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1.
Sensitivity analysis of support safety factor for predicting the effects of contributing parameters on roof falls in underground coal mines 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Roof falls accounted for 18.18% of all fatal accidents in Indian coal mines, contributing about 35.29% of all fatal accidents in below-ground operations in 2005. The support safety factor, always preferred in support planning and design of underground coal mines, may be an important predictor for roof falls. In this paper, geotechnical data were collected from 14 roof fall incident places in an underground coal mine, located in the Eastern India, which has bord and pillar method of workings. The mean value of probabilistic support safety factor for the case study mine was found to be 1.24. However, the probability, of the estimated support safety factor of less than or equal to one, was found to be 0.246. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of the contributing parameters on support safety factor and the likelihood of the roof fall. The multi-variate regression analysis was carried out for the data generated by Monte Carlo method to correlate the contributing factors to support safety factor. It ranked gallery width as the first parameter to control the support safety factor. 相似文献
2.
Summary This paper develops a rational approach for design of coal pillars under weak floor strata conditions considering ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) as well as pillar settlement. An approximate solution is presented for estimation of UBC for a shallow foundation on a two-layered rock system with consideration of both cohesion (c) and (ø) for both layers. Similarly, deformability underneath a full-size pillar is estimated from deformability calculated from plate loading tests. The effect of adjacent pillars on UBC and deformability of coal pillars in a panel is considered using foundation engineering analysis techniques. The design of pillars based on limiting settlements considers both differential settlements as well as mean settlement of pillar in a panel. An attempt is made to validate the proposed design approach based on field data and observations at an Illinois mine. 相似文献
3.
抗滑桩设计的常规方法是建立在定值基础上的,未能考虑计算参数的随机性与变异性,故在抗滑桩设计中存在局限性：一是不能给出抗滑桩设计的边坡安全度;二是设计中过分保守,造成浪费。可靠性分析法考虑了计算参数的随机性,用严格的概率来度量边坡的安全度,弥补了上述传统抗滑桩设计中存在的不足。基于可靠性分析法,以传统边坡稳定性计算公式为基础,建立了抗滑桩设计的边坡稳定性评价模型,并且运用蒙特卡罗法,采用单参数敏感性分析方法,分析抗滑桩设计各参数对边坡安全系数及可靠性指标的影响。结果表明,岩土体抗剪强度参数、岩土体重度、抗滑桩直径等因素对可靠性指标影响较明显,边坡安全系数对岩土体重度、抗滑桩有效长度、抗滑桩直径等随机变量较敏感。 相似文献
4.
打入桩承载力确定方法对安全系数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在传统的容许应力设计方法中桩基承载力安全系数取决于桩基承载力的确定方法,然而,基于经验选择的承载力安全系数缺少理论依据,为此,基于贝叶斯理论和线性回归方法提出了评价桩基承载力确定方法对承载力安全系数影响的方法,给出了现行规范对于不同承载力确定方法采用不同安全系数的理论依据,阐明了桩基动力测试降低安全系数的理论依据,并以7种桩基设计方法为例,分析了承载力确定方法对安全系数的影响。结果表明,采用所提出的方法计算的安全系数基本上与现行的经验值相一致,表明精确的承载力确定方法可以有效地降低承载力安全系数,设计方法、承载力确定方法和水平都对安全系数有影响,但当承载力试验桩的数目足够多时,安全系数对于设计方法的精确性不敏感。 相似文献
5.
基于可靠度理论的分项系数极限状态设计方法是当今岩土工程设计的一个趋势,分项系数的标定是确定设计参数的关键。岩土材料强度分项系数需反映材料参数的变异性,现有理论方法如安全系数校核法、一次二阶矩校核法、验算点校核法等理论标定方法,没有明确说明分项系数如何降低参数不确定性的影响,理论基础有待进一步完善。因此,提出岩土材料强度分项系数的标准差反馈标定法,该方法在目标可靠度的基础上,通过观察均值的调整对标准差调整的抵消作用,确定材料强度分项系数,由此确定的分项系数能充分反映强度参数的离散性。通过算例对该标定方法的实现进行了说明,并与验算点校核法进行了对比分析,指出标准差反馈标定法比验算点校核法更加合理。 相似文献
6.
