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1.
整理汇集了同时具备距离、年龄与金属丰度数据的疏散星团样本，共计118个。利用这些资料，对银河系疏散星团的金属丰度分布性质进行了若干统计分析，进一步研究了银盘径向金属丰度梯度随时间和空间的演化情况，并对银盘年龄-金属丰度关系作了讨论。 相似文献
2.
本文是在银河系化学演化的基础上,利用银河系的三成分(threezone)(即晕、厚盘和薄盘)多相(multi phase)(气体,分子云,大、小质量恒星以及剩余物质)的化学演化的理论模型,讨论了以下观测约束:1、质量面密度、恒星形成率,各分区质量比;2、场星的年龄-金属丰度关系;3、α元素化学演化;4、太阳附近G矮星金属丰度分布;5、三成分金属丰度特征量;6、超新星爆发率;7、内落速率。结果表明,三成分多分量模型能够较好地满足观测约束,比较真实地反映星系演化过程。可以用该模型计算元素的星系化学演化。 相似文献
3.
本文是在银河系化学演化的基础上，利用银河系的三成分(threezone)(即晕、厚盘和薄盘)多相(multi-phase)(气体，分子云，大、小质量恒星以及剩余物质)的化学演化的理论模型，讨论了以下观测约束：1、质量面密度、恒星形成率，各分区质量比；2、场星的年龄-金属丰度关系；3、α元素化学演化；4、太阳附近G矮星金属丰度分布；5、三成分金属丰度特征量；6、超新星爆发率；7、内落速率。结果表明，三成分多分量模型能够较好地满足观测约束，比较真实地反映星系演化过程。可以用该模型计算元素的星系化学演化。 相似文献
4.
研究发现,即使在银河系长期缓慢演化的过程中,其核球中依然可能存在垂直的金属丰度梯度。该结果反驳了早期研究中认为的银河系核球中长期缓慢演化的过程会消除任何存在的化学丰度梯度的观点。通过使用一个模拟银河系薄盘的多体数值模拟模型得出该研究结果,该模型能自洽地通过盘的棒不稳定性和屈曲不稳定性形成一个盒状/花生状的核球,并结合化学-动力学模型,分析银河系核球中化学成分的演化。在该演化模型中设定了一个初始的径向金属丰度梯度(-0.3 dex/kpc),通过长期缓慢的演化过程,其核球部分呈现出与观测相符的垂直金属丰度梯度。对此一种可能的解释是,星系盘的金属丰度分布在长期缓慢演化的过程中经历了“两步”演化过程,首先盘星系初始半径较大的贫金属粒子在径向混合的过程中产生了更大的径向速度弥散,然后由于核球的屈曲不稳定性演化,垂向速度弥散最终会保持与径向速度弥散的一定比值(约0.8)。这个机制导致贫金属粒子在演化过程中能占据更大的垂向范围,从而形成核球的垂直金属丰度梯度。银河系核球动力学模型通过简单的化学-动力学过程揭示的核球金属丰度演化机制,应在包含更复杂的核球演化机制的模型中同样存在。此外,还通过化学动力... 相似文献
5.
朱紫 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1999,(3)
利用视向速度资料和依巴谷星表的自行资料,研究了经典造父变星的银河系运动学问题．采用Ｏｇｏｒｏｄｎｉｋｏｖ－Ｍｉlnｅ三维运动学模型,获得银河系旋转速度Ｖ０＝２４０．５±１０．２ｋｍ／ｓ（取太阳至银心距离为８．５ｋｐｃ）同时发现,在太阳附近沿银河系旋转方向存在一种收缩运动,其值((V(/(()／Ｒ＝－２．６０±１．０７ｋｍｓ－１kｐｃ－１．本文分析了产生这种收缩运动的原因．另外,得出太阳运动速度Ｓ＝１８．７±０．８６ｋｍ／ｓ向点＝５４．４°±２．９°＝＋２６．６°±２．６° 相似文献
6.
