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1.
1999—2009年,中国区域化探发生了根本性改变。主导思想是以地球化学理论为指导研究区域化探方法技术问题和进行矿产资源潜力评价。区域化探方法技术研究的基本要求是最大限度保持原生地球化学分布特征,表生地球化学条件下采样物质问题是区域化探方法研究的核心,样品采集应以代表地质找矿信息的基岩物质成分为原则,在全国范围内最大限度地保持采样物质的一致性。基于成矿地球化学理论建立资源潜力地球化学评价方法和实行地质找矿定量预测,使勘查地球化学从单纯方法手段上升到指导地质找矿的理论高度。主要标志是在全国建立完整的区域化探工作方法技术系统和实行样品分析质量全程监控。在区域化探高精度数据基础上绘制与出版精美的地球化学图集,使区域地球化学图精确地反映地质背景分布与异常特征,促进区域化探数据信息深度开发和利用,建立具有从区域、普查到详查进行全过程独立开展资源调查、评价和预测的方法技术体系和工作程序。区域化探长期支撑中国地质找矿工作,是整个地质找矿工作的先导。随着新一代地区和全国地球化学图的形成,将在基础地质和成矿规律研究以及揭示重大地质事件等方面提供新的发现、新的认识和新的观点,对于未来中国勘查地球化学和整个地质工作产生重要影响。 相似文献
2.
Pavel V. Koval 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1984,21(1-3)
Regional lithogeochemical surveys can be used to determine the geochemical characteristics of particular tectonic regions as well as mapping geochemistry in relation to geology and ore deposits at a larger scale. Regional lithogeochemistry is of particular value for assigning signatures to associations of igneous rocks which are related geochemically and geologically.The application of regional lithogeochemistry to mineral exploration is reviewed here with particular reference to the Mesozoic magmatic province of Mongolia. Geochemical data for granitoids are shown to have particular application to: (1) the classification and grouping of rocks of similar petrochemical and mineral compositions; (2) the compilation of tectonic and metallogenic maps; (3) the identification of metallogenic provinces and ore zones; and (4) predictive modelling to identify ore-bearing associations. Moreover, such data can be used to estimate the probable types and sizes of ore bodies associated with particular geochemical rock types. Regional lithogeochemistry thus forms an essential basis for prospecting for mineral deposits. 相似文献
3.
Regional geochemical maps in Finland have been produced from many different programmes. The scale of sampling, the material collected and the analytical methods used varied according to the aim of the study. The entire country was covered at a reconnaissance scale using glacial till, groundwater, surface water and organic stream sediments as sampling media. Glacial till was sampled throughout the country at a regional scale. Local scale mapping and detailed geochemical studies are carried out in selected areas. The main analytical methods have been ICP-AES and ICP-MS, but other methods were used when necessary. In assaying solid material, both total decomposition and strong acid (aqua regia) leaching were used. The results are stored in ALKEMIA, a database developed in the geochemistry department of the Geological Survey of Finland. The data are available as tabulated ASCII files and as digital image files on diskettes, or as various types of symbol and colour maps from desired areas or map sheets. Two examples of the application of geochemical mapping data in prospecting and in environmental research are presented. Indications of the presence of gold and multiple-sulphide ore deposits have been the most useful results obtained from a prospecting standpoint. On the environmental side, reconnaissance scale geochemical mapping data gave more reliable information on the base cation concentration than bedrock maps, making them particularly valuable in devising an acidification assessment model. 相似文献
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矿产资源地球化学评价和预测的几个问题 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