Detailed geotechnical data is often a major unknown factor in open pit design and mining, the lack of which constitutes a significant risk in any mining venture. As geotechnical data is accumulated so the risk of unforeseen conditions reduces, and so safety and productivity can be increased. Previously, most geotechnical work undertaken at open pit mines has focused on the slopes. The work done at Sandsloot open pit situated on the northern limb of the Bushveld Complex, 250 km north east of Johannesburg, however, has involved using geotechnical data for production, as well as slope stability benefits. Solutions to production problems encountered in a rapidly developing open pit are best formulated once some geotechnical control at the pit has been attained. At Sandsloot open pit this was achieved by delineation of geotechnical design zones from a detailed face mapping and drilling programme. Optimum design parameters then were assigned to these zones and geotechnically related problems assessed. This allowed slope management programmes to be initiated, as well as slope optimization of the hangingwall. The latter resulted in an improved slope configuration and an increase in the ultimate angle of the wall by 7°. This resulted in substantial savings, as well as an improvement in safety. In addition, the zones can be used for planning, costing and pit scheduling. The methods have proved successful in optimizing blast fragmentation and thereby loading, crushing and milling rates; in reducing secondary blasting and improving floor conditions; and in reducing drilling, blasting and comminution costs. 相似文献
7.
为研究深部近距离煤层群下向卸压开采高应力演化的特征,根据潘二煤矿深部近距离煤层群8煤和6煤地质与开采技术条件,设计了下向卸压开采的二维相似材料模拟试验模型,对8煤和6煤开采引起的采动应力进行监测。系统分析了8煤下向开采与6煤开采后的采场围岩采动应力、岩层运移及不规则煤柱对采动应力演化的影响,获得了近距离煤层群8煤下向卸压开采的顶底板采动高应力演化特征及6煤回采期间覆岩运移、采动应力裂隙演化和来压特征,得出了下向卸压开采不规则煤柱对采动应力、裂隙分布的影响规律。研究不仅为以采动高应力演化为主导作用的煤岩动力灾害防治提供了理论基础,也为卸压开采采场参数设计与优化提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
8.
传统上常以安全系数作为边坡稳定性的评价指标,但是安全系数只是由一种确定的方法计算所得的一个定值,没有考虑设计参数的变异性,因此安全系数很难表征边坡的安全程度,为此本文引入了可靠度的概念,并运用基于概率论和数理统计学的蒙特卡洛法（Monte Carlo）和Rosenblueth法进行边坡可靠性分析,有效的弥补了边坡传统评... 相似文献
9.
J. Oliphant 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1992,10(4):273-289
Summary This paper considers the safety of geotechnical structures using various design philosophies which include the global safety method and a number of limit state design methods. The methods are considered individually and their treatment of uncertainties of design briefly discussed in terms of parameter and system uncertainty. Each method is not designed to produce a definitive measure of safety, but should be viewed as an aid in the process of controlling or managing safety. Crucial to all design methods is the idea of a design parameter. However, in certain instances it is often not clear whether a design parameter should be an upper or lower bound on its possible value. A proposed limit state design method for overcoming this problem is outlined, based on putting bounds on parameters. An example of a reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall is used to demonstrate its advantages over current methods. The proposed method offers a more rational approach to the design of retaining structures. 相似文献
10.
Stabilization of rock slopes using geogrid boxes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of using geogrid boxes as a new approach for reinforcement of rock slopes (with a case study at rock slope perched along km 11?+?060 of Mianeh–Ardabil railway track) was investigated. The limit equilibrium (LE) and finite element (FE) analysis were conducted to predict the response of the slope to a broad range of possible conditions, namely dry, half saturated, and saturated states as well as static and quasi-static conditions. The objective is to contribute towards the establishment of best practice in the design and construction of engineered slopes. Various design considerations were developed to investigate the effect of varying height and width of geogrid boxes on the factor of safety. The LE and FE based methods were compared based on the factor of safety. The results demonstrated that considering the design consideration, installing geogrids yields increasing the stability of rock slope. 相似文献
11.
砾岩边坡稳定性分析与防治工程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
沪蓉国道主干线宜昌至恩施段高速公路,是国家“五纵七横“交通网的重要组成部分,其砾岩边坡稳定性分析与防治工程是重要的研究课题。本文以砾岩岩体结构面模拟研究,岩体力学参数估算为基础,结合砾岩特征及边坡地质环境条件,提出砾岩边坡稳定性评价的地质模型,并采用数值模拟与计算,得出砾岩边坡稳定性分析的确切结果。砾岩边坡岩土工程加固设计是关系到该高速公路安全、经济、适用的重要内容,紧密结合砾岩边坡的地质环境和砾岩岩体特征,采用信息化设计,运用生态化设计理念,充分发挥岩土工程技术优势,保护环境,提出合理的岩土工程加固设计方案。本研究成果对砾岩边坡防治工程提出了系统的研究思路,对沪蓉国道主干线宜昌至恩施段高速公路砾岩边坡的设计与施工具重要意义。 相似文献
12.
