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《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
Combined evidence from the outcrop and the fluid inclusion assemblage (FIA) analysis indicates that there exist two episodes of fluid flow controlled by the tectonic activity. The first episode was recorded mainly in the reservoir rock of the Honghuayuan Formation,representing the fluid flow of hydrocarbon charging. The second episode occurred mainly along the fault systems,representing the fluid move-ment when the ancient oil reservoir was destroyed. The host mineral morphology,homogeneous tem-perature,and salinity of the FIAs record an episodic fluid movement. Characters of high homogenous temperature,low salinity and a quick temperature variation of the first episode fluid flow may indicate an early-stage fluid eruption,and correspondingly,fine-grained calcite was formed. Temperature of the erupted fluid tended to decrease during its mixing with the upper formation fluid and finally had the same temperature as the upper formation. From then on,the temperature was rather steady and fa-vored the growth of the coarse calcite. Due to this character of the temperature variation of the episodic fluid flow,we can use the homogenous temperature of the FIA of the coarse calcite to date the forma-tion and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir. Episodic fluid flow was known for its inhomogeneous trapping,which resulted in the failure of dating according to the burial history. But taking a close look at its temperature variation,we think that the latest stage of fluid flow,characterized by steady state temperature and grow of the coarser crystals,can be used for dating. It will be of great value if this method is proved to be effective. The formation and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir were dated to be in the Indosinian Period and the late Yanshan-early Hymalayan Period respectively. This conclusion is in great discrepancy with the common accepted idea that the Majiang ancient oil reservoir was formed and destroyed during the Caledonian tectonic movement. Even so,this paper further discussed its reliability from the view of the source rock evolution and also the local tectonic evolution. 相似文献
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WU HeYong LIANG XiaoDong XIANG CaiFu & WANG YueWen Daqing Oil Field Exploration Development Research Institute Daqing China Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Basin & Reservoir Research Center of China University of Petroleum Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(5):702-709
The relation between oil and water in reservoirs with low and ultra-low permeability is very complicated. Gravitational separation of oil and water is not obvious. Normal reservoirs are located in depression and structural high spot, oil and water transitions are located in their middle. Stagnation is the key fact of oil-forming reservoir in the axis of a syncline based on the research of oil, gas and water migration manner, dynamics and non-Darcy flow in the Songliao basin. In low and ultra-low permeable reservoir, gas and water migrate easily through pore throats because their molecules are generally smaller than the pore throats; but the minimum diameter of oil droplets is larger than pore throats and they must be deformed to go through. Thus, gas and water migrate in advance of oil, and oil droplets remain behind. Pressure differential and the buoyancy force in a syncline reservoir are a main fluid driving force; and capillary force is the main resistance to flow. When the dynamics force is less than resistance, oil is immobile. When the buoyancy force is less than the capillary force, a gravitational separation of oil and water does not occur. The reservoir in the mature source rock of a syncline area with the low and ul- tra-low permeability belongs to an unconventional petroleum reservoir. 相似文献
