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1.
Biot流动和喷射流动是含流体多孔隙介质中流体流动的两种重要力学机制,对地震波和声波的传播均产生重要影响. Dvorkin和Nur提出了同时包含Biot流动和喷射流动力学机制的统一的BISQ(Biot-Squirt)模型,基于这一模型,尽管有关弹性波在多孔隙介质中的衰减和频散问题已被广泛研究,然而,基于BISQ波传播方程的波场数值模拟至今仍未见报道. 本文从同时包含两种力学机制的孔隙弹性波方程出发,利用FCT有限差分法对含流体孔隙各向同性介质中的地震波和声波进行了数值模拟,并与基于Biot流动的Biot理论之模拟结果进行比较. 数值模拟结果表明:同时包含Biot流动和喷射流动影响的地震波和声波速度比仅包含Biot流动作用的地震波和声波速度慢,慢P波的衰减比根据Biot理论模拟的慢P波衰减更强. 相似文献
2.
基于Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性骨架的含非饱和流体孔隙介质BISQ模型(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文综合考虑了在波传播过程中孔隙介质的三种重要力学机制——"Biot流动机制一squirt流动机制-固体骨架黏弹性机制",借鉴等效介质思想,将含水饱和度引入波动力学控制方程,并考虑了不同波频率下孔隙流体分布模式对其等效体积模量的影响,给出了能处理含粘滞性非饱和流体孔隙介质中波传播问题的黏弹性Biot/squirt(BISQ)模型。推导了时间-空间域的波动力学方程组,由一组平面谐波解假设,给出频率-波数域黏弹性BISQ模型的相速度和衰减系数表达式。基于数值算例分析了含水饱和度、渗透率与频率对纵波速度和衰减的影响,并结合致密砂岩和碳酸盐岩的实测数据,对非饱和情况下的储层纵波速度进行了外推,碳酸盐岩储层中纵波速度对含气饱和度的敏感性明显低于砂岩储层。 相似文献
3.
改进BISQ(Biot-Squirt)机制在不引入特征喷流长度的情况下,将含流体孔隙介质中Biot流动和喷射流动两种重要的力学机制有机地结合起来,且各相关参数具有明确物理意义和可实现性.本文将改进BISQ机制一维孔隙流体压力公式推广到三维具有水平对称轴横向各向同性介质(HTI介质)情况,结合裂缝各向异性理论,给出了基于改进BISQ机制的双相HTI介质模型及其二维三分量波传播方程,采用伪谱法求解该方程,进行了不同相界、不同频率以及双层地质结构情况下该类介质中波场的数值模拟与特征分析.数值模拟结果表明:伪谱法模拟精度高,压制网格频散效果好,可以得到高精度的波场快照和合成记录;基于改进BISQ机制的双相HTI介质模型兼具裂缝各向异性特征和孔隙弹性特征,其为从双相各向异性理论角度深入研究裂缝性储层的地震响应奠定了理论基础. 相似文献
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经研究发现热弛豫模型的衰减比BISQ模型大得较多,与地球介质相比衰减量也过大;反演与实验结果相比在虚模量的低频(或低温)端和高频(或高温)端相差较大,仅在峰值附近符合较好.针对上述不足,将Arrhenius关系直接引进Biot模型,替换原模型引进的峰值点的频率对数和温度关系,并重新调整了模型参数.这样既改善了原模型衰减量过大,又克服了模型反演中虚模量峰值曲线两侧差异较大的缺点.进行了P波和S波的波传播分析,仍然在频率谱和温度谱上获得热弛豫峰和Biot峰.分析显示热弛豫峰导致波速随频率升高而上升的普遍规律,Biot峰导致波速随温度升高而上升的异常现象.在相同条件下对Biot模型,BISQ模型和热弛豫模型的P波波速和衰减进行了对比.热弛豫模型得到的速度频散更强,频散范围更宽,所得的衰减峰值频率比BISQ模型要低,衰减幅度比BISQ模型稍大.这些结果与实验结果相近,更符合实际. 相似文献
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针对砾岩储层的砂、砾、泥三重孔隙结构特征,本文分析砾岩孔隙区域、砂岩孔隙区域以及泥岩孔隙区域相互之间的孔隙流体流动机制,将静态的砾岩骨架本构方程与动态的孔隙流体运动方程联立,提出了复杂砾岩储层的弹性波传播理论方程.采用实测砾岩储层参数,在算例中与双重孔隙介质理论进行对比分析,验证了本文理论方程的合理性;基于三重孔隙介质模型,分析不同储层环境下纵波的传播特征,结果显示:随流体黏滞系数增大,在衰减-频率轴坐标系中,砾与砂、砂与泥孔隙区域间局域流导致的两个衰减峰向低频端移动,而Biot全局流导致的衰减峰向高频端移动;嵌入体尺寸及背景相介质渗透率的变化,主要影响纵波速度频散曲线沿频率轴左、右平移,不影响波速低频、高频极限幅值;嵌入体含量及孔隙度的变化改变了岩石干骨架的弹性、密度参数,不仅影响速度频散曲线沿频率轴平移,而且影响其上、下限幅值;砾包砂包泥三重孔隙介质模型所预测的衰减曲线中,低频段"第一个衰减峰"主要由砾岩孔隙区域与砂岩孔隙区域之间的局域流导致,中间频段"第二个衰减峰"主要由砂岩孔隙区域与泥岩孔隙区域之间的局域流导致,超声频段"第三个衰减峰"由Biot全局流导致.对慢纵波传播特征的分析显示,砂岩骨架(局部孔隙度较大)内部的宏观孔隙流体流动造成的耗散明显强于砾岩与泥岩骨架. 相似文献
