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1.
《地理与地理信息科学》2017,(4)
地形纹理特征提取和识别是地形自动分类的关键。该文在分析已有地形纹理特征提取方法的基础上,提出一种基于双树复小波变换的地形纹理特征提取和识别方法。该方法将DEM地形垂直特征信息引入双树复小波变换模型,设计并实现了面向DEM地形数据特点的地形纹理特征提取方法。以陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区为实验样区,选取6个不同地貌特征共109个典型地形纹理样本进行特征识别实验,并将实验结果与常用的灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)模型及Gabor滤波结合PCA方法进行对比。研究显示,基于地形垂直特征改进的双树复小波变换模型对6类样本有较高的识别精度,同时消耗最短的纹理特征构建时间。 相似文献
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ALOS融合影像质量评价及其土地盐渍化应用研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
将经过配准的同一地区不同空间分辨率和光谱分辨率的遥感影像进行融合是提高土地覆盖/土地利用分析精度的有效途径。采用PCA、IHS、HPF和小波变换融合法对内蒙古杭锦后旗中部地区的ALOS全色和多光谱影像进行融合,并对融合结果进行了定性和定量评价。基于地物光谱特征、解译标志和监督分类法提取试验区土地盐渍化信息,比较多光谱影像和融合影像的土地盐渍化信息提取精度。结果显示,PCA、IHS和HPF融合影像的空间细节表现能力得到提升,而PCA和小波变换融合影像的光谱保真度优于IHS和HPF融合影像;PCA融合影像的盐渍化分类精度、总分类精度和Kappa系数均为最高,是最适于试验区土地盐渍化分类研究的融合方法。 相似文献
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基于KPCA和SAM的城市植被遥感分类研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究高分辨率遥感城市绿地信息自动提取技术是城市遥感技术应用亟待解决的问题之一。城市绿地分布破碎,林种多样,林相不齐,具有极强的非线性特征。核主成分分析(KPCA)可以表达图像像素间的高阶关系,因而可以提取图像的非线性特征,同时提供一组相互独立的主成分。通过实验分析核函数的参数,比较变换前后的平均可分性,进行波段选择。将KPCA与SAM分类方法结合,构建基于KPCA的SAM城市植被分类方案。实验结果表明,该方案比传统的分类方法精度高。城市6种绿地类型的分类总精度为80.6%;合并为草地、园地与林地绿地类型时分类总精度达91.7%,可以满足城市植被分类与生态评价的需求。 相似文献
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《湿地科学》2018,(6)
2017年7月27日,在云南省剑湖湿地中,利用ASD Filed Spec 3光谱仪和CCM-200 Plus叶绿素仪,分别测量了菰(Zizania caduciflora)的反射光谱和叶绿素含量指数(chlorophyll content index,CCI);利用原始光谱反射率以及经一阶微分和连续小波变换的反射率数据,对菰的反射光谱特征进行了研究;分析原始光谱反射率、一阶微分的反射率、"三边"参数、经Mexican Hat小波变换的反射率的小波系数与叶绿素含量指数之间的关系,筛选出显著相关的变量,采用多元逐步线性回归方法,建立叶绿素含量指数的估算模型,并检验估算模型的精度。研究结果表明,菰与健康绿色植物的原始反射光谱特征相同,利用经一阶微分和连续小波变换的反射率数据,可以更好地提取菰反射率信息和分析菰的反射光谱特征;菰的所有波段的原始反射率都与叶绿素含量指数不相关,但是经过一阶微分和小波变换后的反射率,其在一些波长范围内与叶绿素含量指数显著相关;在同一环境下生长的菰叶绿素含量差异明显;在建立的3个叶绿素含量指数估算模型中,利用小波系数建立的回归模型的估算精度相对较高,其决定系数为0.310,均方根误差为6.725。 相似文献