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After analyzing many studies of fluid flow theory of multi-porous media in low and extra-low permeability reservoirs and the numerical simulation of non-Darcy flow, we found that a negative flow rate occurs in the existing non-Darcy flow equation, which is unreasonable. We believe that the existing equation can only be considered as a discriminant to judging Darcy flow or non-Darcy flow, and cannot be taken as a fluid flow governing equation of multi-porous media. Our analysis of the experimental results shows that the threshold pressure gradient (TPG) of low and extra-low permeability reservoirs is excessively high, and does not conform to fluid flow through multi-porous media in the actual reservoir situation. Therefore, we present a reasonable TPG ranging from 0.006 to 0.04 MPa/m at the well depth of 1500 m and oil drainage distance of 500 m. The results of our study also indicate that the non-Darcy flow phenomenon will disappear when the TPG reaches a certain value. In addition, the TPG or non-Darcy flow in low and extra-low permeability reservoirs does not need to be considered in the productivity prediction and reservoir numerical simulation. At present, the black oil model or dual-porous media is suitable for simulating low and extra-low permeability reservoirs. 相似文献
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本文报道了莺歌海盆地、北部湾盆地共148个新测热导率数据,根据收集的钻井温度数据新增计算65个大地热流数据;结合前人研究成果绘制了南海北部大陆边缘沉积盆地的地温梯度图、大地热流分布图;系统归纳了南海北部大陆边缘油气勘探成果.结果表明,南海北部大陆边缘珠江口盆地、琼东南盆地、北部湾盆地、莺歌海盆地的平均热流值分别为68.7±11 mW/m2、71.1±13 mW/m2、65.7±8.9 mW/m2、74.7±10 mW/m2,属于典型的“热盆”.热流区域分布特征总体上受大地构造背景控制,随地壳厚度从北向南,由陆架到陆坡区逐渐减薄而增高,水热活动与岩浆活动等是引起局部高热流异常的原因.盆地地温场的差异控制和约束了油气分布富集规律,从研究区油气勘探成果中可以发现,该区域的气田多发育于高热流盆地（凹陷）,而中-低热流盆地（凹陷）则多孕育油田,油气田具有“北油南气”的分布特征. 相似文献
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Determination of the role of entrapped air in water flow in a closed soil pipe using a laboratory experiment 
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下载免费PDF全文 Soil pipes, continuous macropores parallel to the soil surface, are an important factor in hillslope hydrological processes. However, the water flow dynamics in soil pipes, especially closed soil pipes, are not well understood. In this study, the water and air dynamics within closed soil pipes have been investigated in a bench‐scale laboratory experiment by using a soil box with an artificial acrylic soil pipe. In order to grasp the state of water and air within the soil pipe, we directly measured the existing soil pipe flow and air pressure in the soil pipe. The laboratory experiment showed that air in the soil pipe had an important role in the water flow in the closed soil pipe. When air entrapment occurred in the soil pipe before the soil matrix around the soil pipe was saturated with water, water intrusion in the soil pipe was prevented by air entrapped in the pipe, which inhibited the soil pipe flow. This air entrapment in the soil pipe was controlled by the soil water and air flow. Moreover, after the soil pipe flow started, the soil pipe was not filled completely with water even when the soil pipe was completely submerged under the groundwater table. The entrapped air in the soil pipe prevented further water intrusion in the soil pipe. 相似文献
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为了研究垂直上升管中油气水三相流流动特性,本文利用纵向多极阵列电导式传感器（VMEA）和阵列电导探针组合测量方法在内径为125 mm多相流流动环中采集了油气水三相流电导波动信号,在定义6种油气水三相流流型基础上,绘制了4种油水混合液量下油气水三相流流型转换图,分析了含油率对流型转化及气相流速对油水相态逆转的影响.对水为连续相的5种流型VMEA传感器波动信号进行了多尺度熵分析,研究结果表明：含油率增加可使水包油段塞流在较低气相表观速度下产生;较低流速下的油水相态逆转可发生在油液比为0.9左右,气相流速增加使得逆转点向含油率低的方向偏移;多尺度熵细节可以刻画油气水三相流非线性动力学特性,而低尺度的多尺度熵变化率敏感地反映流型转变,是划分油气水三相流流型的有效准则.多尺度熵有助于理解油气水三相流流型非线性动力学特征. 相似文献
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查干凹陷是银根-额济纳旗盆地最具勘探潜力的凹陷, 但是查干凹陷及整个银根-额济纳旗盆地的大地热流研究仍为空白, 严重制约该盆地的油气资源的评价. 本文通过测试19口井107块岩芯的岩石热导率和岩石热导率原位校正, 利用协和平均公式计算得到查干凹陷各地层的岩石热导率大小; 并利用9口井的温度数据, 结合岩石热导率数据对查干凹陷的地温梯度和大地热流进行了计算. 研究结果表明查干凹陷具有构造稳定区和构造活动区之间的中温型地温场特征, 其平均地温梯度和大地热流分别为33.6℃/km, 74.5 mW/m2. 本文的研究成果为查干凹陷及银根-额济纳旗盆地油气资源评价提供地热参数. 相似文献
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1.INTRODUCTIONDebrisflowisadistincttypeofmassmovementcommonlytriggeredbyintenserainfallandmeltingsnowonsteephillslopes.Althoughgreateffortshavebeenmadeinthestudyofthemechanismofthemotion,considerableambiguitypersistsconcerningtheinitiationandmotionofdebrisflow.Debrisflowcanbeinitiatedinsteepslopebecauseofthehighgravitationalforceandcanalsobetriggeredbyheavyrainstormongentleslopebyhighscouringcapacityofthetorrentialflood.Debrisflowisturbulentbecauseofitshighflowvelocityinsomecircumstancesa… 相似文献