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Biot流动和喷射流动是含流体多孔隙介质中流体流动的两种重要力学机制. 近年来，利用同时处理这两种力学机制的BISQ(Biot-Squirt)模型，弹性波衰减和频散的问题已被广泛研究；然而基于BISQ方程的波场数值模拟尚未见到公开的报道．本文从BISQ方程出发，利用交错网格方法对横向各向同性孔隙介质中不同频率和相界情况，以及双层介质中的弹性波传播进行数值模拟，研究了在同时考虑两种流动机制作用情况下地震波和声波的传播特性及传播过程中出现的各种波动现象． 相似文献
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本文利用优化的25点频率-空间域有限差分算法对基于BISQ模型双相各向同性介质中的地震波进行了数值模拟.通过与经典的Biot模型理论模拟结果进行对比,分析了Biot流动（宏观流体流动）和Squirt流动（微观流体流动）耦合作用对地震波在孔隙介质中传播特性的影响.数值模拟在地震频段进行,结果显示：在理想相界和黏滞相界情况下,Squirt流动机制都比Biot流动机制产生了更大的速度频散和能量衰减.其中,在Biot流动和Squirt流动耦合作用下的快P波的速度和振幅小于仅考虑Biot流动影响下快P波速度和振幅,而且慢P波的衰减也更加强烈.本文还研究了地震波在双层双相各向同性介质分界面处的反射和透射特征,双相介质中波的反射与透射现象类似于单相介质的情况.模拟结果表明,利用优化25点频率-空间域有限差分法模拟双相孔隙介质中的地震波场是可行的,这为开展双相孔隙介质全波形反演问题的研究提供了可能. 相似文献
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地下多孔介质中的孔隙类型复杂多样,既有硬孔又有扁平的软孔.针对复杂孔隙介质,假设多孔介质中同时含有球型硬孔和两种不同产状的裂隙(硬币型、尖灭型裂隙),当孔隙介质承载载荷时,考虑两种不同类型的裂隙对于孔隙流体压力的影响,建立起Biot理论框架下饱和流体情况含混合裂隙、孔隙介质的弹性波动方程,并进一步求取了饱和流体情况下仅由裂隙引起流体流动时的含混合裂隙、孔隙介质的体积模量和剪切模量,随后,在此基础上讨论了含混合裂隙、孔隙介质在封闭条件下地震波衰减和频散的高低频极限表达式.最后计算了给定模型的地震波衰减和频散,发现地震波衰减曲线呈现"多峰"现象,速度曲线为"多频段"频散.针对该模型分析讨论了渗透率参数、裂隙纵横比参数以及流体黏滞性参数对于地震波衰减和频散的影响,表明三个参数均为频率控制参数. 相似文献
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Introduction More real models are being developed by the modern seismology. As we all know, the earth is not a simple elastic body. Oil and gas reservoir, ground surface, seashore zone, sea bottom layer, etc, are porous solid media with fluids. It has been confirmed that there are two main fluid flow mechanisms in these media (Dvorkin, Nur, 1993), i.e., the Biot flow mechanism (Biot, 1956, 1962) based on the macroscopic property and the Squirt-flow mechanism (Mavko, Nur, 1979) based on the … 相似文献
11.
