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1.
鄂尔多斯盆地东缘地区煤层气资源量巨大,现已成为我国煤层气主力产区之一。区块自开发以来,针对中浅层煤层大斜度井与水平井开展了液力无杆泵、水力射流泵、电潜泵、隔膜泵排采工艺试验,生产中发现上述4类无杆排采工艺具有能有效避免大斜度井与水平井管杆偏磨的优点,但同时存在防煤粉防砂能力一般、防腐蚀防垢能力一般,存在高压刺漏风险、下泵深度受限、地面设备可靠性不强等缺点。通过分析区块前期中浅层煤层气井无杆排采工艺试验效果,总结了各类无杆排采工艺的优缺点,并指出中浅层煤层气井无杆排采工艺的改进方向。目前,随着煤层气勘探开发领域由中浅层煤层逐步转向深层煤层,原有中浅层煤层气井无杆排采工艺已无法满足深层煤层气井的排水采气需求,针对深层煤层气 “原生结构煤发育、地层压力高、高含气、高饱和、游离气与吸附气共存”的地质特征和 “见气早、气液比高”的生产特点,认为深层煤层气井无杆排采工艺需跳出中浅层煤层气井无杆排采工艺的思路,可以借鉴区块内致密气和海陆过渡相页岩气先导试验井的采气工艺经验,在生产现场开展“同心管气举”工艺、“小油管+泡排”工艺与“连续油管+柱塞+气举”工艺试验,能在有效避免传统无杆排采工艺缺点的同时实现深层煤层气的高效开发。 相似文献
2.
为研究沁水盆地东北部煤层气成藏特征与产出控制因素,基于寺家庄区块煤层气勘探和生产资料,从地质构造、煤厚与煤层结构、埋深和水文地质特征等方面研究了煤层含气性影响因素,并结合压裂排采工艺和煤体结构等因素探讨了煤层气井产能控制因素。结果表明:(1) 研究区煤储层含气性受构造影响较大,在褶皱的轴部及旁侧构造挤压带,多呈现出高含气量,尤其是向斜轴部。在陷落柱和水文地质条件叠加作用下,15号煤层含气量整体较8、9号煤层低,且8、9号煤层含气饱和度也整体高于15号煤层。(2) 8、9和15号煤层含气性均表现出随煤层埋深增加而增大的趋势,但随埋深增加,构造应力和地温场的作用逐渐增强,存在含气量随埋深变化的“临界深度”(700 m左右)。煤层含气性也表现出随煤层厚度增加而增大的趋势,煤层结构越简单,煤层含气性越好。(3) 研究区中部的NNE?NE向褶皱与EW向构造叠加地区,因较大的构造曲率和相对松弛的区域地应力,具备较好渗透率条件和含气性,故成为煤层气高产区。(4) 发育多煤层地区采用分压合采技术可以有效增加产气量,多煤层可以提供煤层气井高产能的充足气源,且多个层位的同时排水降压可使不同煤储层气体产出达到产能叠加,实现长期稳产,含气性较好及游离气可能存在的区域可出现长期持续高产井。 相似文献
3.
煤储层含气量是煤层气开发的核心参数,但实测煤储层含气量与煤储层的真实含气量之间往往存在误差。基于窑街矿区海石湾井田煤层气井不同时段的产气量,以煤储层含气量“定体积”降低为基础,反演煤储层实时含气量,研究煤层气井排采过程煤储层实时含气量的变化规律。结果表明:煤储层含气量随排采时间呈线性下降趋势,不同步长煤层气井产气量与煤储层含气量降低幅度一致,遵循“定体积”产气特征,即煤层气单井产气量是煤基质“定体积”产出;煤层气井的产气量与含气量降低速率有关,而与煤储层原始含气量无关。煤储层为隔水层,水力压裂难以改变煤基微孔隙通道的结合水状态,CH4产出过程受水–煤界面作用控制,煤层气产出是“CH4·煤·水”三相界面传质作用的结果,水–煤界面作用中水的湍动提供并传递能量,激励块煤中CH4解吸与产出。 相似文献
4.
