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1.
超大型岩浆硫化物矿床的类型及地质对比意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
按照镍储量≥50万吨、矿石品位Ni≥1％,若Ni≥1％,共生元素铜或铂族元素达到经济利用品位,这三条标准,确定全球有十个超大型岩浆硫化物矿床。它们分属五种类型:①元古代与古陨石坑有关的苏长岩—辉长岩型矿床;②元古代与大陆边缘断裂有关的二辉橄榄岩型矿床;③显生宙与大陆裂谷有关相当溢流玄武岩的侵入体矿床;④太古带绿岩带与柯马提岩浆有关的矿床;⑤早元古代大陆层状大型侵入杂岩体中硫化物与铂族矿床。通过矿床地质对比认为金川矿带、康滇裂谷带、喀拉通克带是有利找到此类新矿床的地区。 相似文献
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宋谢炎 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2006,25(Z1):186-187
与大陆溢流玄武岩有关的Cu-Ni-(PGE)硫化物矿床,是指形成于与大陆溢流玄武岩同源的镁铁-超镁铁侵入体中的岩浆硫化物矿床,是目前镍和铂族元素最重要的来源之一.典型代表是与俄罗斯西伯利亚暗色岩有关的Noril'sk-Talnakh矿床,其镍储量世界第一,铂族元素储量仅次于南非Bushveld[1].研究表明底部成矿的Noril'sk和Talnakh岩席是岩浆通道,大量硫不饱合的玄武岩浆随着玄武岩浆分离结晶,尤其是围岩硫的混入而逐渐达到硫饱和,从而使Cu、Ni和PGE这些具有很高硫化物熔体/硅酸盐熔体分配系数的元素进入硫化物熔体,并从玄武岩质岩浆中分离出来形成巨大的矿体,残余岩浆喷出形成玄武岩或形成新的不含矿岩体[2]. 相似文献
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中非(赞比亚―刚果(金))沉积型铜矿以其拥有高品位的大型超大型铜、钴矿床和众多的世界级铜矿山而闻名于世。铜矿类型可分为沉积型铜矿、热液脉型铜矿、变质热液型铜矿三类。沉积型铜矿床形成后,受到深部含矿岩浆热液的侵入形成脉状铜矿,可能还有斑岩型铜钼矿的成矿作用,叠加富集原有的沉积型铜矿床。硫同位素结果显示,硫源主要为成岩硫化物和海水硫酸盐的混合硫,受到深源岩浆或岩浆热液叠加改造。沉积型铜矿成矿年龄880~735Ma,后期岩浆热液型铜钼矿成矿年龄为514~502Ma。这些发现对进一步认识总结中非铜矿带上的矿床成因及成矿规律具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《地质通报》2020,(8)
四川省会理县拉拉铜矿田处于川滇被动大陆边缘裂谷系的构造环境,成矿作用受会理-东川裂陷槽构造-岩浆演化控制。矿体产于古元古界河口群富钠质的细碧-角斑岩系中。矿石中金属硫化物的δ34S值集中分布在-1‰～4‰之间,均接近0,具塔式分布特征,表明硫主要来自火山喷发作用。矿床与火山喷流沉积型矿床的流体类型相似,其包裹体基本为早期石英硫化物中的Ⅰ型包裹体及后期方解石、石英硫化物中的Ⅱ和Ⅲ型包裹体,Ⅰ型包裹体反映为火山喷发沉积期的主成矿阶段;而Ⅱ型和部分Ⅲ型包裹体反映了晚期流体混溶现象,显示矿床经历了后期改造。根据同位素测年数据,将矿床的成矿过程大致分为火山喷流作用(1600～1800 Ma)、变质变形作用(1000～1100 Ma)和热液叠加改造作用(770～900 Ma) 3个阶段。初步认为拉拉铜矿田矿床成因类型属海相火山岩型铜矿床,但河口群不同的火山喷发旋回具有不同的矿化样式。 相似文献
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新疆阿尔泰托莫尔特铁(锰)矿成矿作用 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
新疆托莫尔特中型铁(锰)矿床赋存于上志留-下泥盆统康布铁堡组上亚组变质火山-沉积岩系中。本研究利用硫同位素和年代学,探讨该矿床的成矿物质来源、成矿时代和成矿作用。结果表明,矿床的形成经历火山沉积期、岩浆热液叠加改造期和区域变质期。火山沉积期为铁和锰主要成矿期,岩浆热液叠加改造期形成少量铁和铜矿化。火山沉积期黄铁矿的δ34S变化于6.2‰～13.1‰和-20‰,表明硫主要来自火山岩,也有少量来自细菌还原海水中的硫酸盐。岩浆热液叠加改造期硫化物的δ34S变化于-1.8‰～8.5‰,主要集中在-1.8‰～3.8‰,表明硫主要来自黑云母花岗斑岩脉。含矿岩系变流纹岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(406.7±4.3)Ma,穿切矿体的黑云母花岗斑岩脉锆石激光剥蚀-多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICPMS)U-Pb年龄为(401.6±0.6)Ma,表明托莫尔特铁矿火山沉积期形成的Fe-Mn矿化及岩浆热液叠加改造期形成的Fe-Cu矿化出现在早泥盆世(407～401 Ma),为火山喷发沉积和岩浆侵入活动的产物。 相似文献
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江西冷水坑火山-侵入杂岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
江西冷水坑矿田是武夷山地区重要的银铅锌矿集中区之一,以斑岩型矿床和火山沉积-热液改造型矿床为特色,前人对冷水坑矿床的成岩成矿作用、控矿构造、成矿模式等开展了大量的研究,但对不同地质体与成矿的先后关系、岩浆活动期次与成矿作用的关系研究相对薄弱。本文对打鼓顶组火山岩和含矿花岗斑岩进行了激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结果表明打鼓顶组底板、顶板晶屑凝灰岩形成时代分别为161.3±1.3 Ma、160.75±0.96 Ma,含矿花岗斑岩形成时代为168.09±0.80 Ma,结合以往研究资料,将冷水坑矿田火山-侵入岩岩浆活动划分为3个期次:第Ⅰ期火山-侵入岩浆活动形成于164~170 Ma;第Ⅱ期火山-侵入岩浆活动发生于157~161 Ma,为火山沉积-热液改造型矿床和斑岩型矿体的主要成矿时代,岩浆活动和成矿时代基本一致;第Ⅲ期火山-侵入岩浆活动时限为140~146 Ma。也暗示华南冷水坑等地晚侏罗世火山岩形成于华南中生代构造体制转换的关键时期,为华南晚中生代构造背景的研究提供了重要地质依据。 相似文献
