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中国湖泊数据库结构特点 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中国湖泊数据库是将全国湖泊面积大于10km2, 按其形态特征和各种属性数据, 按一定的标准和规范, 录入计算机存储和应用, 湖泊数据具有数据量大、类型多、以湖泊代号为关键字、交叉平行式的数据分类、动态变化快和具有空间分布等特点。湖泊数据库逻辑结构严谨, 由全国湖泊分布, 湖泊图形库与属性库, 湖泊专题数据, 模型英语等部分组成。程序结构在主控程序控制下分层次执行, 由图形、属性、专题和应用模型四大模块为第一层次。在它们控制下进入第二层次, 低层可顺利地返回高层, 形成操作简单, 使用方便的程序结构。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2020,(8)
流域内的水量平衡可以通过单个湖泊的水位波动体现,而区域湖泊水位的一致性波动则可以反映区域有效水分的变化.以往的研究主要通过分析湖泊沉积物的多代用指标来重建过去的有效水分,缺少对区域有效水分变化的定量研究.本研究基于瞬态气候演变模型、湖泊能量平衡模型及湖泊水量平衡模型,以构建的虚拟湖泊为载体,进行东亚及中亚地区全新世以来有效水分变化的连续模拟实验.使用的虚拟湖泊水位、面积、水深、盐度与实际区域的湖泊状况并不相同,但能够通过假设来估算区域有效水分的相对变化.此外,还对不同地理区域有效水分变化的驱动机制进行了探讨.研究结果表明:中国北方全新世以来有效水分的逐渐降低主要受到长波和短波辐射导致的蒸发增加,以及夏季太阳辐射降低导致的降水减少的共同影响;青藏高原和中亚南部全新世以来有效水分的降低主要受控于亚洲夏季风的减弱而造成的降水减少;而西风环流增强导致的降水逐渐增多是中亚北部全新世晚期有效水分增加的原因. 相似文献
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人类活动的加强导致湖泊生态系统发生"突变",造成生物多样性下降、藻类暴发、水质恶化等等环境和生态问题.中国许多湖泊已经发生"突变"或面临着突变风险.获悉湖泊生态系统发生突变的时空差异对于区域湖泊的保护,预防湖泊突变的发生以及制定合适的修复策略至关重要.本研究收集了中国55个不同区域湖泊的古湖沼学数据,探讨了湖泊突变的区域特点.研究确定了湖泊生态系统发生突变时间和区域差异,并揭示了空间差异的原因.结果表明,中国湖泊生态系统突变时间的区域分异特征为:长江中下游湖泊最早出现突变;东部和东北湖区湖泊突变时间明显早于西南、内蒙古和新疆湖泊;各湖区内,城郊湖泊突变时间早于乡村湖泊.人类活动强度是造成湖泊突变时空差异的主要驱动力.研究认为,区域人类活动强度影响了湖泊生态系统的演化进程,造成了中国湖泊生态系统突变的区域差异.本研究从生态系统突变的角度,利用古湖沼学综述了中国湖泊生态系统在人类活动下的演化进程,更深刻地认识了中国湖泊现状,为湖泊保护提供了有力的科学依据. 相似文献
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防震减灾信息系统包括测震、强震、活断层等子系统,这些系统之间是独立、异构和跨网络的。目前,地震行业需要构建一个完备的中国数字地震观测网络体系架构。如何实现原有系统之间的集成,如何在保护现有投资的前提下,把原有系统和新的防震减灾信息系统集成起来是一个亟待解决的问题。考虑到防震减灾信息系统的特点,文中提出了一个基于WebServices的防震减灾信息系统的集成模型,并对一个实例进行了研究。该模型解决了防震减灾信息系统集成中遇到的2个难题,首先是客户端和服务器端的通信问题,其次是防震减灾信息系统之间的互操作性问题。通过研究实例对该模型进行了一定程度上的验证,结果表明该模型对将来面向整个地震行业的防震减灾信息系统的集成具有深远的意义和良好的发展前景 相似文献
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湖泊沉积研究的历史进展与展望 总被引：23，自引：10，他引：13
回顾了国际和国内湖泊沉积研究历史,论述了国际古湖泊学研究的两大方向以及主要研究内容,对中国20世纪50年代以来的湖泊沉积研究进行了综述.针对目前湖泊沉积研究领域的薄弱环节,提出加强湖泊沉积环境指标的基础理论研究,提高时间分辨率,关注人类活动对湖泊环境的影响,开展湖泊沉积界面过程与机理研究,以及进一步加强区域和全球对比等建议与展望. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1)
Abstract Abstract MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a new generation remote sensing (RS) sensor and its applications in hydrology and water resources have attracted much attention. To overcome the problems of slow response in flood disaster monitoring based on traditional RS techniques in China, the Flood Disaster Monitoring and Assessing System (FDMAS), based on MODIS and a Geographic Information System (GIS), was designed and applied to Dongting Lake, Hunan Province, China. The storage curve of Dongting Lake for 1995 was obtained using 1:10 000 topographic map data and then a relationship between water level at the Chenglingji hydrological station and lake area was derived. A new relationship between water level and lake area was obtained by processing MODIS images of Dongting Lake from April 2002 to April 2003 and the influence of lake area variation on water level was analysed with the 1996 flood data. It was found that the water level reduction reached 0.64 m for the 1996 flood if the original lake area curve was replaced with the area curve of 2002. This illustrates that the flood water level has been considerably reduced as a result of the increased area of Dongting Lake since the Chinese Central Government’s ?return land to lake? policy took effect in 1998. 相似文献
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基于WEBGIS技术建立太湖网络综合数据库系统 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
介绍了如何利用WebGIS软件,空间数据库引擎ARCSDE和客户机/服务器的方法在WWW上构建网络综合数据库,并在Internet网上发布,使得全球网络用户可以进行远程湖泊数据浏览,查询和下载,从而实现太湖流域综合信息的全球共享和维护。 相似文献
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Integrated dynamic water and chloride balance models with a catchment‐scale hydrological model (PRMS) are used to investigate the response of a terminal tropical lake, Lake Abiyata, to climate variability and water use practices in its catchment. The hydrological model is used to investigate the response of the catchment to different climate and land‐use change scenarios that are incorporated into the lake model. Lake depth–area–volume relationships were established from lake bathymetries. Missing data in the time series were filled using statistical regression techniques. Based on mean monthly data, the lake water balance model produced a good agreement between the simulated and observed levels of Lake Abiyata for the period 1968–83. From 1984 onwards the simulated lake level is overestimated with respect to the observed one, while the chloride concentration is largely underestimated. This discrepancy is attributed to human use of water from the influent rivers or directly from the lake. The simulated lake level and chloride concentration are in better