The Panguan Syncline contains abundant coal resources,which may be a potential source of coalbed methane.In order to evaluate the coalbed methane production potential in this area,we investigated the pore-fracture system of coalbed methane reservoirs,and analyzed the gas sorption and seepage capacities by using various analytical methods,including scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,optical microscopy,mercury-injection test,low-temperature N2 isotherm adsorption/desorption analyses,lowfield nuclear magnetic resonance and methane isothermal adsorption measurements.The results show that the samples of the coal reservoirs in the Panguan Syncline have moderate gas sorption capacity.However, the coals in the study area have favorable seepage capacities,and are conductive for the coalbed methane production.The physical properties of the coalbed methane reservoirs in the Panguan Syncline are generally controlled by coal metamorphism:the low rank coal usually has low methane sorption capacity and its pore and microfractures are poorly developed;while the medium rank coal has better methane sorption capacity,and its seepage pores and microfractures are well developed,which are sufficient for the coalbed methane’s gathering and exploration.Therefore,the medium rank coals in the Panguan Syncline are the most prospective targets for the coalbed methane exploration and production. 相似文献
5.
为了研究高聚能电脉冲技术在煤层气井的应用效果,对沁水盆地4口典型煤层气井进行了电脉冲技术现场试验。结果表明,试验初期4口煤层气井的产气量和产水量较试验前明显增加,说明电脉冲技术应用在煤储层可以解堵、提升液体流动和促进气体解吸;4口井的产气量和产水量基本都是在运行10~20d后出现明显衰减,说明电脉冲技术在本区煤储层的有效作用半径较短;2口井运行100d后的产气量和产水量仍然要高于试验前的产气量和产水量,说明电脉冲技术在煤层气井近井地带解堵、提升产量有适应性选择和较好的应用前景;电脉冲增产技术在煤岩强度较低、煤体结构较破碎的煤层中的应用存在局限性,最好在煤体结构较完整的煤层中应用,并且针对不同井况优化电脉冲技术参数,从而提高电脉冲增产技术的应用效果;该技术仅能作为煤储层的二次改造措施,不能取代常规压裂技术作为煤层的一次改造措施。 相似文献
6.
Thirteen coal areas of the Maritime Provinces in Atlantic Canada are estimated to contain some 2.23 trillion m3 (78.8 TCF) [TCF, BCF, MCF: trillion, billion, million cubic feet]) of coalbed methane resources. This compares with 510 billion m3 (18 TCF) of natural gas calculated for the Sable offshore resources in eastern Canada. In the United States, where coalbed methane resource evaluations and production have increased substantially over the past 20 years, 7% (1.34 TCF) of total domestic gas production is derived from coalbed methane. In this period, the cumulative US production of coalbed methane has exceeded 198 billion m3 (7 TCF) and more than 8000 coalbed methane wells have been drilled.In Maritime Canada, the largest coalbed methane resources occur in the offshore areas of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Sydney Basins where 196 and 26 billion m3 (69 and 9.3 TCF) of gas, respectively, have been projected. In the old mines, the greatest resources are present in the Prince and Phalen mines of the Sydney coalfield, which together contain 1.70 billion m3 (60 BCF) of gas, and in the Westville mine of the Pictou coalfield with 198 million m3 (70 BCF).Vitrinite is the dominant constituent in 27 of the 42 coals examined. Vitrinite/inertinite ratios for these 27 coals range from 4.0 to 8.4. These high values may indicate the presence of highly fractured coals with corresponding high permeability and flow efficiency, favourable for the storage and flow of methane gas. Coal rank has a pronounced effect on coalbed methane generation, and the prime gas zone often lies between 1.2% and 1.6% Ro max. (medium to low volatile bituminous). The prime zone in the Maritimes Basin underlies much of the central and eastern Gulf of St. Lawrence, and extends for significant distances seaward into the offshore Sydney Basin.Coalbed methane production from the very large resources available in Atlantic Canada may provide a valuable and long-lasting energy resource, largely free of polluting components. 相似文献
7.
为了提高煤层气井合层排采效果，需要合理划分排采阶段并制定与之对应的管控措施。基于贵州六盘水地区以往煤层气勘查与试采工作，分析该区二叠系龙潭组煤层气地质条件和煤储层特征，对比分析两口煤层气井合层排采管控制度及其效果。结果表明:研究区具有煤层层数多、单层厚度薄、含气量高、储层压力大、煤层渗透率低、局部构造煤发育等煤层气地质特点，使煤层气井排采过程中压敏效应和贾敏效应较明显，储层伤害较严重，煤层气井高产时间较短，产气量较低。应该优选厚度较大、含气性好的原生结构煤层或煤组进行射孔压裂。在合层排采过程中，对排采阶段进行合理划分，并根据排采阶段控制流压、套压、流压降幅、套压降幅和液面高度等参数，可有效减小压敏效应、贾敏效应、速敏效应等储层伤害。合理的合层排采管控有助于实现控制产气量稳定平稳上升、煤层气井长期稳产与高产的目标。 相似文献
8.