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诺里尔斯克铜镍硫化物矿床赋存于西伯利亚大火成岩省,是全球最大的镍-铜-铂族元素硫化物矿集区。研究表明:1该矿床形成于二叠纪—三叠纪之交,与溢流玄武岩在时空上紧密相关,但由于未发现含矿岩体和矿体与溢流玄武岩之间直接接触,尚无法确定其成因联系;2幔源岩浆遭受过壳源物质的混染,但这种混染作用何时发生,混染程度如何,是否是成矿的必要条件?存在诸多争论;3成矿金属元素是从岩浆中沉淀出来的,但究竟是来自地幔还是地壳,有不同认识;4硫化物的熔离作用至关重要,在深部岩浆房曾发生过,但在浅部岩浆房中是否也曾发生过?还存在明显的分歧。尽管在矿床成因方面存在一定的分歧,但某些控矿因素对于诺里尔斯克铜-镍-铂族元素矿集区而言是有效的。 相似文献
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安徽铜陵凤凰山铜矿是铜陵矿集区内最典型的矽卡岩型铜矿床之一,也是凤凰山矿田内规模最大的铜矿床。矿区内新屋里岩体属于高钾钙碱性系列,主要岩性为石英二长闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。岩石地球化学特征表明凤凰山中酸性侵入岩岩浆属于壳幔混合型,原始岩浆来源于上地幔碱性玄武岩区并有地壳物质混染,在岩浆不断演化过程中有外来物质的加入,成岩过程以混合作用为主。凤凰山铜矿体分布于岩体与大理岩的内矽卡岩带上,岩体中铜含量较高。铜矿体是岩浆期后热液交代碳酸盐地层形成的。矿体的空间分布受构造变形-岩浆侵入高温高压作用的双重控制。矿化经历了从高温矽卡岩阶段到中低温热液阶段的多期次复合成矿作用。 相似文献
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本矿床是咯拉通克铜镍矿化集中区一大型铜镍硫化物矿床。含矿岩体侵位于下石炭统南明水组。岩浆分异良好,自上而下依次有闪长岩相,苏长岩相、橄榄苏长岩相、冷凝带为辉绿辉长岩相,岩体呈透镜状,体积O.023km3。全岩矿化,主要矿体赋存于岩体中下部,由含矿岩浆侵位后就地分异形成的浸染状矿石和深源岩浆熔离矿浆后期贯入形成的致密块状矿石所组成,二者之间有明显的地质和物理化学界面,具叠生特征。矿石铜镍品位高且铜大于镍,有贵金属稀散元素可以综合利用。矿床成因类型属岩浆熔离叠生铜镍硫化物矿床。 相似文献
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Geology of Ore Deposits - Many massive sulfide ore occurrences and deposits in the Kola region are located within the Paleoproterozoic Pechenga–Imandra–Varzuga rift belt (2.5–1.7... 相似文献
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The lower valley of Changjiang, from Wuhan of the Hubei Province in the west to Zhenjiang of the Jiangsu Province in the east, contains more than 200 polymetallic (Cu–Fe–Au, Mo, Zn, Pb, Ag) deposits and is one of the most important metallogenic belts in China. This metallogenic belt, situated at the northern margin of the Yangzi craton and bordered by the Dabieshan ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt to the north, consists mainly of Cambrian–Triassic marine clastic sedimentary rocks and carbonate and evaporite rocks, which overlay a Precambrian basement and are intruded by Yanshanian (205 to 64 Ma) granitoid intrusions and subvolcanic complexes. Repeated tectonism from Late Proterozoic to Triassic resulted in extensively developed networks of faults and folds involving the Cambrian–Triassic sedimentary strata and the Precambrian basement. The Yanshanian granitoid intrusions and subvolcanic complexes in the Lower Changjiang metallogenic belt are characterized by whole-rock δ18O of +8‰ to +10‰, initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.704 to 0.708, and εNdt from −10 to −17 and have been interpreted to have originated from mixing between juvenile mantle and old crustal materials. Also, the Yanshanian granitoids exhibit eastward younging and increase in alkalinity (i.e., from older calc–alkaline in the west to younger subalkaline–alkaline in the east), which are related to oblique