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本文依据水流运动的基本理论,并考虑风对水体的剪切作用,应用改进的移步ADI法,建立了风作用下流场的数值模似系统,其结果与连续四年的实测资料验证相吻合。计算预报了于桥水库三个典型水文年定常风不同风速、风向的流场,并由计算机绘制出彩色流场图。文中还针对计算应用成果进行了分析。 相似文献
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本文依据水流运动的基本理论,并考虑风对水体的剪切作用,应用改进的移步ADI法,建立了风作用下流场的数值模似系统,其结果与连续四年的实测资料验证相吻合。计算预报了于桥水库三个典型水文年定常风不同风速、风向的流场,并由计算机绘制出彩色流场图。文中还针对计算应用成果进行了分析。 相似文献
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A simple overland flow calculation method for distributed groundwater recharge models 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A method to improve the calculation of overland flow in distributed groundwater recharge models is presented and applied to two sub‐catchments in the Thames Basin, UK. Recharge calculation studies tend to simulate the runoff flow component of river flow in a simplistic way, often as a fraction of rainfall over a particular period. The method outlined in this study intends to improve the calculation of groundwater recharge estimates in distributed recharge models but does not present an alternative to complex overland flow simulators. This method uses seasonally varying coefficients to calculate runoff for specified hydrogeological classes or runoff zones, which are used to model baseflow index variations across the basin. It employs a transfer function model to represent catchment storage. Monte Carlo simulation was applied to refine the runoff values. Decoupling the runoff zones between the two sub‐catchments produces a better match between the simulated and observed values; however, the difference between observed runoff and the simulated output indicates other factors, such as landuse and topographical characteristics that affect the generation of runoff flow, need to be taken into account when classifying runoff zones. British Geological Survey © NERC 2011. Hydrological Processes © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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根据区内钻井测温和镜质体反射率RO资料，在该区现今地温场分析的基础上，采用岩石圈和盆地尺度相结合的多期热演化模型对该区的热史进行了恢复.结果表明：(1)现今地温梯度为35.8℃/km.孤岛及垦东地区地温梯度较高，大于3℃/km.(2)古新世早期的大地热流值为83.6mW/m2，相当于现代活动裂谷的热流值.自古新世以来，盆地有逐步变冷的趋势，中间有二次回升，但回升的幅度逐渐变小.现今大地热流值为63mW/m2，接近全球大地热流的平均值.(3)该区主力烃源岩经历了持续的受热过程，现今仍处于“生油窗口”内，在深度上具有较大的油气赋存空间，热演化背景对油气生成有利.上述模拟结果可以用渤海湾盆地的裂谷演化模式进行较好的解释，并对胜利油田沾化凹陷的油气勘探工作具有一定的实际意义. 相似文献
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Impact of the simulation algorithm, magnitude of ergodic fluctuations and number of realizations on the spaces of uncertainty of flow properties 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
P. Goovaerts 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1999,13(3):161-182
Geostatistical simulation algorithms are routinely used to generate conditional realizations of the spatial distribution
of petrophysical properties, which are then fed into complex transfer functions, e.g. a flow simulator, to yield a distribution
of responses, such as the time to recover a given proportion of the oil. This latter distribution, often referred to as the
space of uncertainty, cannot be defined analytically because of the complexity (non-linearity) of transfer functions, but
it can be characterized algorithmically through the generation of many realizations. This paper compares the space of uncertainty
generated by four of the most commonly used algorithms: sequential Gaussian simulation, sequential indicator simulation, p-field simulation and simulated annealing. Conditional to 80 sample permeability values randomly drawn from an exhaustive
40×40 image, 100 realizations of the spatial distribution of permeability values are generated using each algorithm and fed
into a pressure solver and a flow simulator. Principal component analysis is used to display the sets of realizations into
the joint space of uncertainty of the response variables (effective permeability, times to reach 5% and 95% water cuts and
to recover 10% and 50% of the oil). The attenuation of ergodic fluctuations through a rank-preserving transform of permeability
values reduces substantially the extent of the space of uncertainty for sequential indicator simulation and p-field simulation, while improving the prediction of the response variable by the mean of the output distribution. Differences