在总结国内外勘查地球化学矿产资源评价和找矿预测研究现状和存在问题的基础上，从勘查地球化学角度出发，将矿产资源评价划分为6个级次。提出了全国性、成矿带和矿田级次矿产资源地球化学评价和预测的方法。 相似文献
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"十一五"期间(2006—2010年),国土资源部中国地质调查局继续推进区域化探与多目标区域地球化学调查计划。在区域化探方面,完成调查面积82.93万km2(累计完成756.62万km2),发现异常4 708处,经验证发现各类矿产411处,其中有色金属矿产273处,占66.4%,取得重大找矿突破。开展矿产资源地球化学评价,通过建立典型矿床地球化学异常模式,来圈定找矿靶区和进行资源潜力定量预测。在多目标区域地球化学调查方面,完成调查面积26.56万km2(累积完成165.66万km2),建立生态地球化学评价体系,主要针对重金属元素成因来源、迁移转化、生态效应与变化趋势进行较为全面和深入的研究。土地质量地球化学评价表明,中国土地达到优质级占53%,优良级占33%,较差等级主要分布在中东部经济社会发达地区。土壤有机碳研究表明,全国表层土壤(0～0.2m)平均碳密度仅为3 186t/km2,且各地区碳密度变化幅度较大,说明中国土壤有机碳处于低水平和不稳定状态。"十一五"期间勘查地球化学针对重大资源与环境问题,深化和延拓地质工作内涵,逐步形成矿产资源评价、生态地质科学研究、土地质量与生态评价、全球变化科学研究及基础地学研究等现代地质工作若干重要发展领域。 相似文献
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全国区域化探数据库首次汇集了全国28个省（自治区、直辖市）的1∶20万和1∶50万区域化探39种元素和氧化物的测试数据,共计数据点142万个,近5 540万个数据,涉及1∶20万图幅1 299个,1∶50万图幅18个,在国内第一次建立了地球化学海量数据库。全国矿产资源潜力评价项目对数据库进行了更新,使全国区域化探数据库汇集数据总量达147万余条记录,数据达6 321万。在此基础上,编制了4万多张各类地球化学系列图件,并建立了空间数据库,为地球化学研究和矿产资源预测相关专业提供了丰富的地球化学信息。该项成果的取得为在全国范围内研究区域地球化学分布、生态环境、基础地质和找矿远景规划提供了最基础的资料。 相似文献
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勘查地球化学工作的进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地球化学勘查,主要是利用先进的微量元素测定技术,系统地研究各种天然物质(如岩石、疏松沉积物、水系沉积物、水、气体、生物等)中元素的分布和分配特征,从而获得找矿信息的一种找矿方法。在我国,从五十年代初期至今三十多年来,化探工作从无到有,化探队伍由小到大,建立了一支有一定基础的专业队伍,初步形成了我国自己的方法技术体系,获得了丰硕的地质—找矿成果。 相似文献
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十年来物探、化探、遥感工作取得了长足的进步:开辟和扩大了新的应用领域,覆盖了地质工作中区域调查、矿产普查和水文、工程、环境地质三大方面,取得了一批好的地质效果,方法技术有了较大进步,有的达到了国际先进水平。“八五”期间和今后十年物探、化探、遥感要为提高地质调查程度和加深矿产地质背景的认识,提高找矿命中率,加大探测深度,扩大服务领域等方面发挥特殊的作用。区域性工作要有计划地提高覆盖率,开展综合编图,深化地质解释,为解决某些基础地质问题和矿产普查指明方向。矿产勘查工作要系统开展成矿远景区的物探、化探普查,加强异常查证,提高寻找隐伏矿和难识别矿的能力。水文、工程、环境调查方面要拓宽遥感、物探、化探的服务领域,充分发挥它们的作用。技术进步取决于方法、技术、设备等方面的进步和方法、技术的优化组合。为使技术水平有较大提高,要组织某些重大的技术课题进行研究和攻关,还要适时制订修订技术标准、规范、规程。 相似文献
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This paper summarizes advances since 1987 in the application of glacial sediment sampling to mineral exploration (drift prospecting) in areas affected by continental or alpine glaciation. In these exploration programs, clastic glacial sediments are tested by geochemical or mineralogical methods to detect dispersal trains of mineral deposit indicators that have been glacially transported from source by mechanical processes. In glaciated terrain the key sampling medium, till, is produced by abrasion, crushing and blending of rock debris and recycled sediment followed by down-ice dispersal ranging from a few metres to many kilometres. As a consequence of the mid-1980s boom in gold exploration, the majority of case studies and regional till geochemical surveys published in the past decade deal with this commodity. Approximately 30% of Canada and virtually all of Fennoscandia have been covered by regional till geochemical surveys that aid mineral exploration and provide baseline data for environmental, agricultural, and landuse planning. The most profound event in drift prospecting in the last decade, however, has been the early-1990s explosion in diamond exploration which has dramatically increased the profile of glacial geology and glacial sediment sampling and stimulated changes in sampling and analytical methods. 相似文献
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青海省天峻县浪琴地区1∶5万区域地质矿产调查,综合利用已有区域地质、物探、化探、遥感及矿产等资料,在区域地质调查、水系沉积物测量和遥感解译及蚀变信息提取等基础上,开展矿点概略性检查和物化探异常查证等工作,基本查明了区内铜、金、银、钒、铬、镍等矿产的成矿地质背景和成矿条件,圈定了45处水系沉积物单元素异常,其中乙类异常31处,丙类异常14处,新发现金属矿(化)点4处,圈定了找矿远景区,指明了找矿方向。 相似文献
11.