collision between the Yangzi and Sino-Korean cratons and tectonic evolution from early compressional to late extensional or rifting regimes. Most polymetallic deposits in the Lower Changjiang metallogenic belt are clustered in seven districts where the Yanshanian magmatism is particularly extensive: from west to east, Edong, Jiurui, Anqing–Guichi, Luzhong, Tongling, Ningwu and Ningzhen. Mineralization is characterized by the occurrence of three distinct types of orebodies in individual deposits: orebodies in Yanshanian granitoid intrusions, skarn orebodies at the contact zones between the Yanshanian intrusions and Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, and stratabound massive sulfide orebodies in the Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic sedimentary strata. The most important host sedimentary strata are the Middle Carboniferous Huanglong Formation, Lower Permian and Lower–Middle Triassic carbonate and evaporite rocks. The intrusion-hosted and skarn orebodies exhibit well-developed zonation in alteration assemblages, metal contents, and isotopic compositions within individual deposits, and apparently formed from hydrothermal activities related to the Yanshanian magmatism. The stratabound massive sulfide orebodies in the Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic sedimentary strata have long been suggested to have formed from sedimentary or volcano-sedimentary exhalative processes in shallow marine environments. However, extensive research over the last 40 years failed to produce unequivocal evidence for syngenetic mineralization. On the basis of geological relationships and isotope geochemical characteristics, we propose a carbonate-hosted replacement deposit model for the genesis of these stratabound massive sulfide orebodies and associated skarn orebodies. This model suggests that epigenetic mineralization resulted from interactions between magmatic fluids evolved from the Yanshanian intrusions with carbonate and evaporite wall rocks. Mineralization was an integral but distal part of the larger hydrothermal systems that formed the proximal skarn orebodies at the contact zones and the intrusion-hosted orebodies. The stratabound massive sulfide deposits of the Lower Changjiang metallogenic belt share many features with the well-studied, high-temperature, carbonate-hosted replacement deposits of northern Mexico and western United States, particularly with respect to association with small, shallow granitoid complexes, structural and stratigraphic controls on mineralization, alteration assemblages, geometry of orebodies, metal association, metal zonation and isotopic systematics. 相似文献
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WANG Xiaohu SONG Yucai ZHANG Hongrui LIU Yingchao PAN Xiaofei GUO Tao 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(4):1486-1507