疏散星团是探究银河系结构与演化的良好示踪体,一直以来颇受关注.之前关于疏散星团的研究中,仅有一小部分疏散星团有金属丰度参数,而且,金属丰度的测量,是基于不同质量的观测数据,采用了不同的方法.收集了一个年龄大于2 Gyr的老年疏散星团样本,通过整理这些星团成员星的金属丰度数据,一方面,以星团NGC 2682为例,对比了不同光谱巡天项目给出的星团成员星金属丰度的系统差异;另一方面,计算了星团成员星金属丰度的平均值和中位值,作为该疏散星团的金属丰度推荐值.此外,还利用该样本探究了银盘径向金属丰度梯度随时间的演化,结果表明,早期银盘有着更加陡峭的径向金属丰度梯度,随着演化时间的增加,银盘径向金属丰度梯度逐渐趋于平缓,为银盘化学演化模型提供了更加严格的观测约束. 相似文献
7.
贫金属星的重元素丰度Ⅱ.细致的光谱分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文确定了贫金属矮星和亚巨星的重元素丰度，基于高分辨率高信噪比光谱得到２７颗样本星的锶，钇，锆，钡，镧，铈和铕丰度，主要结果为：（１）第一峰区元素锶－钇－锆显示了奇偶效应，在晕族星中钇相对于锶和锆过贫。（２）对［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］＞－２．５的恒星钇丰度为常数。（３）［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］＜１．７的样本星，随金属丰度减小钡过贫增加。（４）镧和铈相对于铁过贫。（５）在金属丰度－１．０＞［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］＞－２．０区间，铕表现 相似文献
8.
第一代恒星（星族Ⅲ恒星）标志着宇宙从暗物质时代到现在已知的宇宙的转折点。目前对第一代恒星（星族Ⅲ恒星）的观测结果表明，在银河系中还没有发现零金属丰度的恒星，金属丰度[Fe/H]≤-2.5的恒星极少。由于近几年的BPS巡天，银河系中已知的极端贫金属丰度的恒星数目大大增多。目前，可探测到的极端贫金属星的金属丰度[Fe/H]最低约为－4．1。金属丰度在－4到－3之间的恒星大约有100多颗，这些恒星的运动学特性非常类似于其它晕星。然而还没有发现第一代恒星，或金属丰度[Fe/H]≤-5的恒星。关于第一代恒星的形成过程、初始质量函数以及存在于银河系的什么地方，都还没有任何直接的证据。但第一代恒星确实存在。第一代恒星这个谜一般的实体，向观测和理论天文学家提出了巨大挑战。为探测和预言银河系中的第一代恒星，天文学家提出了许多观测方案和理论模型。对有关第一代恒星在观测和理论研究上的进展进行了综述。 相似文献
9.
经典造父变星的银河系运动学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用视向速度资料和依巴谷星表的自行资料,研究了经典造父变星的银河系运动学问题。采用Ｏｇｏｒｏｄｎｉｋｏｖ－Ｍｉｌｎｅ三维运动学模型,获得银河系旋转速度Ｖ０＝２４０．５±１０．２ｋｍ／ｓ（取太阳至银心距离为８．５ｋｐｃ）。同时发现,在太阳附近沿银河系旋转方向存在一种收缩运动,其值（δＶθ／δθ）／Ｒ＝－２．６０±１．０７ｋｍ ｓ＾－１ｋｐｃ＾－１。本分析了产生这种收缩运动的原因。另外,得出太阳运动 相似文献
10.
银晕中天琴RR变星金属丰度的测定对于研究银河系晕的形成和演化具有重要的意义．在当前的技术条件下,高分辨光谱的方法难以测量银晕中较暗的天琴RR变星的金属丰度．高分辨光谱测定金属丰度的方法对恒星大气模型的依赖性较高,而恒星脉动引起的复杂大气状况对于建立正确的大气模型本身就是挑战．△S光谱方法、Caby测光方法和光变曲线的参数方法则弥补了高分辨光谱方法的不足,将能测量更远距离上的天琴RR变星的金属丰度．着重介绍了这3种方法发展的历史、具体的观测流程以及需要注意的问题。通过比较这3种方法的优劣,为实际观测时方法的选用提供借鉴。 相似文献
11.