The Rocky Mountain basins of western North America contain vast deposits of coal of Cretaceous through early Tertiary age. Coalbed methane is produced in Rocky Mountain basins at depths ranging from 45 m (150 ft) to 1,981 m (6,500 ft) from coal of lignite to low-volatile bituminous rank. Although some production has been established in almost all Rocky Mountain basins, commercial production occurs in only a few. Despite more than two decades of exploration for coalbed methane in the Rocky Mountain region, it is still difficult to predict production characteristics of coalbed methane wells prior to drilling. Commonly cited problems include low permeabilities, high water production, and coals that are significantly undersaturated with respect to methane. Sources of coalbed gases can be early biogenic, formed during the early stages of coalification, thermogenic, formed during the main stages of coalification, or late stage biogenic, formed as a result of the reintroduction of methane-generating bacteria by groundwater after uplift and erosion. Examples of all three types of coalbed gases, and combinations of more than one type, can be found in the Rocky Mountain region. Coals in the Rocky Mountain region achieved their present ranks largely as a result of burial beneath sediments that accumulated during the Laramide orogeny (Late Cretaceous through the end of the Eocene) or shortly after. Thermal events since the end of the orogeny have also locally elevated coal ranks. Coal beds in the upper part of high-volatile A bituminous rank or greater commonly occur within much more extensive basin-centered gas deposits which cover large areas of the deeper parts of most Rocky Mountain basins. Within these basin-centered deposits all lithologies, including coals, sandstones, and shales, are gas saturated, and very little water is produced. The interbedded coals and carbonaceous shales are probably the source of much of this gas. Basin-centered gas deposits become overpressured from hydrocarbon generation as they form, and this overpressuring is probably responsible for driving out most of the water. Sandstone permeabilities are low, in part because of diagenesis caused by highly reactive water given off during the early stages of coalification. Coals within these basin-centered deposits commonly have high gas contents and produce little water, but they generally occur at depths greater than 5,000 ft and have low permeabilities. Significant uplift and removal of overburden has occurred throughout the Rocky Mountain region since the end of the Eocene, and much of this erosion occurred after regional uplift began about 10 Ma. The removal of overburden generally causes methane saturation levels in coals to decrease, and thus a significant drop in pressure is required to initiate methane production. The most successful coalbed methane production in the Rocky Mountain region occurs in areas where gas contents were increased by post-Eocene thermal events and/or the generation of late-stage biogenic gas. Methane-generating bacteria were apparently reintroduced into the coals in some areas after uplift and erosion, and subsequent changes in pressure and temperature, allowed surface waters to rewater the coals. Groundwater may also help open up cleat systems making coals more permeable to methane. If water production is excessive, however, the economics of producing methane are impacted by the cost of water disposal. 相似文献
9.
鄂尔多斯盆地埋深超过2 000 m的深层煤层气资源丰富,是煤层气勘探开发重要领域,鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁?吉县区块开展了一批深层煤层气工艺试验,初步取得一定效果,但规模效益开发主体技术亟待攻关。基于实验分析、生产数据和裂缝监测等资料,通过对大宁?吉县区块深层煤层气储层特征、生产动态和压裂改造效果开展评价,分析了深层煤层气生产特征并提出开发技术对策。研究认为:(1) 深层煤储层具有“低渗、高含气、高含气饱和度、富含游离气”的特征;(2) 深层煤层气产能主要受资源富集、微构造和有效改造规模控制,在正向微构造发育区,资源越富集、加液强度越大、加砂强度越大,越有利于扩大供气能力和提高单井产量;(3) 深层煤层气生产井呈现出以游离气产出为主的高产期、游离气和吸附气共同产出的稳产及递减期和以吸附气产出为主的低产期三段式产出特征。基于上述认识,提出了深层煤层气开发技术对策,实施的D6-7P1井取得较好生产效果,证实在有利区实施超大规模加砂压裂可有效提高深层煤层气产能。 相似文献
10.
煤层含气量对煤层气开发有直接影响。柿庄南区块煤层含气量相对较高,但开发过程中存在较多低效井,开展含气量三维地质建模有助于厘定含气性对煤层气井产量的影响。以沁水盆地柿庄南区块3号煤层为研究对象,运用多元回归分析方法依次建立基于埋深、灰分、挥发分及固定碳含量等参数的含气量预测公式及基于测井数据的煤岩工业分析各组分含量预测公式,最终得出柿庄南区块基于测井数据的含气量预测模型并应用于全区,与实测值对比表明预测结果较好。运用Petrel软件基于预测结果构建含气量模型,探讨3号煤层含气量三维分布特征。研究表明,区内3号煤层含气量介于11~20 m3/t,其主控因素为煤层埋深和构造部位。该模型对研究区煤层气井低产因素厘定和煤层气开发生产具有指导意义。移动阅读 相似文献
11.