Guangquan Li 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(3):910-917
Biot theory was based on two ideas: the coupling factor to quantify the kinetic energy of fluid and Darcy permeability to quantify the dissipation function. As Biot theory did not well predict attenuation of ultrasonic S wave, we modify the theory to better characterize the S wave attenuation. The range of the coupling factor is at first estimated in view of fluid mechanics. Application of the original theory to water-saturated Boise sandstone and brine-saturated Berea sandstone shows that the model prediction significantly underestimates the S wave attenuation ultrasonically measured. For this reason, we replace Darcy permeability with variable permeability to improve the fluid momentum equation. The new model yields predictions of phase velocity and the quality factor both close to the ultrasonic measurements. The reason why the improved model is superior to Biot theory is that variable permeability is based on the Stokes boundary layer at the fluid–solid interface, thus accurately quantifying the viscous stress between the two phases. Finally, the length scale of the viscous stress is calculated in the mesoscopic sense. 相似文献
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建立符合油气储层近地表复杂介质强衰减性质的数学-物理模型是油气勘探和开发的重要课题.本文针对D'Alembert黏弹性介质模型存在的量纲不统一和不能充分刻画孔隙介质结构的不足,通过引入孔隙度和渗透率等参数修改耗散项,改进了原D'Alembert模型,获得了能精细刻画具有强吸收衰减特征的近地表复杂介质模型,即改进的近地表黏弹性模型.基于这种改进的模型,推导了波频散和衰减的表达式,并研究了孔隙度、流体黏度等物理参数对波频散和衰减的影响,获得了相应的规律性认识.为了验证新模型预测近地表介质中波衰减的有效性,本文将新模型应用于胜利油田YX工区的近地表实测数据,同时与弹性Biot模型和BISQ模型以及黏弹性BISQ模型进行了比较.结果表明,与其它三个模型比较,改进的近地表黏弹性模型能够很好地刻画近地表介质的强衰减性,而且新模型所涉及到的物理参数明显少于其它几种模型,有利于新模型在油气储层近地表复杂介质地震勘探的实际应用. 相似文献
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Angular and Frequency-Dependent Wave Velocity and Attenuation in Fractured Porous Media 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
José M. Carcione Boris Gurevich Juan E. Santos Stefano Picotti 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(11):1673-1683
Wave-induced fluid flow generates a dominant attenuation mechanism in porous media. It consists of energy loss due to P-wave conversion to Biot (diffusive) modes at mesoscopic-scale inhomogeneities. Fractured poroelastic media show significant attenuation and velocity dispersion due to this mechanism. The theory has first been developed for the symmetry axis of the equivalent transversely isotropic (TI) medium corresponding to a poroelastic medium containing planar fractures. In this work, we consider the theory for all propagation angles by obtaining the five complex and frequency-dependent stiffnesses of the equivalent TI medium as a function of frequency. We assume that the flow direction is perpendicular to the layering plane and is independent of the loading direction. As a consequence, the behaviour of the medium can be described by a single relaxation function. We first consider the limiting case of an open (highly permeable) fracture of negligible thickness. We then compute the associated wave velocities and quality factors as a function of the propagation direction (phase and ray angles) and frequency. The location of the relaxation peak depends on the distance between fractures (the mesoscopic distance), viscosity, permeability and fractures compliances. The flow induced by wave propagation affects the quasi-shear (qS) wave with levels of attenuation similar to those of the quasi-compressional (qP) wave. On the other hand, a general fracture can be modeled as a sequence of poroelastic layers, where one of the layers is very thin. Modeling fractures of different thickness filled with CO2 embedded in a background medium saturated with a stiffer fluid also shows considerable attenuation and velocity dispersion. If the fracture and background frames are the same, the equivalent medium is isotropic, but strong wave anisotropy occurs in the case of a frameless and highly permeable fracture material, for instance a suspension of solid particles in the fluid. 相似文献
14.
