共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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对线性定常强迫问题，本文发展了具有能量意义的内积空间中建立一组完备正交强迫模的动力学方法，其中这组正交强迫模是正定对称阵的特征矢量，相应的特征值则决定了强迫模产生的大气响应强度。以冬季３００ｈＰａ气候平均流为基本状态进行具体计算。结果表明，有实际意义的遥相关型只是由很少几个使大气产生大响应的最有效强迫模产生。这些最有效的强迫模产生的大气响应同实际观测到的遥相关型有很好的对应关系。能量分析表明，有利强迫模建立遥相关型，基本流向大气响应提供的动能比强迫产生的动能更大。所以，强迫建立遥相关型不只依赖于外源产生的动能的传播，更主要依赖于大气响应能否从基本流吸取动能。 相似文献
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北半球夏季遥相关型的年际变化及其数值模拟 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
本文利用美国NMC多年北半球夏季500hPa逐日高度场的经纬度网格点资料,计算了基点位于20°N,120°E的北半球夏季扰动高度场的点相关.计算结果表明,北半球夏季在南亚、东亚与北美地区存在着一个大气环流的遥相关型. 本文还计算了这个环流异常遥相关型的年际变化,计算结果表明这个遥相关型有很大的年际变化.1972/73年ENSO事件中,这个相关型尤其明显,而其它正常年份则不明显. 本文还利用IAP-GCM与1973年夏季实际的太平洋SST距平分布模拟了由于热带西太平洋海表温度升高而产生的北半球大气环流遥相关 相似文献
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利用欧洲中心全球客观分析的７层月平均位势高度距平资料，计算了几种大气环流遥相关型指数与各层位势高度距平的相关系数分布。发现：大气环流异常的正压，斜压性的地理差异与遥相关型的垂直结构关系密切。综合经验正交函数分析，结果亦然。 相似文献
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北半球夏季遥相关型的水平结构和能量特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用观测资料研究了北半球夏季500hPa位势高度场四种主要遥相关型即亚州/北美型、太平洋/北美型、欧亚型和北美/西欧型的水平结构、能量特征及其和时间平均流的依赖关系。结果指出:太平洋/北美型、欧亚型和北美/西欧型由“Seesaw”和波列结构组成,而亚洲/北美型主要呈波列结构,其中“Seesaw”结构及其与西风急流的配置关系、扰动在急流出口区通过正压能量转换从基本气流中获取能量等特征对于夏季北半球遥相关的形成和维持起重要作用。因此,本文认为夏季遥相关是外强迫和与基本气流有密切关系的大气内部动力学过程共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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如果大气底层有一条强的湿度梯度带（底层“湿度锋”）则在尺度相对大的高空扰动诱发下，“湿度锋”南界附近最利于发生第二类条件不稳定，即在这里出现CISK增长率极大轴。发展的南北向尺度基本取决于“湿度锋区”宽度。由此可在“湿度锋”紧南侧发展起一条具有相当正压结构的切变线。文中分别讨论了Ekman-CISK和Wave-CISK两种情况，均有类似的结果。这种与低层“湿度锋”耦合的CISK可以解释长江流域梅雨末期暖切变型梅雨锋的发生过程。 相似文献
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最敏感扰动的演变与夏季乌拉尔地区的持续性异常环流 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过数值实验对初始扰动不稳定发展建立异常环流型的过程进行了分析。选择了东亚夏季风异常的１９９１年和１９８５年两个典型年份的平均环流作为基流,以共轭敏感性分析得到的最敏感扰动作为初始扰动,分析其在不同的环流背景下的发展情况。结果说明,１９９１年欧亚地区的基流不稳定性较强,且初始扰动结构有利扰动发展,因而通过能量频散在乌拉尔地区激发扰动并强烈发展,建立起阻塞形势。而１９８５年的扰动在乌拉尔地区形成正涡度距平,不利于阻高的建立。从而导致１９９１年和１９８５年夏季乌拉尔地区几乎相反的异常环流。一系列对比实验说明,异常环流型的建立,不仅依靠能量的频散,更依靠扰动通过正压不稳定过程从基流吸收能量而发展。它既有赖于基流自身的不稳定,又取决于初始扰动的结构以及相对于基流的位置。基流选择了具有特定结构的初始扰动型,只要在有利位置上给予扰动,就能够激发出扰动波列,建立强的持续异常环流型。不论初始波列的位相在一定范围内如何改变,扰动总是倾向于在基流的特定不稳定区域发展。 相似文献
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初步分析了两类大尺度园形基流上扰动的正压不稳定问题,对不稳定模态的扰动增长率和扰动振幅的径向分布等进行了讨论. 相似文献
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大地形与扰动的不稳定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文分两部分。第一部分,讨论地形对于正压扰动稳定性的影响,指出造成不稳定的必要条件是:(d~2u/dy~2)-β-fA(dh/dy)=0,其中u是基流,h是地形高度。此外,尚讨论了振幅随时间的增长率,不稳定扰动移速等问题。第二部分,讨论了地形对于斜压扰动的稳定性的影响,指出在斜压大气中,地形的作用较正压大气显得更加重要。 相似文献
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ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｌＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅＧｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＴｅｌｅｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎＰａｔｔｅｒｎｓＬｉＺｈｉｊｉｎ（李志锦）ａｎｄＪｉＬｉｒｅｎ（纪立人）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，... 相似文献