Gang Zhao Yu-Qin Chen Jian-RongShi Yan-Chun Liang Jin-Liang Hou Li Chen Hua-Wei Zhang Ai-Gen Li National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Department of Astronomy School of Physics Peking University Beijing Department of Physics Astronomy University of Missouri Columbia MO USA 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2006,6(3):265-280
A project of a spectroscopic survey of Galactic structure and evolution with a Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) is presented. The spectroscopic survey consists of two observational modes for various targets in our Galaxy. One is a major survey of the Milky Way aimed at a systematic study of the stellar abundance and Galactic chemical evolution through low resolution (R=1000-2000) spectroscopy. Another is a follow-up observation with medium resolution (R = 10000) spectrographs aimed at detailed studies of the selected stars with different chemical composition, kinematics and dynamics. 相似文献
12.
In order to understand the forming mechanism of the radial abun- dance gradient of the Galactic disk and the evolution of cold gas, we have con- structed a chemical evolution model of the Galactic disk, in which the star for- mation law concerned with molecular hydrogens is adopted, and the evolution of mass surface density is calculated for the molecular and atomic hydrogens separately, then the model predictions and the observed radial distributions of some physical quantities are compared. The result indicates that the model prediction is sensitive to the adopted infall timescale, the model which adopts the star formation law concerned with the molecular hydrogens can agree well with the major observed properties of the Galactic disk, especially can obtain naturally the radial oxygen abundance gradient of the Galactic disk, and the radial surface density profile of cold gas. The assumption of instantaneous or non-instantaneous recycling approximation has a small effect on the evolution of cold gas, especially in the case of rather low gas density. 相似文献
13.
银盘的径向金融丰度梯度 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
详细综棕了银盘（包括HII区，早B型星，行星状星云和疏散星团）径向元素丰度梯度的观测结果，分析了丰度梯度的空间和时间变化的情况，指出根据目前的观测结果，还很难确定在银盘的演化历史中径向元素丰度梯度是逐渐变平缓还是逐渐变陡，比较了目前各种化学演化模型对径向丰度梯度演化的预测结果，初步探讨了丰度梯度可能的产生机制及影响其演化的各种重要物理过程。 相似文献
14.
15.
Motivated by the recently improved knowledge on the kinematic and chemical properties of the Galactic metal-poor stars, we present the numerical simulation for the formation of the Galactic stellar halo to interpret the observational results. As a model for the Galaxy contraction, we adopt the currently standard theory of galaxy formation based on the hierarchical assembly of the cold dark matter fluctuations. We find, for the simulated stars with &sqbl0;Fe&solm0;H&sqbr0;相似文献
16.
T. M. Sitnova 《Astronomy Letters》2016,42(11):734-744
For a sample of dwarf stars close to the Sun with well-known atmospheric parameters and an iron abundance in the range ?2.6 < [Fe/H] < 0.2, we have determined the titanium and oxygen abundances by taking into account the departures from LTE. The dependence of the [O/Fe] and [Ti/Fe] abundance ratios on [Fe/H] has been refined in comparison with the published data. We have established that [O/Fe] increases from ?0.2 to 0.6 as the metallicity [Fe/H] decreases from 0.2 to ?0.8 and remains constant at a lower metallicity. A similar behavior has been found for [Ti/Fe], but the plateau is formed by stars with [Fe/H] > ?0.7, and the titanium overabundance relative to iron is 0.3. The results confirm that not only oxygen but also titanium are synthesized in the α-process. Our data can be used to test the Galactic chemical evolution models. 相似文献
17.
L. Iapichino J. Adamek W. Schmidt J. C. Niemeyer 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,388(3):1079-1088
The problem of the resolution of turbulent flows in adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations is investigated by means of three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamical simulations in an idealized setup, representing a moving subcluster during a merger event. AMR simulations performed with the usual refinement criteria based on local gradients of selected variables do not properly resolve the production of turbulence downstream of the cluster. Therefore, we apply novel AMR criteria which are optimised to follow the evolution of a turbulent flow. We demonstrate that these criteria provide a better resolution of the flow past the subcluster, allowing us to follow the onset of the shear instability, the evolution of the turbulent wake and the subsequent back-reaction on the subcluster core morphology. We discuss some implications for the modelling of cluster cold fronts. 相似文献
18.