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西藏灌木林遥感分类方法对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以西藏主要类型灌木林为对象,开展外业遥感调查,分别应用非监督分类、监督分类、基于空间分布特征的辅助分类和基于光谱特征再分类4种方法,对灌木林类型进行了遥感分类识别,并对各种分类方法所得到的分类结果进行对比评价.研究表明,非监督分类和监督分类的总体精度分别为42.20%和46.79%,除了对沙棘灌木林分类精度较高外,对其他灌木林类型分类精度均较低;基于空间分布特征的辅助分类精度为86.24%,其分类结果未能识别到具体灌木林类型;基于光谱特征的再分类精度为70.64%,对沙棘、红柳能较准确的识别,而对个别灌木林类型(如杜鹃和小檗)的识别精度不高. 相似文献
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基于ETM+影像的扎龙湿地遥感分类研究 总被引：19，自引：6，他引：19
通过对扎龙湿地Landsat7 ETM 影像进行计算机自动分类的实验研究，探讨了提高湿地遥感分类精度的方法与途径。实验所采用的首先对遥感影像进行非监督分类，再利用非监督分类生成的分类模板加以修改补充后进行监督分类的方法，经过误差矩阵的精度评价，可以获得研究区湿地遥感分类较高的分类精度。利用上述分类方法对3种ETM 不同波段组合的影像进行具体的遥感分类比较研究发现，选择ETM 7、5、3影像进行分类有助于提高扎龙湿地遥感分类的精度。为了提高湿地遥感分类的精度，还必须运用人机互译判读方法。 相似文献
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为了探讨既能保留光谱信息又能准确对土壤有机质含量进行快速检测。以新疆南部渭干河—库车绿洲内部73个土壤样点及其对应的高光谱数据为研究对象,采用小波变换与数学变换进行光谱数据预处理,分析各小波分解重构光谱在不同有机质含量与不同土壤类型下光谱曲线差异,通过相关分析确定最大小波分解层并筛选敏感波段,结合灰色关联分析与随机森林预测分类模型对各小波分解特征光谱进行重要性分析,最后基于最优特征光谱建立多元线性预测模型并进行分析。结果表明：（1） 耕作土壤与林地土壤光谱曲线波段相较盐渍土壤和荒漠土壤光谱曲线变化较为平缓,同时在水分吸收波段处,盐渍土壤光谱曲线吸收谷最深。（2） 小波变换分解光谱与土壤有机质含量的相关性随着分解层数增加呈现先减后增趋势,在第6层中,特征光谱曲线与敏感波段数量变化趋于稳定,确定为小波变换最大分解层。（3） 随机森林模型相比灰色关联分析对于各小波分解层因子的筛选符合预期,按照对土壤有机质含量影响从高到低排序为L3-(1/LgR)′、L4-(1/LgR)′、L6-(1/LgR)′、L5-(1/LgR)′、L2-(1/LgR)′、L0-1/LgR、L1-1/LgR。（4）在小波分解光谱中,中频范围特征光谱对干旱区土壤有机质含量的估测能力优于高频与低频范围特征光谱,同时基于L-MC建立的模型精度最高。研究表明：基于机器学习分类方法结合小波分解的土壤光谱有机质含量监测,可以有效的减少噪声波段干扰,并提高特征波段的分类预测精度。 相似文献
8.
遥感影像解译中的决策树分类法一般是引入NDVI植被指数、亮度阈值法、DTM、空间结构、纹理、和其它一些地貌特征来实现地物类别的分离;而传统的监督分类、非监督分类是直接基于像元的亮度值而进行的分类,两者各有优缺点。将两者在遥感影像解译中结合使用,建立统一的分类模型,并以皖东地区TM影像为例进行了分类实验,结果证明,采用该模型分类比单一的最大似然法分类精度提高了4.45%,Kappa指数提高了0.107,该模型能有效地提高影像分类的精度。 相似文献
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高光谱遥感数据具有波段数目多、波段宽度窄、数据量庞大、波段间相关性高等特点,在一定程度上为图像的进一步处理和信息提取带来困难.为解决这一问题,在分析已有降维方法的基础上,提出了基于地物诊断性波谱吸收特征的高光谱遥感图像降维方法,将地物的诊断性吸收波谱特征区间作为一个独立的子空间进行处理,尽可能保留地物独有的吸收特征;在此基础上,进行子空间的特征提取和特征选择.为验证该方法的优越性,将其与传统的基于波谱区间的子空间划分方法进行分类对比,研究表明:基于该文方法降维后的图像分类精度更高,丰富了现有降维方法理论,具有一定的实用和推广价值. 相似文献
10.