Energy loss in porous media containing fluids is typically caused by a variety of dynamic mechanisms.In the Biot theory,energy loss only includes the frictional dissipation between the solid phase and the fluid phase,resulting in underestimation of the dispersion and attenuation of the waves in the low frequency range.To develop a dynamic model that can predict the high dispersion and strong attenuation of waves at the seismic band,we introduce viscoelasticity into the Biot model and use fractional derivatives to describe the viscoelastic mechanism,and finally propose a new wave propagation model.Unlike the Biot model,the proposed model includes the intrinsic dissipation of the solid frame.We investigate the effects of the fractional order parameters on the dispersion and attenuation of the P-and S-waves using several numerical experiments.Furthermore,we use several groups of experimental data from different fluid-saturated rocks to testify the validity of the new model.The results demonstrate that the new model provides more accurate predictions of high dispersion and strong attenuation of different waves in the low frequency range. 相似文献
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基于单相介质中地震波理论的高频面波法已广泛应用于求取浅地表S波的速度.然而水文地质条件表明,普遍的浅地表地球介质富含孔隙.孔隙中充填的流体会显著地影响面波在浅地表的传播,进而造成频散和衰减的变化.本文研究了地震勘探频段内针对含流体孔隙介质边界条件的面波的传播特性.孔隙流体在自由表面存在完全疏通、完全闭合以及部分疏通的情况.孔隙单一流体饱和时,任何流体边界条件下存在R1模式波,与弹性介质中的Rayleigh波类似,相速度稍小于S波并在地震记录中显示强振幅.由于介质的内在衰减,R1在均匀半空间中也存在频散,相速度和衰减在不同流体边界下存在差异.Biot固流耦合系数(孔隙流体黏滞度与骨架渗透率之比)控制频散的特征频率,高耦合系数会在地震勘探频带内明显消除这种差异.介质的迂曲度等其他物性参数对不同流体边界下的R1波的影响也有不同的敏感度.完全闭合和部分疏通流体边界下存在R2模式波,相速度略低于慢P波.在多数条件下,如慢P波在时频响应中难以观察到.但是在耦合系数较低时会显现,一定条件下甚至会以非物理波形式接收R1波的辐射,显示强振幅.浅表风化层低速带存在,震源激发时的运动会显著影响面波的传播.对于接收点径向运动会造成面波的Doppler频移,横向运动会造成面波的时频畸变.孔隙存在多相流体时,中观尺度下不均匀斑块饱和能很好地解释体波在地震频带内的衰减.快P波受到斑块饱和显著影响,R1波与快P波有更明显关联,与完全饱和模型中不同,也更易于等效模型建立.频散特征频率受孔隙空间不同流体成分比例变化的控制,为面波方法探测浅地表流体分布与迁移提供可能性.通常情况孔隙介质频散特征频率较高,标准线性黏弹性固体可以在相对低频的地震勘探频带内等效表征孔隙介质中R1波的传播特征,特别在时域,可在面波成像反演建模中应用. 相似文献
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To simultaneously take into account the Biot-flow mechanism, the squirt-flow mechanism, and the frame-viscoelasticity mechanism, a generalized viscoelastic BISQ （Biot/squirt） model is developed for wave propagation in clay-bearing sandstones based on Dvorkin＇s elastic BISQ model. The present model is extended to a wide range of permeabilities （k 〉 0.05 mD） by introducing a dimensionless correction factor for viscoelastic parameters, defined as a function of the permeability and the clay content. We describe the frame＇s stress-strain relationship of the clay-bearing sandstones by the differential constitutive equations of generalized viscoelasticity and then derive the viscoelastic-wave dynamic equations. With the assumption of a plane-wave solution, we finally yield the phase velocities and the attenuation coefficients by solving the dynamic wave equations in the frequency and wave number domain. The comparison of numerical results and experimental data shows that the generalized viscoelastic BISQ model is applicable for modeling the wave propagation in most of the sandstones mainly bearing kaolinite clay. 相似文献
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介观尺度孔隙流体流动是地震频段岩石表现出较强速度频散与衰减的主要作用.利用周期性层状孔隙介质模型,基于准静态孔弹性理论给出了模型中孔隙压力、孔隙流体相对运动速度以及固体骨架位移等物理量的数学解析表达式,同时利用Biot理论将其扩展至全频段条件下,克服了传统White模型中介质分界面处流体压力不连续的假设. 在此基础上对准静态与全频段下模型介质中孔隙压力、孔隙流体相对运动速度变化形式及其对弹性波传播特征的影响进行了讨论,为更有效理解介观尺度下流体流动耗散和频散机制提供物理依据.研究结果表明,低频条件下快纵波孔压在介质层内近于定值,慢纵波通过流体扩散改变总孔隙压力, 随频率的增加慢波所形成的流体扩散作用逐渐减弱致使介质中总孔压逐渐接近于快纵波孔压,在较高频率下孔压与应力的二次耦合作用使总孔压超过快纵波孔压.介质中孔隙流体相对运动速度与慢纵波形成的流体相对运动速度变化形式一致;随频率的增加孔隙流体逐渐从排水的弛豫状态过渡到非弛豫状态,其纵波速度-含水饱和度变化形式也从符合孔隙流体均匀分布模式过渡到斑块分布模式,同时介质在不同含水饱和度下的衰减峰值与慢纵波所形成的孔隙流体相对流动速度具有明显的相关性. 相似文献
18.