从岩石强度理论出发,提出房柱式开采中矿柱安全留设尺寸的宽度折减法思想,通过不断折减矿柱宽度,研究矿柱由稳定状态向临界失稳状态演化过程,从而得到矿柱的临界宽度,引入矿柱安全系数,获得矿柱安全留设尺寸。采用宽度折减法对磨坊矿3#井房柱法开采矿柱安全留设尺寸进行研究,获得不同矿房跨度下矿柱的安全留设宽度。将宽度折减法得到的安全矿柱宽度与Lunder经验公式比较,研究发现,宽度折减法得到的安全矿柱宽度和Lunder经验公式的计算结果较为吻合且偏安全。结合磨坊矿3#井的开采条件和矿柱宽度折减法分析结果,确定矿房基本参数为：矿房跨度为13 m左右,矿柱宽度为5.0～5.5 m。通过对磨坊矿3#井采空区上覆岩层移动规律的监测,发现岩层相对稳定,地表沉降量控制在120～150 mm之间,用宽度折减法分析得到的矿房基本参数是合理的。 相似文献
13.
Summary Little comprehensive information has been reported on the behaviour of room-and-pillar mines. The objective of this paper is to present case data on mine failures in the Illinois basin for use in practice. Presented are results of an ongoing study and details on the site characteristics of cases where sags have developed on the surface. Site data are reported to show the geologic, mining, and sag conditions that existed. Sags mainly develop from pillar, floor, or pillar-floor failure. The character of the sags depends upon the type of mine failure as well as the overburden response.Preliminary results show that the statistical no-risk tributary pressure decreases over 300% as the mine age increases from about 2 to 100 years at a long-term value of approximately 300 psi (2070 kPa). As more information is collected and more analysis is done, the allowable tributary pressure can be determined for different site conditions.A plot is also reported that depicts the relationship of the maximum subsidence to site conditions. It was found that the modified subsidence factor was heavily dependent upon the overburden rock thickness. 相似文献
14.
比较了不同行业抗震设计规范中边坡地震影响系数和动态放大系数的取值方法,综述国内核电厂高边坡案例的研究进展。以某工程核安全级反倾层状软岩高陡边坡为例,探讨应用多种方法综合分析其在不同地震作用下的动态放大效应、支挡结构抗震性能和加固效果的分析思路。首先,基于典型二维计算剖面,采用拟静力法进行边坡的初步加固设计;然后,基于大型振动台试验和数值计算,研究了不同地震作用下软岩高边坡加速度动力放大效应、支挡结构的抗震性能;最后,通过现场工程监测评价边坡的加固效果。研究结果表明,在强震作用下,核安全边坡按其他行业规范中的抗震参数取值方法进行设计是可行的,通过振动台和数值分析验证边坡整体是稳定的,支挡结构抗震性能良好,该研究思路和方法是合理可行的,并能节约大量工程投资。研究成果可丰富核安全级软岩高陡边坡研究理论与方法,并为核安全级软岩高陡边坡抗震安全评价和工程设计提供技术支持。 相似文献
15.
为了安全回采受底板承压水害威胁的采煤工作面,可采取注浆改造的防治水方法,而注浆改造设计是注浆改造的基础和前提。由于传统设计方法较为繁琐且效率较低,本次研究,首先对方格网布孔法的设计原理与基本思路进行了介绍,然后以新桥煤矿北二采区2207工作面为例,对根据工作面大小和底板水文地质情况设计方格网,输入基本参数,得出需要施工的钻孔参数,并根据物探资料及实际揭露的底板灰岩岩溶裂隙发育情况的变化,及时调整钻孔数量与位置进行了详细说明。应用效果表明,该方法具有设计简便,钻孔布置均匀,重点突出,清除了设计盲区,底板注浆改造效果好的特点,是一种操作简便、安全高效的注浆设计方法。 相似文献
16.