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造成大气环流异常的原因可以有两个方面, 一是大气内部的物理过程, 另一方面则可能由大气外强迫引起。在线性框架内, 该文的第 Ｉ 部分利用正规模 （ｎｏｒｍ ａｌ ｍｏｄｅ） 以及有限时间不稳定奇异矢量 （ｓｉｎｇｕｌａｒ ｖｅｃｔｏｒｓ） 理论, 对亚洲夏季风（ Ａ Ｓ Ｍ） 活动激发北半球夏季遥相关型的大气内部物理机制进行了探讨。结果表明, 亚洲季风区的扰动最有效地激发了它下游地区不稳定模态的发展, 从而导致了从亚洲到北美洲一带的大气环流异常。关于从大气外强迫角度对这一问题的探讨, 将在本文的第 Ｉ Ｉ部分发表。 相似文献
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Internal waves incident on a sheared ocean pycnocline are studied using analytic and numerical methods. Linear analysis of the unstable modes of a sheared ocean pycnocline is used to demonstrate interactions between internal waves and shear instabilities. A new analytic solution for an asymmetric shear layer over a stratified layer is presented, illustrating modes which couple to internal waves, in addition to the well-known Holmboe modes. The robustness of these solutions is demonstrated using numerical methods for realistic shear profiles. Fully nonlinear numerical simulations illustrate the growth of these modes and demonstrate the excitation of shear instabilities by incident internal waves. The results may have implications for internal wave interactions with the ocean pycnocline and the local generation of internal solitary waves. 相似文献
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The conditions of development of mid-latitude depressions (synoptic eddies) in the winter Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes
at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 000 years ago) are very different from the present ones: this period is characterised
by a general cooling of the extra-tropics, with massive ice sheets over the Northern Hemisphere continents and sea-ice extending
very far south over the North Atlantic. The present work uses regression analysis to study the characteristics of the synoptic
eddies in present-day and LGM climate simulations by the Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) of the UK Universities'
Global Atmospheric Programme (UGAMP). In the LGM experiment, the structure of the Pacific eddies is similar to the present-day
(PD) situation, but they are weaker. On the other hand, the Atlantic eddies show an increased zonal wavelength and a much
shallower structure in the temperature and vertical wind perturbations. To understand the changes of these characteristics
from present-day to LGM, we compare them to those computed for the most unstable modes of the corresponding mean flows, determined
using a dry primitive equation model. A normal-mode stability analysis is carried both on zonally symmetric and asymmetric
flows for each of the Northern Hemisphere storm-tracks. The changes in the most unstable normal modes found by both these
analyses give a good account of changes in the structure of the perturbations as retrieved from the AGCM, suggesting that
changes in the mean state (especially the temperature gradient) is the main driver of these changes. However in the case of
the present-day Atlantic storm-track, the growth rate of these modes is found to be very low compared to the other cases.