between simulation algorithms are the most pronounced for long-term responses (95% water cut and 50% oil recovery), with sequential
Gaussian simulation yielding the most accurate prediction. In this example, utilizing more than 20 realizations generally
increases only slightly the size of the space of uncertainty. 相似文献
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Diurnal dynamics of streamflow in an upland forested micro‐watershed during short precipitation‐free periods is altered by tree sap flow 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Jan Deutscher Petr Kupec Peter Dundek Ladislav Holík Martin Machala Josef Urban 《水文研究》2016,30(13):2042-2049
Diurnal variations in streamflow are becoming acknowledged as a way of analysing how changing climatic conditions and land use affects watersheds but also as a way to understand watersheds as a whole. Yet not many studies from uplands below 900 mm mean annual precipitation zone are available from European countries. During the 2012 growing season, a sampling campaign took place in an upland forested micro‐watershed, Czech Republic (65 ha). Tree sap flow, rainfall and temperature were measured continuously, while streamflow at the discharge point and soil moisture were estimated from short‐term measurements. Short precipitation‐free periods lasting several days were identified for evaluation of trends in diurnal dynamics of both sap flow and streamflow. The results demonstrated that during these periods, the main factor altering streamflow was almost exclusively tree sap flow. A decrease in streamflow was observed during the day and an increase at night. The decline in sap flow after sunset was accompanied by a continuous increase in streamflow throughout the night up to its initial maximum in the morning. The amplitude in diurnal variations reached 18%. The observed time lag between the diurnal variations of sap flow and streamflow was approximately 2 h. Relatively low changes in diurnal dynamics of streamflow pointed out a strong regulatory role of the forest in buffering water discharge from the catchment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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根据共振声谱原理,建立了气液两相介质中圆柱共振腔共振声谱的实验测量系统,研究了共振腔体中不同含量的气体对共振声谱的幅度和共振频率的影响.实验结果表明：共振幅度和共振频率随着气体流量的增加都呈指数衰减变化趋势,但共振幅度比共振频率的衰减速度快,都可反映气体流量的变化.另外,在理论上,推导了均匀流体模型气液两相介质中的圆柱共振腔的共振频率计算公式,并模拟计算了共振频率和气体含量的变化规律曲线.理论研究结果表明,随着持气率的增加,共振频率减小;当持气率较小时,共振频率衰减较快.这一结论已经被本文实验测量结果所验证.理论和实验研究表明,利用共振声谱法可以检测气液混相介质中气体含量,它为发展生产井中气液两相流分相含量检测方法提供一种可能的途径. 相似文献
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Rainfall simulation experiments by Redding and Devito ( 2008 , Hydrological Processes 23: 4287–4300) on two adjacent plots of contrasting antecedent soil moisture storage on an aspen‐forested hillslope on the Boreal Plain showed that lateral flow generation occurred only once large soil storage capacity was saturated combined with a minimum event precipitation of 15–20 mm. This paper extends the results of Redding and Devito ( 2008 , Hydrological Processes 23: 4287–4300) with detailed analysis of pore pressure, soil moisture and tracer data from the rainfall simulation experiments, which is used to identify lateral flow generation mechanisms and flow pathways. Lateral flow was not generated until soils were wet into the fine textured C horizon. Lateral flow occurred dominantly through the clay‐rich Bt horizon by way of root channels. Lateral flow during the largest event was dominated by event water, and precipitation intensity was critical in lateral flow generation. Lateral flow was initiated as preferential flow near the soil surface into root channels, followed by development of a perched water table at depth, which also interacted with preferential flow pathways to move water laterally by the transmissivity feedback mechanism. The results indicate that lateral flow generated by rainfall on these hillslopes is uncommon because of the generally high available soil moisture storage capacity and the low probability of rainfall events of sufficient magnitude and intensity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献