煤层气井排采历史地质分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据晋城、潞安、焦作、铁法4个矿区25口煤层气生产试验井的排采资料,从煤储层渗透性和含气饱和度、生产压降条件、地下水系统、储层能量系统等方面综合分析研究,将排采曲线归纳为4种具有代表性的类型。认为煤储层渗透率0．5mD以上、临储压力比0．6以上以及含气饱和度80％以上,是获得高产煤层气井的必要储层条件。同时,煤储层和围岩的不同组合。将直接影响煤层气井的生产状况。 相似文献
12.
基于我国煤层气勘探开发项目、煤层气田生产现状以及科研技术成果的调研资料,分析了煤层气田稳产、提产综合治理技术措施,深层煤层气取得勘探突破的地质条件和潜力,支撑上述两方面进展的煤层气水平井技术以及相配套的井网优化、排采技术。结果认为,我国煤层气田稳产、低产井提产综合治理最有效的技术措施有四类,包括增加新层、调整开发方案扩大产量规模、水平井嵌入加密井网、老井增产改造技术。提出了“煤层气水平井+技术体系”概念,即水平井钻完井+套管分段压裂+无杆泵排采技术组合体系,强调在井网优化部署、钻完井、压裂工艺和排采技术设备等各个环节的相互匹配。界定了深层煤层气涵义,深层煤储层一般存在游离气,临界深度受地层温度梯度和压力影响。指出深层煤层气、低阶煤煤层气是下一步煤层气勘探重点领域和方向。 相似文献
13.
煤层游离气对于煤层气藏高产起着非常关键的作用,目前尚缺乏识别煤层游离气的有效手段,存在的困难和挑战主要表现在2个方面:如何鉴定煤层气井中存在游离气;一般常用的测井背景值和中子密度重叠法不能有效证明煤层游离气的存在。通过构建井间声波背景值,结合含气饱和度及排采数据对煤层游离气进行定性识别,进而对识别结果进行验证。实验表明,利用井间声波背景值法识别煤层游离气可以排除煤质和煤层含水性等因素影响,对于识别煤层游离气具有指导作用。通过该方法对Z区块3号煤层进行游离气识别,含游离气井占总分析井的50%,通过井间声波背景值、含气饱和度及排采数据分析相结合进行交互检验,吻合率在80%以上。 相似文献
14.
贵州对江南井田煤层气开发进展缓慢,通过前期勘探阶段实践,该区块存在的主要问题是钻井效率低、固井漏失严重、压裂改造周期长,单井产量低,客观评价井田煤层气地质特征及开发技术对后续煤层气的开发至关重要。通过对井田煤层厚度、煤体结构、储层压力、含气量、渗透性等方面进行了系统研究,结合井田以往钻井、压裂及排采实践,提出了井田煤层气开发以定向井为主,在M18煤层构造简单、煤体结构好、含气量高、煤层稳定且厚度大于3 m的区域,宜采用水平井的开发方式,在M25和M29煤,M78和M79煤构造简单、含气量高、煤层稳定且层间距小于5 m的区域,宜采用层间水平井的开发技术,漏失井段宜采用空气潜孔锤快速钻进技术,非漏失井段宜采用螺杆复合钻进技术,固井宜采用变密度水泥浆+无水氯化钙的固井方式,直井和定向井压裂宜采用复合桥塞层组多级压裂,水平井宜采用油管拖动水力喷砂射孔压裂技术,排采宜采用合层排采+分层控压技术,形成一套适宜于对江南井田地形地质条件下的煤层气开发技术,为今后研究区大规模煤层气商业开发提供参考。 相似文献
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沁水盆地南部煤层气井具有“高产水、低产气”的特征,然而也有部分井存在“高产水、高产气”的现象。一般来说,煤层气井高产水,多与沟通含水层相关。针对这种情况,基于沁水盆地柿庄南区块煤储层地质条件,结合煤层气直井排采的实际情况,利用数值模拟方法,采用气水两相多组分的三维煤储层模拟软件(SIMEDWin)模拟煤层气井排采中,沟通无越流补给含水层对储层压力变化及煤层气水产出规律的影响。结果表明:与无含水层影响的煤层气井对比,沟通无越流补给含水层的煤层气井远井地带压降幅度显著,高产气时间久,累积产气量多,排水量大,但见气时间较晚;含水层渗透率越大,气井日产气峰值越高;气井日排水量越大,产气速度也会越快,但产气速度在排水量达到一定值时不再增大。综合考虑,沟通无越流补给高渗透率含水层,增大日排水量到一定值更有利于柿庄南区块煤层气的增产。 相似文献
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直井开发煤层气钻井和压裂成本高,控制面积小,单井产气量低;煤层内水平井钻进难度大,风险高,薄煤层中井眼轨迹控制难度大,钻井液有害固相对储层伤害严重,采收率低。基于此,分析贵州织金区块煤系地质构造,提出在煤系地层内稳定的非储层内布水平井,通过压裂造缝沟通水平井上下煤层同时开发多层煤层的新思路。与常规开发方式相比,非储层内水平井具有钻井风险小、储层伤害小、单井产量高的优点,同时还可以开发煤系致密气和页岩气,提高非常规天然气利用率。研究非储层内水平井开发贵州织金煤层气技术,为解决贵州煤系地层煤层多而薄、层间距小等特性煤层气开发难题以及综合利用煤系气提供新的方式。 相似文献
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Two medium to low volatile bituminous rank coals in the Lower Cretaceous Gates Formation (Mannville equivalent), Inner Foothills of Alberta, were cored as part of a coalbed methane exploration program. The target seams (Seam 4 and Seam 10) were intersected at 652 m and 605 m, respectively. The coals were bright banded, relatively competent and reasonably cleated, with cleat spacing between 5–20 mm. The FMI (Formation Micro-Imaging) log identified two primary fracture directions, corresponding