A complementary analysis evaluates the importance of non-modal growth, in the form of downstream development of perturbations,
for each of the storm-tracks. This type of growth is found to be especially important in the case of the present-day Atlantic
storm-track.
Received: 29 September 1999 / Accepted: 17 November 1999 相似文献
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An objective analysis of the observed spatial structure of the tropical Indian Ocean SST variability
Dietmar Dommenget 《Climate Dynamics》2011,36(11-12):2129-2145
The observed interannual Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) variability from 1950 to 2008 is analyzed in respect to the spatial structure of the variability. The analysis is based on an objective comparison of the leading empirical orthogonal function modes against the stochastic null hypothesis of spatial red noise (isotropic diffusion). Starting from this red noise assumption, the analysis searches for those structures that are most distinct from the red noise hypothesis. This objective approach will put previously well and less known modes of variability into the context of the multivariate SST variability. The Indian Ocean SST variability is marked by relatively weak SST variability, which is strongly dominated by a basin wide monopole pattern that is caused by different processes. The leading modes of variability are the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability and the warming trend, which both project onto the basin wide monopole structure. Other more characteristic spatial patterns of internal variability are much less dominant in the tropical Indian Ocean, which is quite different from all other ocean basin, where characteristic teleconnection patterns exist. The remaining, ENSO independent, detrended variability is dominated by multi-pole patterns from the southern Indian Ocean reaching into the tropical Indian Ocean, which are probably primarily caused by extra-tropical atmospheric forcings. The large scale tropical Indian Ocean internal variability itself has no dominant structure. The currently often used dipole mode index (DMI) does not appear to present a dominant teleconnection pattern of the Indian Ocean internal SST variability. In the context of the objective analysis presented here, the DMI partly reflects the ENSO variability and is also a representation of the multi-dimensional, chaotic spatial red noise (isotropic diffusion) process. As such the DMI cannot be interpreted as a coherent teleconnection between the two poles. 相似文献
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This paper examines the mean annual cycle, interannual variability, and leading patterns of the tropical Atlantic Ocean simulated in a long-term integration of the climate forecast system (CFS), a state-of-the-art coupled general circulation model presently used for operational climate prediction at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. By comparing the CFS simulation with corresponding observation-based analyses or reanalyses, it is shown that the CFS captures the seasonal mean climate, including the zonal gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, even though the CFS produces warm mean biases and underestimates the variability over the southeastern ocean. The seasonal transition from warm to cold phase along the equator is delayed 1 month in the CFS compared with the observations. This delay might be related to the failure of the model to simulate the cross-equatorial meridional wind associated with the African monsoon. The CFS also realistically simulates both the spatial structure and spectral distributions of the three major leading patterns of the SST anomalies in the tropical Atlantic Ocean: the south tropical Atlantic pattern (STA), the North tropical Atlantic pattern (NTA), and the southern subtropical Atlantic pattern (SSA). The CFS simulates the seasonal dependence of these patterns and partially reproduces their association with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The dynamical and thermodynamical processes associated with these patterns in the simulation and the observations are similar. The air-sea interaction processes associated with the STA pattern are well simulated in the CFS. The primary feature of the anomalous circulation in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) associated with the NTA pattern resembles that