基于Biot理论,考虑液相的黏弹性变形和固液相接触面上的相对扭转,提出了含黏滞流体VTI孔隙介质模型.从理论上推导出,在该模型中除存在快P波、慢P波、SV波、SH波以外,还将存在两种新横波－慢SV波和慢SH波.数值模拟分析了6种弹性波的相速度、衰减、液固相振幅比随孔隙度、频率的变化规律以及快P波、快SV波的衰减随流体性质、渗透率、入射角的变化规律.结果表明慢SV波和慢SH波主要在液相中传播,高频高孔隙度时,速度较高;大角度入射时,快P波衰减表现出明显的各向异性,而快SV波的衰减则基本不变;储层纵向和横向渗透率存在差异时,快SV波衰减大的方向渗透率高. 相似文献
19.
Jixin Deng Shangxu Wang Gengyang Tang Jianguo Zhao Xiangyang Li 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2013,57(3):482-506
In sedimentary rocks attenuation/dispersion is dominated by fluid-rock interactions. Wave-induced fluid flow in the pores causes energy loss through several mechanisms, and as a result attenuation is strongly frequency dependent. However, the fluid motion process governing the frequency dependent attenuation and velocity remains unclear. We propose a new approach to obtain the analytical expressions of pore pressure, relative fluxes distribution and frame displacement within the double-layer porous media based on quasi-static poroelastic theory. The dispersion equation for a P-wave propagating in a porous medium permeated by aligned fractures is given by considering fractures as thin and highly compliant layers. The influence of mesoscopic fluid flow on phase velocity dispersion and attenuation is discussed under the condition of varying fracture weakness. In this model conversion of the compression wave energy into Biot slow wave diffusion at the facture surface can result in apparent attenuation and dispersion within the usual seismic frequency band. The magnitude of velocity dispersion and attenuation of P-wave increases with increasing fracture weakness, and the relaxation peak and maximum attenuation shift towards lower frequency. Because of its periodic structure, the fractured porous media can be considered as a phononic crystal with several pass and stop bands in the high frequency band. Therefore, the velocity and attenuation of the P-wave show an oscillatory behavior with increasing frequency when resonance occurs. The evolutions of the pore pressure and the relative fluxes as a function of frequency are presented, giving more physical insight into the behavior of P-wave velocity dispersion and the attenuation of fractured porous medium due to the wave-induced mesoscopic flow. We show that the specific behavior of attenuation as function of frequency is mainly controlled by the energy dissipated per wave cycle in the background layer. 相似文献
20.
本文定义了各向异性黏弹性参数修正因子,并将其引入到黏弹性模型中以体现泥质含量对黏弹性机制的影响,同时将波传播过程中孔隙介质骨架黏弹性力学机制与两种孔隙流体流动力学机制（Biot流动和喷射流动机制）有机地统一起来处理,从而给出了描述含泥质低孔渗孔隙各向异性介质中波传播规律的黏弹性Biot/squirt (BISQ)模型.数值计算结果表明,入射波的方位角、各向异性渗透率以及泥质含量等对含流体复杂孔隙介质中波频散和衰减的影响具有显著的方位各向异性特征,在低频范围内（地震波勘探频率）黏弹性力学机制对波传播能量的衰减起主导作用. 相似文献