to both face and butt cleats, which were developed almost equally in some coal intervals. The amount of shearing was limited, in spite of the presence of numerous thrust faults and fold structures in the corehole vicinity. Total gas content was high, with an average of 17.7 cm3/g (arb; 568.1 scf/t). An adsorption isotherm of the thick Seam 4 showed gas saturation levels of 90% at in-situ reservoir conditions. Methane content was 92–96% and carbon dioxide levels were less than 2%. Isotopic studies on the methane confirmed the thermogenic origin of the gas, as anticipated based on the coal rank. The coal seams were fracture stimulated using 50/50 nitrogen and fresh water along with 9 to 12 tons of 12/20 mesh sand used as a proppant. It is believed that the coals were not stimulated properly because of the small proppant volume and the complex — and often unpredictable — fracture pattern in coals, particularly in the Inner Foothills region that has high stress anisotropy. An injectivity test showed coal absolute permeability to be less than 1 mD, the skin to be − 2 (indicating a slightly damaged coal) and water saturation in the cleats to be 90%. A four-month production test was conducted; gas rates declined from 930 to 310 m3/d (33 to 11 MCFD) and water rates were low (< 5 BWD). Produced water was saline (TDS was 20,000 mg/L) and high in chloride and bicarbonate ions. Production testing was followed by history matching and numerical simulation, which consisted of numerous vertical and horizontal well development scenarios and other parameters. Simulating multiple parallel horizontal wells in the Gates coals resulted in the highest peak gas production rates, cumulative production and recovery efficiencies, in agreement with public data from the Mannville coals in the deeper part of the Alberta Syncline. The positive effect of constructive interference in depressurizing the coal reservoirs and accelerating gas production over short periods of time was demonstrated. Coal quality data from a nearby underground mine shows that drilling horizontal wellbores in the Gates coals would be challenging because of unfavourable geomechanical properties, such as low cohesion and unconfined compressive strength values, and structural complexity. 相似文献
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煤层气井多煤层合采效果研究为煤炭安全、井下瓦斯治理、确定开发技术指标、单井配产、合理划分开发层系、煤层气高效开发以及制定中长期煤层气开发规划具有很好的参考价值。以晋城成庄矿区为例,将开发中后期排采效果检验井含气量等数据与邻近井原始含气量进行对比,分析3、9和15煤各煤层含气量在合层排采后的变化特征,以评价排采效果;并结合地质资料及现场排采动态进一步分析影响各煤层排采效果的主控因素。综合分析认为,成庄矿区经过多年地面煤层气多层合采,下部15号煤层比上部3号和9号煤层含气量降低更快。分析其原因认为成庄矿区15号煤层含气量降低较快的主要影响因素包括煤层渗透率、供液能力、储层压力及排采制度等。研究结果为剩余储量预测提供可靠的科学依据。 相似文献