in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) linked with the SSA pattern, implying a similarity of the mechanisms in the evolution of these patterns and their connection with the tropical and extratropical anomalies in their respective hemispheres. The anomalies associated with both the SSA and NTA patterns are dominated by atmospheric fluctuations of equivalent-barotropic structure in the extratropics including zonally symmetric and asymmetric components. The zonally symmetric variability is associated with the annular modes, the Arctic Oscillation in the NH and the Antarctic Oscillation in the SH. The zonally asymmetric part of the anomalies in the Atlantic is teleconnected with the anomalies over the tropical Pacific. The misplaced teleconnection center over the southern subtropical ocean may be one of the reasons for the deformation of the SSA pattern in the CFS. 相似文献
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Ren Shuzhan 《大气科学进展》1994,11(1):74-78
The general property of zonally symmetric stability of quasi-homogeneous and incompressible rotating ocean can be determined by a nondimensional parameter Rs which is similar to the Richardson number in Howard’s paper. The results indicate that the rotating effect leads to stabilize the basic flows and the horizontal shear effect leads to destabilize the basic flows. In addition, the most unstable growth rate is obtained and the semicircle and semiellipse theorem about the distributions of the unstable phase velocity are given in this paper. 相似文献
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东北亚地区初夏、盛夏和传统夏季降水特征及环流型的异同性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用1979~2015年GPCP（Global Precipitation Climatology Project）逐月降水资料,采用经验正交函数（EOF）分解和Morlet小波分析方法,对东北亚地区初夏、盛夏和传统夏季降水的时空分布特征以及环流型开展了系统性的研究,揭示了东北亚地区传统夏季降水表现为盛夏降水贡献占主导,其年际和年代际特征以及环流特征同盛夏降水特征相一致,而初夏降水和盛夏降水特征及形成机制则具有显著差异。空间分布上,初夏的降水EOF第一模态表现为“+－+”的三极型分布,而盛夏和传统夏季则表现为南北相反的偶极型特征;时间演变方面,初夏降水表现为5~6 a振荡周期,盛夏为2~3 a为主的振荡周期,传统夏季则兼具上述两类振荡周期;在年代际调整方面,在1990年代末,盛夏降水和传统夏季降水在华北和东北地区发生了显著的年代际转折。此外,分析降水与环流的联系发现:初夏,由于西太平洋上空异常反气旋将西太平洋等地的水汽向北方地区输送,且受欧亚Ⅱ型（EUII）遥相关的作用,东北亚地区初夏降水异常具有明显纬向特征。盛夏,东北亚地区降水主要受到西太平洋副热带高压西伸北进、孟加拉湾和南海等地水汽加强的影响。欧亚Ⅰ型（EUI）遥相关和亚洲太平洋型（EAP）遥相关与我国东北以西和沿海地区的降水具有显著相关性。EU型遥相关的作用使东北亚夏季降水的异常中心存在西北—东南向的波列特征,EAP型遥相关的作用则使夏季降水存在经向三极型或偶极型特征。 相似文献
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Teleconnections associated with Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) has strong convective activity centers in Indian (I), Western North Pacific (WNP), and North American (NA) summer monsoon (SM) regions. The present study attempts to reveal BSISO teleconnection patterns associated with these dominant intraseasonal variability centers. During the active phase of ISM, a zonally elongated band of enhanced convection extends from India via the Bay of Bengal and Philippine Sea to tropical central Pacific with suppressed convection over the eastern Pacific near Mexico. The corresponding extratropical circulation anomalies occur along the waveguides generated by the North African-Asian jet and North Atlantic-North European jet. When the tropical convection strengthens over the WNPSM sector, a distinct great circle-like Rossby wave train emanates from the WNP to the western coast of United States (US) with an eastward shift of enhanced meridional circulation. In the active phase of NASM, large anticyclonic anomalies anchor over the western coast of US and eastern Canada and the global teleconnection pattern is similar to that during a break phase of the ISM. Examination of the evolution of the BSISO teleconnection reveals quasi-stationary patterns with preferred centers of teleconnection located at Europe, Russia, central Asia, East Asia, western US, and eastern US and Canada, respectively. Most centers are embedded in the waveguide along the westerly jet stream, but the centers at Europe and Russia occur to the north of the jet-induced waveguide. Eastward propagation of the ISO teleconnection is evident over the Pacific-North America sector. The rainfall anomalies over the elongated band near the monsoon domain over the Indo-western Pacific sector have an opposite tendency with that over the central and southern China, Mexico and southern US, providing a source of intraseasonal predictability to extratropical regions. The BSISO teleconnection along and to the north of the subtropical jet provides a good indication of the surface sir temperature anomalies in the NH extratropics. 相似文献