agreement with observed values (r2 = 0·96) when human water use for irrigation and salt exploitation are included in the model. A comparison of the simulation with and without human consumption indicates that climate variability controls the interannual fluctuations and that the human water use affects the equilibrium of the system by strongly reducing the lake level. Sensitivity analysis based on a mean climatic year showed that, after prolonged mean climatic conditions, Lake Abiyata reacts more rapidly to an abrupt shift to wetter conditions than to dry conditions. This study shows the significant sensitivity of the level and salinity of the terminal Lake Abiyata to small changes in climate or land use, making it a very good ‘recorder’ of environmental changes that may occur in the catchment at different time scales. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):432-449
Abstract Salinization of lakes in arid areas is a common phenomenon with harmful consequences and must be controlled for the better use of lake freshwater and for the conservation of the environment around lakes. Bosten Lake, located in Xinjiang (western China) and the largest inland freshwater lake in China, now experiences salinization. The salinization of Bosten Lake is studied herein by using a physically-based model. After qualitative analysis of lake salinization, the quantitative model is presented that describes the systems of water quantity—water quality—ecology (WQQE) in an integrated way and that simulates the changing processes of lake salinization in the past. On the basis of the WQQE model, an optimal model was also developed to investigate the best strategy for controlling salinization of the lake in the future. The results demonstrated that the developed models can be used to depict the physical process of salinization of Bosten Lake and to provide meaningful information on how to control this salinization. 相似文献
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Richard E. Lizotte Jr Lindsey M. W. Yasarer Mark K. Griffith Martin A. Locke Ronald L. Bingner 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14061
Beasley Lake Watershed is an agriculturally influenced drainage basin in western Mississippi that has been intensively studied for 25 years. As part of the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), the watershed has archived hydrology, precipitation, and water quality data in order to measure the effects of multiple USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service conservation practices on lake water quality. The long-term database is available to researchers using a web-based application, Sustaining the Earth's Watersheds, Agricultural Research Data System (STEWARDS). STEWARDS is a GIS-based data retrieval application that encompasses spatial and temporal data collected from multiple sites within the watershed. This data note describes information located in the STEWARDS Beasley Lake Watershed database, including hydrology, precipitation, and water quality data. This information is valuable to researchers and agencies beyond the USDA as an available and useful database to improve the understanding of how land-use practices affect the water quality of shallow lake systems. 相似文献
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U. Saravana Kumar Noble Jacob S. V. Navada S. M. Rao Rm. P. Nachiappan Bhishm Kumar J. S. R. Murthy 《水文研究》2001,15(3):425-439
Environmental isotopes (δ18O, δD and 3H) were used to understand the hydrodynamics of Lake Naini in the State of Uttar Pradesh, India. The data was correlated with the in situ physico‐chemical parameters, namely temperature, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen. The analysis of the data shows that Lake Naini is a warm monomictic lake [i.e. in a year, the lake is stratified during the summer months (March/April to October/November) and well mixed during the remaining months]. The presence of a centrally submerged ridge inhibits the mixing of deeper waters of the lake's two sub‐basins, and they exhibit differential behaviour. The rates of change of isotopic composition of hypolimnion and epilimnion waters of the lake indicate that the water retention time of the lake is very short, and the two have independent inflow components. A few groundwater inflow points to the lake are inferred along the existing fractures, fault planes and dykes. In addition to poor vertical mixing of the lake due to the temperature‐induced seasonal stratification, the lake also shows poor horizontal mixing at certain locations of the lake. The lake–groundwater system appears to be a flow‐through type. Also, a tritium and water‐balance model was developed to estimate the water retention time of well‐mixed and hydrologically steady state lakes. The model assumes a piston flow of groundwater contributing to the lake. The developed model was verified for (a) Finger Lakes, New York; (b) Lake Neusiedlersee, Austria; and (c) Blue Lake, Australia based on literature data. The predicted water retention times of the lakes were close to those reported or calculated from the hydrological parameters given in the references. On application of this model to Lake Naini, a water retention time of ～2 years and age of groundwater contributing to the lake ～14 years is obtained. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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太湖流域湖荡湿地影响着整个流域生态系统的健康运转,是湖泊水体与陆地之间的过渡带,对周边城市的生态环境起到重要的净化调节作用,对太湖流域湖荡湿地生态系统健康进行评价,有利于湖荡湿地的科学管理,从而实现湖荡湿地资源的可持续利用.本文选择太湖流域11个典型的湖荡湿地为研究对象,于2012-2015年开展周年湿地观测季度调查.利用主客观组合赋权方法,结合太湖流域自然条件和社会功能,提出了基于生态可修复性指标的太湖流域湖荡湿地生态系统健康评价体系和方法.结果表明：太湖流域湖荡湿地中生态系统健康等级为优的占27.27%,分别是傀儡湖、尚湖和钱资荡;生态系统健康等级为良的湖荡湿地占9.09%,为长荡湖;中等生态系统健康水平的湖荡湿地居多,占36.36%,分别是阳澄湖、昆承湖、元荡和淀山湖;生态系统健康等级为差的湖荡湿地占18.18%,分别是滆湖、澄湖和宜兴三氿.本研究建立的湖泊生态健康评估体系和湖泊生态健康评价结果对太湖流域湖荡湿地的后续有效管理具有重要的现实意义. 相似文献
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This paper presents an ecological–economic model for a lake and its watershed systems. We describe the linkage between the watershed system and the lake aquatic ecosystem and the modeling process. The lake–watershed system was divided into six subsystems: social system, economic system, terrestrial ecosystem, lake water system, pollutant system, and lake aquatic ecosystem. The model equations were constructed based on five main assumptions. The Lake Qionghai watershed in southwestern China, which is undergoing rapid eutrophication, was used as a case study. The targeted goals for total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations in the lake in 2015 are 0.025 and 10.0 mg m−3, respectively. We present two scenarios from 2004 to 2015 based on the ecological–economic model. In both scenarios, the TP and Chl a concentrations in the lake are predicted to increase under the effects of watershed pressures and the targeted goals cannot be met. The application of techniques to reduce pollutants loading and the corresponding pollutants reductions are reflected again in the constructed model. The model predicts that TP and Chl a concentrations will decrease to 0.024 and 7.71 mg m−3, respectively, which meet the targeted thresholds. The model results provide directions for local government management of watersheds and lake aquatic ecosystem restoration. 相似文献
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The influence of river‐to‐lake backflow on the hydrodynamics of a large floodplain lake system (Poyang Lake,China) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Backflow, the temporary reversal of discharge at the outlet of a lake, is an important mechanism controlling flow and transport in many connected river–lake systems. This study used statistical methods to examine long‐term variations and primary causal factors of backflow from the Yangtze River to a laterally connected, large floodplain lake (Poyang Lake, China). Additionally, the effects of backflow on the lake hydrology were explored using a physically based hydrodynamic model and a particle‐tracking model. Although backflow into Poyang Lake occurs frequently, with an average of 16 backflow events per year, and varies greatly in magnitude between years, statistical analysis indicates that both the frequency and magnitude of backflow reduced significantly during 2001–2010 relative to the previous period of 1960–2000. The ratio of Poyang Lake catchment inflows to Yangtze River discharge can be used as an indication of the daily occurrence of backflow, which is most likely to occur during periods when this ratio is lower than 5%. Statistical analysis also indicates that the Yangtze River discharge is the main controlling factor of backflow during July to October, rather than catchment inflows to the lake. Hydrodynamic modelling reveals that, in general, backflow disturbs the normal northward water flow direction in Poyang Lake and transports mass ~20 km southward into the lake. The effects of backflow on flow direction, water velocities and water levels propagate to virtually its upstream extremity. The current study represents a first attempt to explore backflow and causal factors for a highly dynamic floodplain lake system. An improved understanding of Poyang Lake backflow is critical for guiding future strategies to manage the lake, its water quality and ecosystem value, given proposals to modify the lake–river connectivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献