为了解决煤矿井下大功率钻探设备外形尺寸增大而带来的井下运输和钻场使用不便等问题,基于将大功率设备多体化的思路,提出了煤矿井下钻探用泥浆泵车这一煤矿井下新型钻探设备。通过对泥浆泵单元水力端与液力端参数计算及低速大扭矩液压马达特性的匹配设计了泥浆泵单元,泵车总体设计集成了履带车体、操纵台、泵站等关键部分,并且对泵车完成了以人机工程学为基础的工业设计。泥浆泵车系列化扩大了该类型产品的应用范围,为煤矿井下钻探装备在瓦斯抽采、防治水、底板治理、大直径高位钻孔等煤矿安全治理方面提供关键设备。 相似文献
17.
基于非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则,结合极限分析上限法和拟静力分析法,建立功能方程,推导了地震效应下裂缝边坡的安全系数计算方程。采用数学规划方法,计算了不同参数组合条件下的边坡安全系数值,详细分析了非线性条件下一系列参数对边坡稳定性的影响。研究表明,边坡安全系数随非线性参数和地震效应的增大而减小。对比分析可知,在非线性破坏准则下,裂缝深度较大时,裂缝对边坡稳定性影响显著,且边坡越陡影响越大;当裂缝深度超过某个值后,临界破坏面起始端可能不穿过裂缝最底端,而是从裂缝中间某部位穿过。在地震效应作用下,非线性抗剪强度参数对安全系数影响显著。研究成果进一步完善了裂缝边坡稳定性分析内容,所列图表为边坡的设计与施工提供有益参考。 相似文献
18.
This paper described a technique for obtaining three-dimensional mine design information using a two-dimensional finite element program where the mining geometry consists of an extensive array of underground rooms and pillars. The technique is based upon a simple augmentation of forces in a two-dimensional analysis to produce the same average pillar stress that would occur in a full three dimensional analysis. Detailed comparisons between a three-dimensional analysis, a two-dimensional analysis (plane stress and plane strain) and an augmented two-dimensional analysis (also plane stress and plane strain) of stress about a typical coal mine pillar are presented. A local factor of safety is defined and then mapped over the pillar midplane, the immediate roof and immediate floor using the results from the full three-dimensional analysis. Comparisons of roof and pillar safety factor distributions obtained by the three-dimensional, two-dimensional and augmented two-dimensional analyses show that the minimum safety factors in the pillar (at the pillar sides) are predicted quite closely by the augmented two-dimensional techniqe (plane stress). The same is true of the immediate roof, although the three-dimensional safety factor tends to be higher in the roof (over the room) than that calculated by the augmented twodimensional technique. The augmented loading procedure appears to hold considerable promise as a very efficient and cost reducing techniqe for mine pillar design. 相似文献
19.
针对边坡渐进破坏过程中岩土体强度参数不断劣化现象,采用应变软化模型代替传统的理想塑性模型,提出一种考虑张拉?剪切渐进破坏的边坡矢量和分析方法。从安全系数表达式与最危险滑动面搜索两方面进行研究,首先基于滑动和力的矢量特性,改进矢量和法滑动趋势与安全系数表达式,进而基于改进自适应遗传算法搜索边坡最危险滑动面。算例表明,采用应变软化模型时的矢量和法安全系数与最危险滑动面形态具有动态变化与调整的特性。该基于张拉-剪切应变软化模型的计算方法进一步扩展了边坡矢量和分析法。 相似文献
20.
在岩体边坡稳定性分析方法中,基于非线性Hoek-Brown准则的强度折减法,存在折减方案不统一或计算太复杂等问题。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于岩体抗压强度的广义Hoek-Brown准则强度折减法,比直接折减材料参数,更能体现强度衰减的物理意义。方案以岩体单轴抗压强度作为折减依据,对岩石单轴抗压强度sci和反映岩体结构特征的参数组合sa（s、a 均为模型参数）进行同比折减,分析该方案下抗剪切强度和抗拉强度的折减比例,并基于平均抗剪强度定义安全系数。应用该方案,对两个经典边坡算例进行稳定性分析,将所得安全系数、临界滑动面与局部线性化强度折减法、极限平衡法进行对比。结果表明,对于两算例,本方法所得安全系数与其他两种方法结果接近,相对误差低于2%;在算例1中,本方法得到的临界滑动面位置与其他两种方法结果一致性很高;在算例2中,本方案滑动面位置更接近于局部线性化法,且能同时反映剪切和拉伸破坏。以上结果验证了本强度折减方案和安全系数定义法的可靠性和合理性。 相似文献