现月份无显著变化(集中在8月),海拔4000 m以下,春季的SCP小于冬季,海拔4000 m以上,春季的SCP大于冬季。(2)SCD、SCOD和SCMD有明显的海拔梯度,在流域内,从东北至西南,呈现出SCD增加,SCOD提前,SCMD推迟的特征;变化趋势上,流域91.9%的区域SCD表现为减少,65.6%的区域SCOD有往后推迟的趋势,77.4%的区域SCMD表现出提前的趋势。(3)2006、2008年和2017年积雪覆盖面积异常偏大,而在2010年则异常偏小,其原因可能是ENSO影响了积雪的变化。(4)以喀喇昆仑为主的高海拔地区,包括帕米尔高原东部的部分地区,其SCD、SCOD和SCMD分别表现出增加、提前和推迟的趋势,这种变化与其春秋温度的持续走低以及降水量的增加有关。  相似文献   

18.
黄河流域不同时间尺度干旱对ENSO事件的响应   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
周丹  张勃  安美玲  张耀宗  罗静 《中国沙漠》2015,35(3):753-762
利用黄河流域1963-2012年逐月气温和降水量数据,计算了各气象站点不同时间尺度的标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),通过对不同时间尺度SPEI与Niño 3.4区海洋表面温度距平(SSTA)的时空相关性进行分析,揭示不同时间尺度干旱对ENSO事件的响应及ENSO事件对黄河流域不同区域降水量和气温的影响。结果表明:(1)黄河流域1、3、6个月时间尺度的干旱在各时间段均有发生,12、24个月时间尺度的干旱主要发生在20世纪末和21世纪初的近20年。黄河上游和中游地区不同时间尺度的SPEI与SSTA均呈负相关关系,下游地区呈正相关关系。(2)黄河流域不同时间尺度的SPEI与SSTA相关性在空间分布上具有显著的差异性。久治站以上的黄河上游地区、中游地区的宁夏、内蒙古、陕西和山西的北部以及下游地区均呈正相关关系,其余地区呈负相关关系。全流域1、3、6、12个月和24个月时间尺度的相关性系数通过0.05显著性检验的站点占总站点数分别为14%、43%、61%、75%和44%。(3)ENSO事件强度与降水量在黄河上游地区的相关性较弱,在中游和下游地区呈显著的负相关性,强度增大时降水量下降,减弱时降水量上升。全流域ENSO事件强度与气温呈显著的正相关性,强度增大时温度有上升趋势。其中El Niño对气温有抬高的趋势,La Niña对气温有降低的趋势。  相似文献   

19.
慈晖  张强  张江辉  白云岗  刘剑宇 《地理研究》2014,33(10):1881-1891
采用新疆50个气象测站1961-2010年逐日降水资料,选用14个极端降水指数探讨新疆极端降水事件的发生与变化。结果表明:无论平均降水过程还是极端降水过程,均能反映新疆明显的湿润化趋势。伴随降水量的增加,降水强度及降水频率均增大,除CDD变化表现为下降趋势外,其他指数变化均呈上升趋势。分析各极端降水指数序列变化,20世纪60-70年代年际变化幅度小,稳定性好;80-90年代年际差异大,稳定性差;新疆东部各极端降水指数上升与下降趋势小幅交替出现,而北疆、南疆及全疆极端指数序列则呈明显且单一的上升趋势。各极端降水指数最大概率变异年为1986年、2009年;降水变异后,新疆弱降水过程变化不明显,但强降水过程变幅增大,易导致洪旱灾害等极端气象水文事件的发生。  相似文献   

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