区域化探样品元素测定几个问题的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
化探样品元素测定的要求,因任务的不同而异。区测与普查相比其要求不同。在普查(及详查)阶段,工作限定在较小的范围内,可能发现的矿种有限或可以预测,测定元素的数目也相应较少(约20种元素)．普查的测网较密,主要是圈出含量和衬度较高的异常内带,对灵敏度和准确度要求可以低些。区域化探主要是发现强度低、衬度低而范围大的区域地球化学异常,而且做为地球化学基础资料,是按分幅扫面,最后要拼缩成全国性的地球化学图。由于图幅间的对比拼接,要求较高的灵敏度和准确度。在区测中凡是能形成独立矿产的元素(包括稀有分散元素)以及有指示意义的伴生元素都要测定。区测化探不但用于找矿,目前日益为区域地质、自然区划、环境保护和农林畜牧的研究,提供重要的地球化学资料。目前测定的元素包括成岩特征元素在内已达39种。文中还探讨了在我国目前化验水平和能力的情况下,完成区测化探样品测定的方法和工作步骤。 相似文献
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In recent years mineral exploration has concentrated on concealed deposits in regolith-covered terrains. In China, the regolith-covered landscapes mainly include desert windblown sand basins, desert peneplains, semi-arid grassland, loess plateaus, forestry land, alluvial plains and laterite terrains. These diverse regolith-covered areas represent geochemical challenges for mineral exploration in China. This paper provides an overview of recent progress on mechanisms of metal dispersion from the buried ore deposits through the transported cover to the surface and penetrating geochemical methods to detect the anomalies. Case studies show that, in arid and semi-arid desert sand-covered terrains, sampling of fine-fraction (− 120 mesh, < 0.125 mm) clay-rich horizon soil is cost-effective for regional geochemical surveys for sandstone-type uranium, gold, and base metal deposits. Fine-fraction sampling, selective-leaching and overburden drilling geochemical methods can effectively indicate the 210 gold ore body at Jinwozi goldfield. In alluvium-covered terrains, fine-grained soil sampling (− 200 mesh, < 0.074 mm) combined with selective leaching geochemistry shows clear ring-shaped anomalies of Cu and Ni over the Zhouan concealed Cu–Ni deposit. In laterite-covered terrains, the anomalies determined by the fine-fraction soils and selective leaching of absorbed metals on coatings of Fe–Mn oxides coincide well with the concealed deposit over the Yueyang ore deposits at the Zijin Au–Cu–Ag field. Nanoparticles of hexagonal crystals mainly native copper, gold and alloys of Cu–Fe, Cu–Fe–Mn, Cu–Ti, and Cu–Au were observed in gases, soils and ores using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The findings imply that nanoparticles of gold and copper may migrate through the transported cover to the surface. Uranium is converted to uranyl ions [UO22 +] under oxidizing conditions when migrating from ore bodies to the surface. The uranyl ions are absorbed on clay minerals, because clay layers have a net negative charge, which needs to be balanced by interlayer cations. Nanoparticles of Au and Cu and ion complexes of U are more readily absorbed onto fine fractions of soils containing clays, colloids, oxides and organic matters. Thus, fine-grained soils enriched with clays, oxides and colloids are useful media for regional geochemical surveys in regolith-covered terrains and in sedimentary basins. Fine-fraction soil sampling combined with selective leaching geochemistry is effective for finding concealed ore bodies in detailed surveys. Penetrating geochemistry at surface sampling provides cost-effective mineral exploration methods for delineation of regional and local targets in transported cover terrains. 相似文献
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甘肃小柳沟铜钨多金属矿床地球化学异常特征及找矿标志 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
阐述了小柳沟铜钨多金属矿床的区域地质和区域地球化学概况，并分析了该区的成矿地质条件及地球化学演化特征。在研究了1：10万分散流普查结果的基础上，采用1：2．5万沟系次生晕普查方法，获得了Cu、Mo、Ag、Pb、Zn等元素综合异常，通过验证表明，Cu、Mo异常的浓集中心与铜钼矿体位置一致。又通过原生晕普查，分析了各元素的岩石地球化学分布特征。同时证实了沟系次生晕与原生晕具有同样的找矿效果。因而，提出相关的地质、地球化学找矿(分散流、沟系次生晕、原生晕)标志。 相似文献
15.