The Lanping Basin in the Nujiang‐Lancangjiang‐Jinshajiang (the Sanjiang) area of northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an important part of eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. This basin hosts a number of large unique sediment‐hosted Pb‐Zn polymetallic deposits or ore districts, such as the Baiyangping ore concentration area which is one of the representative ore district. The Baiyangping ore concentration area can be divided into the east and west ore belts, which were formed in a folded tectogene of the India‐Asia continental collisional setting and was controlled by a large reverse fault. Field observations reveal that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary strata were outcropped in the mining area, and that the orebodies are obviously controlled by faults and hosted in sandstone and carbonate rocks. However, the ore‐forming elements in the east ore belt are mainly Pb‐Zn‐Sr‐Ag, while Pb‐Zn‐Ag‐Cu‐Co elements are dominant in the west ore belt. Comparative analysis of the C‐O‐Sr‐S‐Pb isotopic compositions suggest that both ore belts had a homogeneous carbon source, and the carbon in hydrothermal calcite is derived from the dissolution of carbonate rock strata; the ore‐forming fluids were originated from formation water and precipitate water, which belonged to basin brine fluid system; sulfur was from organic thermal chemical sulfate reduction and biological sulfate reduction; the metal mineralization material was from sedimentary strata and basement, but the difference of the material source of the basement and the strata and the superimposed mineralization of the west ore belt resulted in the difference of metallogenic elements between the eastern and western metallogenic belts. The Pb‐Zn mineralization age of both ore belts was contemporary and formed in the same metallogenetic event. Both thrust formed at the same time and occurred at the Early Oligocene, which is consistent with the age constrained by field geological relationship. 相似文献
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Xiaofeng Li Yasushi Watanabe Jingwen Mao Shengxiang Liu Xiankui Yi 《Resource Geology》2007,57(3):325-337
The Yinshan deposit in the Jiangnan tectonic belt in South China consists of Pb‐Zn‐Ag and Cu‐Au ore bodies. This deposit contains approximately 83 Mt of the Cu‐Au ores at 0.52% Cu and 0.8 g/t Au, and 84 Mt of the Pb‐Zn‐Ag ores at 1.25% Pb, 1.02% Zn and 33.3 g/t Ag. It is hosted by low‐grade metamorphosed sedimentary rocks and mafic volcanic rocks of the lower Mesoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Group, and continental volcanic rocks of the Jurassic Erhuling Group and dacitic subvolcanic rocks. The ore bodies mainly consist of veinlets of sulfide minerals and sulfide‐disseminated