利用遥感信息决策树方法分层提取荒漠化土地类型的研究探讨 总被引：37，自引：4，他引：33
选择甘肃省民勤县绿洲作为典型荒漠化区域,根据荒漠化土地分类体系确定决策树的结构及各类地物在树形中的位置。基于各类地物的光谱反射特性和图象数据反映的综合特征,采取相应的识别和提取方法,以最大限度地利用遥感数据源。对于非荒漠化土地分类,利用土壤调节植被指数、阈值数字信号统计可以分离成一类树枝;而重点讨论的3种荒漠化土地类型的分层分类,则相继采用光谱特征提取、几何特征提取、纹理特征提取、监督分类以及植被指数等复合识别指标进行分枝。结果表明:利用决策树分层提取法可以有效地排除和避免提取地物时所有多余信息的干扰及影响,目标明确。同时,为提高分类的精度,开展野外遥感调查和特征分析是极其重要的。 相似文献
11.
P. Brindley J. Goulding M. L. Wilson 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(3):498-523
Neighbourhoods have been described as ‘the building blocks of public services society’. Their subjective nature, however, and the resulting difficulties in collecting data, means that in many countries there are no officially defined neighbourhoods either in terms of names or boundaries. This has implications not only for policy but also business and social decisions as a whole. With the absence of neighbourhood boundaries many studies resort to using standard administrative units as proxies. Such administrative geographies, however, often have a poor fit with those perceived by residents. Our approach detects these important social boundaries by automatically mining the Web en masse for passively declared neighbourhood data within postal addresses. Focusing on the United Kingdom (UK), this research demonstrates the feasibility of automated extraction of urban neighbourhood names and their subsequent mapping as vague entities. Importantly, and unlike previous work, our process does not require any neighbourhood names to be established a priori. 相似文献
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Studies of land-use change often require the combination of socioeconomic survey data with spatially continuous maps of land-cover change. One approach is to define maps of land ownership, assuming that all land-use change can be attributed to the owners or managers of each parcel of land. Unfortunately, records of administrative boundaries between towns and villages are commonly unavailable in developing countries and prohibitively costly or time consuming to map for individual projects. However, point locations of the settlements themselves can be obtained easily from existing maps or remotely-sensed imagery. In this paper we compare three methods – circular buffers, unweighted Voronoi polygons (sometimes referred to as Thiessen polygons) and multiplicatively weighted Voronoi polygons – for estimating boundaries between villages in an agricultural landscape in West Africa. The benefits and limitations of each approach are discussed, and their accuracy assessed using 98 independently collected GPS coordinates of village boundaries. We present a novel method for generating and optimising weights for multiplicatively weighted Voronoi polygons using survey data of village sizes from a subset of villages. By using both spatial information and survey data from villages, we show that multiplicatively weighted Voronoi polygons outperform other methods of predicting village boundaries, and increase the correlation coefficient between surveyed village area and mapped areas from 0.18 to 0.68 compared with more commonly used unweighted Voronoi polygons. Our method of weighting Voronoi polygons can be implemented with data and software commonly available to researchers and non-governmental organisations. 相似文献
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推荐系统是帮助互联网用户克服信息过剩的有效工具。在地学数据共享领域,较其他物品的内容属性,地学数据具有更加丰富的时空属性,这也给地学数据推荐带来挑战。针对地学数据的特点,为地学数据共享推荐服务开发了一种动态加权的混合过滤方法。该方法分别采用协同过滤和基于内容过滤算法预测用户对数据的兴趣度,再以训练模型计算最优加权权重,计算最终预测评分。在数据获取阶段,通过用户访问日志数据,采用Jenks Natural Break算法分析用户访问记录获取用户的数据兴趣度。在基于内容过滤部分,通过数据的空间、时间及内容属性计算数据相似度,并以用户历史行为为依据计算用户兴趣。在协同过滤和基于内容过滤中分别采用k-NN算法计算用户对未访问数据的预测评分,并进行加权求和。通过训练集,对理想权重值及用户的共同评价度（co-rating level）进行建模,拟合二者的关系。该模型被应用于混合过滤的权重调整,以获得最优的加权方程。测试结果显示,结合数据时空属性的混合过滤方法的准确度和召回率,较单一的协同过滤或基于内容过滤方法有显著提高。 相似文献
15.