本文讨论了金、银矿产普查中应用化探的找矿效果和方法使用中的一些问题。文章主要简介了1980～1985年期间化探方法找金、银矿产所取得的找矿成果,新发现59处矿床和矿产地。指出了在中国的地理一地质条件下,寻找金、银矿必须首先开展小比例尺的区域化探,以便尽快缩小找矿靶区,圈出成矿远景区,然后进行普、详查工作,才能很快取得重大找矿成果,同时也会缩短找矿周期和节约经费。还讨论了开展区域、普查和详查化探各阶段的工作任务,在1:20万区域化探和1:5万普查化探阶段主要应选用水系沉积物测量。在大比例尺详查中主要选用土壤测量或岩石测量。讨论了在普、详查中进行组合样品的问题。同时也指出承担金、银矿化探普查的野外队必须掌握痕量金分析方法和技术及形成生产能力的重要性。 相似文献
16.
This paper outlines the recent advances in geochemical exploration in China.The Regional Geochemistry—National Reconnaissance (RGNR) Project first proposed in 1978, continues to be the focus of geochemical exploration activities in China. Several rapid quantitative multi-element analysis systems using conventional equipment available in most Chinese geological laboratories, have been developed. Eight Geochemical Standard Reference Samples of Drainage Sediments were prepared. Large-scale orientation or pilot surveys are being carried out by nearly 2/3 of the provincial geological bureaus in China. Methods of regional and follow up surveys for high and cold mountainous terrain have been worked out.Special attention has been given to the improvement and application of mercury vapour detection techniques. A new sampler was used to enhance anomalous values. A new Zeeman effect mercury detector was constructed and tested in routine analysis of mercury. Experiments of the application of soil gas mercury survey in petroleum and uranium prospecting are briefly described.Some examples of recent geochemical success in China are given. 相似文献
17.
本文根据地矿部各省地矿局近年来提供的采用化探方法找到的各类矿床的发现史讨论地球化学勘查的合理程序问题.作者根据地矿部各省局采用化探方法找到的各类矿床的找矿案例中总结了四类化探勘查程序,并分别对四类程序的特点和问题进行了讨论.作者一方面强调了在成矿运景区内的化探普、详查选区要有前期化探资料为依据,另一方面也指出了勘查程序并不是一成不变的,常常要根据一项勘查工作的要求、资金保证程度和异常检查情况等多种因素设计和确定最佳的勘查程序. 相似文献
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矿产勘查地球化学:过去的成就与未来的挑战 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
勘查地球化学经过 70年的发展 ,已从矿产勘查从属地位的一种战术手段上升到能左右整个矿产勘查全局的战略地位 ,并且从一门经验或技术 ,发展成为一门地学分支科学。这主要表现在 (1)系统地建立了各种类型的地球化学分散模式 ,并根据这些分散模式所形成的地球化学异常去追踪和发现矿床的理论 ;(2 )发展了各种尺度和各种不同介质的地球化学采样方法 ,多元素高灵敏分析方法和数据处理与图件表达方法 ;(3)发展了不同尺度 (局部、区域、国家和全球 )地球化学填图理论 ,一些国家开始陆续完成和出版了区域性或国家性地球化学图 ;(4 )在全世界发现了一大批新的矿产地 ,包括从 2 0世纪 30年代一直延续到 70年代在前苏联、北美和南美发现的许多斑岩铜矿 ,70年代在北美发现许多铀矿 ,80年代开始在中国发现数百个金矿。勘查地球化学尽管取得了从理论到实践的很大成功 ,但它也面临如下的挑战 :(1)全球各种介质中的地球化学基准与全球地球化学填图 ,(2 )隐伏区三维地球化学分散模式、深穿透地球化学与隐伏区矿产勘查 ,(3)巨量金属的聚集机理、地球化学块体与大型矿集区或巨型矿床的定量评价 ,(4 )难识别矿种或难识别类型的地球化学勘查与评价方法。 相似文献