rocks, which are divided into Cu‐Au and Pb‐Zn‐Ag ore bodies. The Cu‐Au ore bodies occur in the area close to a dacite porphyry stock (No. 3 stock), whereas Pb‐Zn‐Ag bodies occur in areas distal from the No. 3 stock. Muscovite is the main alteration mineral associated with the Cu‐Au ore bodies, and muscovite and chlorite are associated with the Pb‐Zn‐Ag ores. A zircon sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe U‐Pb age from the No. 3 dacite stock suggests it was emplaced in Early Jurassic. Three 40Ar‐39Ar incremental‐heating mineral ages from muscovite, which are related to Cu‐Au and Pb‐Zn‐Ag mineralization, yielded 179–175 Ma. These muscovite ages indicate that Cu‐Au mineralization occurred at 178.2±1.4 Ma (2σ), and Pb‐Zn‐Ag mineralization at 175.4±1.2 Ma (2σ) and 175.3±1.1 Ma (2σ), which supports a restricted period for the mineralization. The Early Jurassic ages for the mineralization at Yinshan are similar to that of the porphyry Cu mineralization at Dexing in Jiangnan tectonic belt, and suggest that the polymetallic mineralization occurred in a regional transcompressional tectonic regime. 相似文献
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长江中下游成矿带铜多金属矿床中灰泥丘的发现及其意义——以武山和冬瓜山铜矿为例 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
通过对长江中下游成矿带中武山铜矿和冬瓜山铜矿层状矿体的详细研究,发现了大量具有层圈状构造、层纹状构造或不规则同心环状构造的矿石。在前人研究基础上,经光薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察和碳氧同位素分析等,认为这类矿石在宏观构造上显示出类似于灰泥丘的孔洞系统,微观上又发现了细菌等微生物结构,判断其属于一种矿化的灰泥丘。资料显示,灰泥丘和热水喷流沉积成矿作用关系密切,灰泥丘可视为热水喷流沉积成矿的证据之一。本文所研究的两个矿床中灰泥丘构造矿石保存状况略有不同,冬瓜山铜矿灰泥丘构造矿石保留了大量显示原生热水喷流沉积成因的组构、并发现细菌等微生物结构,碳氧同位素组成也显示原始沉积特征;而武山铜矿灰泥丘构造矿石则显示出强烈受热液改造的矿石组构和碳氧同位素组成特征,暂未发现细菌等微生物结构。冬瓜山和武山铜矿灰泥丘构造矿石的发现,有力地佐证了长江中下游成矿带在海西期曾发生过热水喷流沉积成矿作用。 相似文献
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云南个旧锡矿的玄武岩成矿 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18
个旧锡矿产于个旧东区,是一个以锡铜为主的超大型多金属矿床,具有火山沉积成矿的某些特征。因遭受燕山期花岗岩的叠加改造,区内个旧组卡房段中玄武岩遭受强烈的变质,它又具有花岗岩热液成矿的特征。区内玄武岩的地质地球化学特征表明,印支期玄武岩中的Sn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag和Au的质量分数大多数高于世界玄武岩平均值的若干倍;矿石硫化物的硫同位素δ34S为-1.5‰~4.0‰,平均+0.207‰,在幔源硫附近;铅同位素模式年龄分为两组：第一组为180~240 Ma,反映了印支期的火山沉积成矿作用;第二组为80~140 Ma,反映了燕山期花岗岩的叠加改造成矿作用。区内印支期玄武岩为个旧锡铜多金属矿床的形成提供了主要的成矿物质,与成矿有直接联系。 相似文献
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赣北大湖塘矿集区超大型钨矿地质特征及成因探讨 总被引：23，自引：11，他引：12
江西北部大湖塘地区发现世界级超大型钨矿床,使赣北成为继赣南之后我国又一重要的钨成矿省。大湖塘矿集区包括北区、南区和大雾塘矿区,正在开采的矿床有北区的石门寺矿床(己探明WO3金属量为74.255×104t)和南区的狮尾洞矿床(己探明WO3金属量31.09×104t),正在找矿勘查的矿区有北区的大岭上、大雾塘矿区平苗、东陡崖、一矿带等。矿化类型有细脉浸染型、石英大脉型、蚀变花岗岩型、云英岩型及隐爆角砾岩型钨(铜、钼)矿等多种类型,黑钨矿与白钨矿矿体共存、钨铜共生是该矿区成矿的显著特征。区内出露的沉积地层为新元古代双桥山群浅变质岩,岩浆岩为晋宁期的黑云母花岗闪长岩和燕山期多种岩性的花岗岩。燕山期主要有两期,早期为斑状花岗岩,成岩年龄约144Ma,如狮尾洞矿床的似斑状白云母(二云母)花岗岩、石门寺矿床的斑状黑云母花岗岩等,晚期为狮尾洞和大岭上矿床产出的中细粒花岗岩或花岗斑岩,成岩年龄约135~130Ma。这些岩浆的源区很可能来源于双桥山群的泥质变质沉积岩。富钨铜等成矿元素的双桥山群泥质变质岩部分熔融可初步形成含矿花岗岩浆,岩浆在高度结晶分异过程中则可使得钨铜等金属进一步富集在岩浆热液中,通过两期岩浆与成矿作用,最终形成超大型的大湖塘钨矿床。 相似文献