Mahmoud Sakr 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(11):2140-2168
A data marketplace is a platform that facilitates online data trading. It gives sellers the capabilities of publishing data, defining the price function, the authorization rules and the data contract. It gives customers the capabilities to search for data services, to query for their price, to invoke them and to pay for the usage. As data are more and more emphasized as a payable asset, the need for data marketplaces rises. There is a lack of marketplace proposals for spatial data. This paper contributes to fill-in this gap. We propose a data model for representing the different types of data involved. The logical representation of data is a quadtree, and the physical representation fits into a key-value store. The model is thus logically simple and extensible, and physically scalable and highly available. We discuss price queries in detail and propose evaluation algorithms. 相似文献
16.
Suyoung Seo Charles G. O'Hara 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(12):1503-1525
This paper presents methods to evaluate the geometric quality of spatial data. Firstly, a point‐based method is presented, adapting conventional assessment methods whereby common points between datasets are compared. In our approach, initial matches are established automatically and refined further through interactive editing. Second, a line‐based method which uses correspondences between line segments is proposed. Here, the geometry of line segments in vector is transformed into a set of rasterized values so that their combination at each pixel can restore their original vector geometry. Matching is performed on rasterized line segments and their matching lengths and displacements are measured. Experimental results show that the line‐based approach proposed is efficient to evaluate the geometric quality of spatial data without requirements of topological relationships among line features. 相似文献
17.
Time-frequency analysis of magnetotelluric data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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空间信息分析技术 总被引：31，自引：5，他引：26
在GIS技术日趋成熟和空间数据极大丰富的今天,通过分析空间数据探索空间过程机理正变得日益迫切。空间信息分析技术至少包括以下六个主要方面:(1)空间数据获取和预处理;(2)属性数据空间化和空间尺度转换;(3)空间信息探索分析;(4)地统计;(5)格数据分析;(6)复杂信息反演和预报。本文提出了解决具体应用问题一般的空间数据分析计算、结果解释和反馈程序。认为空间过程的一般共性和作为共同的研究对象,各种不同的方法技术最终可能导致空间数学(spatialmathematics)的产生,同时发展鲁棒的空间分析软件包对于普及空间数学是必要的。 相似文献
20.
C. P. A. Wapenaar 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,127(1):178-188
A general one-way representation of seismic data can be obtained by substituting a Green's one-way wavefield matrix into a reciprocity theorem of the convolution type for one-way wavefields. From this general one-way representation, several special cases can be derived.
By introducing a Green's one-way wavefield matrix for primaries , a generalized Bremmer series representation is obtained. Terminating this series after the first-order term yields a primary representation of seismic reflection data. According to this representation, primary seismic reflection data are proportional to a reflection operator, 'modified' by primary propagators for downgoing and upgoing waves. For seismic imaging, these propagators need to be inverted. Stable inverse primary propagators can easily be obtained from a one-way reciprocity theorem of the correlation type.
By introducing a Green's one-way wavefield matrix for generalized primaries , an alternative representation is obtained in which multiple scattering is organized quite differently (in comparison with the generalized Bremmer series representation). According to the generalized primary representation, full seismic reflection data are proportional to a reflection operator, 'modified' by generalized primary propagators for downgoing and upgoing waves. Internal multiple scattering is fully included in the generalized primary propagators {either via a series expansion or in a parametrized way). Stable inverse generalized primary propagators can be obtained from the one-way reciprocity theorem of the correlation type. These inverse propagators are the nucleus for seismic imaging techniques that take the angle-dependent dispersion effects due to fine-layering into account. 相似文献
By introducing a Green's one-way wavefield matrix for primaries , a generalized Bremmer series representation is obtained. Terminating this series after the first-order term yields a primary representation of seismic reflection data. According to this representation, primary seismic reflection data are proportional to a reflection operator, 'modified' by primary propagators for downgoing and upgoing waves. For seismic imaging, these propagators need to be inverted. Stable inverse primary propagators can easily be obtained from a one-way reciprocity theorem of the correlation type.
By introducing a Green's one-way wavefield matrix for generalized primaries , an alternative representation is obtained in which multiple scattering is organized quite differently (in comparison with the generalized Bremmer series representation). According to the generalized primary representation, full seismic reflection data are proportional to a reflection operator, 'modified' by generalized primary propagators for downgoing and upgoing waves. Internal multiple scattering is fully included in the generalized primary propagators {either via a series expansion or in a parametrized way). Stable inverse generalized primary propagators can be obtained from the one-way reciprocity theorem of the correlation type. These inverse propagators are the nucleus for seismic imaging techniques that take the angle-dependent dispersion effects due to fine-layering into account. 相似文献