We present high-resolution Utrecht Echelle Spectrograph spectra of the quasar PHL 957, obtained in order to study the foreground damped Lyα (DLA) galaxy at z =2.309. Measurements of absorption lines lead to accurate abundance determinations of Fe, S and N which complement measurements of Zn, Cr and Ni already available for this system. We find [Fe/H]=−2.0±0.1, [S/H]=−1.54±0.06 and [N/H]=−2.76±0.07. The ratio [Fe/Zn]=−0.44 provides evidence that ≈74 per cent of iron and ≈28 per cent of zinc are locked into dust grains with a dust-to-gas ratio of ≈3 per cent of the Galactic one. The total iron content in both gas and dust in the DLA system is [Fe/H]=−1.4. This confirms a rather low metallicity in the galaxy, which is in the early stages of its chemical evolution. The detection of S ii allows us to measure the S ii /Zn ii ratio, which is a unique diagnostic tool for tracing back its chemical history, since it is not affected by the presence of dust. Surprisingly, the resulting relative abundance is [S/Zn]=0.0±0.1, at variance with the overabundance found in the Galactic halo stars with similar metallicity. We emphasize that the [S/Zn] ratio is solar in all the three DLA absorbers with extant data. Upper limits are also found for Mn, Mg, O and P and, once the dust depletion is accounted for, we obtain [Mg/Fe]c <+0.2, [O/Fe]c <+0.4, [Mn/Fe]c <+0.0 and [P/Fe]c <−0.7. The [α/Fe] values do not support Galactic halo-like abundances, implying that the chemical evolution of this young galaxy is not reproducing the evolution of our own Galaxy. 相似文献
19.
Based on our compiled catalogue of fundamental astrophysical parameters for 593 open clusters, we analyze the relations between the chemical composition, spatial positions, Galactic orbital elements, age, and other physical parameters of open star clusters. We show that the population of open clusters is heterogeneous and is divided into two groups differing by their mean parameters, properties, and origin. One group includes the Galactic clusters formed mainly from the interstellar matter of the thin disk with nearly solarmetallicities ([Fe/H] > ?0.2) and having almost circular orbits a short distance away from the Galactic plane, i.e., typical of the field stars of the Galactic thin disk. The second group includes the peculiar clusters formed through the interaction of extragalactic objects (such as high-velocity clouds, globular clusters, or dwarf galaxies) with the interstellar matter of the thin disk, which, as a result, derived abnormally low (for field thin-disk stars) metallicities and/or Galactic orbits typical of objects of the older Galactic subsystems. About 70% of the clusters older than 1Gyr have been found to be peculiar, suggesting a slower disruption of clusters with noncircular high orbits. Analysis of orbital elements has shown that the bulk of the clusters from both groups were formed within a Galactocentric radius of ??10.5 kpc and closer than ??180 pc from the Galactic plane, but owing to their high initial velocities, the peculiar clusters gradually took up the volumes occupied by the objects of the thick disk, the halo, and even the accreted halo of the Galaxy. Analysis of the relative abundances of magnesium (a representative of the ??-elements) in clusters that, according to their kinematical parameters, belong to different Galactic subsystems has shown that all clusters are composed of matter incorporating the interstellar matter of a single protogalactic cloud in different proportions, i.e., reprocessed in genetically related stars of the Galaxy. The [Mg/Fe] ratios for the clusters with thick-disk kinematics are, on average, overestimated, just as for the field stars of the socalled ??metal-rich wing?? of the thick disk. For the clusters with halo kinematics, these ratios exhibit a very large spread, suggesting that they were formed mainly from matter that experienced a history of chemical evolution different from the Galactic one. We point out that a large fraction of the open clusters with thindisk kinematics have also been formed from matter of an extragalactic nature within the last ??30 Myr. 相似文献
20.
In this paper we review the chemical evolution models for the Galactic bulge: in particular, we discuss the predictions of
models as compared with the available abundance data and infer the mechanism as well as the time scale for the formation of
the Galactic bulge. We show that good chemical evolution models reproducing the observed metallicity distribution of stars
in the bulge predict that the [α/Fe] >0 over most of the metallicity range. This is a very important constraint indicating
that the bulge of our Galaxy formed at the same time and even faster than the inner Galactic halo. We also discuss predictions
for the evolution of light elements such as D and 7Li and conclude that the D astration should be maximum due to the high star formation rate required for the bulge whereas
the evolution of the abundance of Li should be similar to that observed in the solar neighbourhood, but with an higher Li
abundance in the interstellar medium at the present time.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献