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1.
The influence of volcanism on paleoclimate in the northeast of China： Insights from Jinchuan peat, Jilin Province, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Just like contemporary sediments, peat itself is a good repository of information about climate change, the effects of volcanic
activity on climate change have been truly recorded in peat, since it is a major archive of volcanic eruption incidents. A
section of sand was identified as tephra from the Jinchuan peat, Jilin Province, China, for the grains look like slag with
surface bubbles and pits, characterized by high porosity, and loose structure with irregular edges and corners. According
to the peat characteristics of uniform deposition, the tephra was dated at 2002–1976 a B.P. by way of linear interpolation,
so the time of volcanic eruption was 15 B.C.–26 A.D. (the calibrated age). While the geochemical characteristics of tephra
in this study are quite the same as those of tephra from the Jinlongdingzi volcano at Longgang and from alkaline basaltic
magma, with the contents of SiO2<55%, and the similar contents to Al2O3 and Fe, but the contents of Na2O>K2O. We speculated that the tephra in this study came from the Longgang volcano group. Compared with 11 recorded volcanic eruption
events as shown on the carbon and oxygen isotope curves of the Jinchuan peat cellulose, it is obviously seen that adjacent
or large-scale volcanic eruptions are precisely corresponding to the minimum temperature and humidity. It seems that these
volcanic eruptions indeed affected the local climate, leading to the drop of regional temperature and humidity. As a result,
there was prevailing a cold and dry climate there, and all these changes can be well recorded in peat. So the comparison of
volcanic eruption events with information about climate change developed from peat, can provide strong evidence for the impact
of volcanism on climate change. 相似文献
2.
Cenozoic volcanic rocks widespread in eastern China constitute an important part of the circum-Pacific volcanic belt.This paper presents more than 150K-Ar dates and a great deal of petrochemical analysis data from the Cenozoic volcanic rocks distributed in Tengchong,China‘s southeast coast,Shandong,Hebei,Nei Monggol and Northeast China.An integrated study shows that ubiquitous but uneven volcanic activities prevailed from the Eogene to the Holocene,characterized as being multi-eqisodic and multicycled.For example,in the Paleocene(67-58Ma),Eocene(57-37.5Ma),Miocene(22-18,16-19Ma),Pliocene(8-3Ma),and Early Pleistocene-Middle Pleistocene(1.2-0.5Ma) there were upsurges of volcanism,while in the Oligocene there was a repose period.In space,the older Eogene volcanic rocks are distributed within the region or in the central part of the NE-NNE-striking fault depression,while the younger Neogene and Quaternary volcanic rocks are distributed in the eastern and western parts.Petrologically,they belong essentially to tholeiite-series and alkali-series basalts,with alkalinity in the rocks increasing from old to youg.The above regularities are controlled by both global plate movement and regional inherent tectonic pattern. 相似文献
3.
Stefan Wastegrd 《第四纪科学杂志》2002,17(8):723-730
Comparatively few Icelandic tephra horizons dated to the early part of the Holocene have so far been detected outside Iceland. Here, I present several tephra horizons that have been recorded in a Holocene peat sequence on the Faroe Islands. Geochemical analyses show that at least two dacitic and one rhyolitic tephra layers were erupted from the Katla volcanic system on southern Iceland between ca. 8000 and 5900 cal. yr BP. The upper two layers can be correlated with the SILK tephras described from southern Iceland, whereas the third, dated to ca. 8000 cal. yr BP, has a geochemistry virtually identical to the rhyolitic component of the Vedde Ash. The results suggest that the Late Weichselian and early Holocene eruption history of the Katla volcano was probably more complex than inferred from Iceland. A new, early Holocene rhyolitic tephra dated to ca. 10 500 cal. yr BP probably originates in the Snæfellsnes volcanic centre in western Iceland. These new findings may play an important role in developing a Holocene tephra framework for northwest Europe. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
V. A. Bobrov A. A. Bogush G. A. Leonova V. A. Krasnobaev G. N. Anoshin 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2011,439(2):1152-1156
When examining the peat deposit discovered in Vydrinaya bog, South Baikal region, the authors encountered anomalous Zn and
Cu concentrations for highmoors being up to 600–500 ppm on a dry matter basis in the Early Holocene beds (360–440 cm) formed
11 000–8500 years ago. It has been demonstrated that Zn and Cu are present inside the plant cells of peat moss in the form
of authigenic sulfide minerals of micron size. Apart from Zn and Cu, native Ag particles (5–7 um) have been encountered in
the peat of the Vydrinaya bog at a depth of 390–410 cm; these particles formed inside the organic matter of the plasma membrane
of peat moss containing Ca, Al, S, and Cu. This study suggests probable patterns of the formation of zinc sulfides, copper
sulfides, and native silver in peat moss. The results obtained indicate that biogenic mineral formation plays a significant
role in this system, which is a very important argument in the discussion on the ore genesis, in which physicochemical processes
are normally favored, while the role of living matter is quite frequently disregarded. 相似文献
5.
青藏东北部若尔盖高原全新世泥炭沉积年代学研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
用泥炭纹泥计年与14C测年相结合的新方法,首次在青藏高原东北部的若尔盖高原建立了系列完整、可信度佳和年尺度的高分辨率更新世末及全新世泥炭沉积年代谱,时间跨度为 13 6 5 5年至现在;阐明了若尔盖高原不同类型全新世泥炭沉积的时序和空间分异规律;从沉积学上证实了各期仙女木事件的存在和发生时间;划定全新世大暖期为距今 95 0 0～ 2 0 0 0年,是泥炭沉积高速期;计算了泥炭沉积率。上述结果对青藏高原也有一定代表意义. 相似文献
6.
N. G. Razzhigaeva L. A. Ganzei T. A. Grebennikova L. M. Mokhova Kh. A. Arslanov T. A. Kopoteva A. V. Rybin 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2012,6(4):326-338
The evolution stages of the lacustrine-boggy sedimentary environments and the role of the climatic and volcanic factors were reconstructed on the basis of complex stratigraphic (botanical, palynological, and diatom analyses and tephrostratigraphy) and radiocarbon studies of the peat lands on Rasshua Island during the middle-late Holocene. The stages of the landscape evolution and the time of their reorganization were determined. 相似文献
7.
V. A. Pervov S. V. Somov A. V. Korshunov E. V. Dulapchii J. T. Félix 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2011,53(4):295-308
The Catoca kimberlite pipe is among the world’s largest primary diamond deposits. The Catoca volcanic edifice is only slightly
eroded. Kimberlitic rocks of various facies compose a crater of about 1 km in diameter and a diatreme. The structure of the
pipe and mining conditions of the deposit are complicated by intense intrapipe tectonic processes related to large-amplitude
subsidence. Based on geological data, we propose a structural model of the deposit and a paleovolcanological model of the
Catoca pipe formed during a full cycle beginning with a stage of active volcanism and completed by stages of gradually waning
volcanic activity and sedimentation. It is suggested that the banded tuffisitic kimberlite of the crater zone was deposited
at the stage of active volcanic eruption from specific pyroclastic suspension as a low-viscosity mixture of crystals and aqueous
sol rich in serpentine. 相似文献
8.
Small mounds of peat rise several metres above the level of the water‐table at Melaleuca Inlet and Louisa Plains on the buttongrass plains in southwest Tasmania. Possible origins of the peat mounds have been explored by pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating of a set of samples taken from a vertical section of one peat mound at Melaleuca. The peat accumulation is entirely of Holocene age although the mound is underlain by sapric peats preserving a cold climate palynoflora of probable Late Pleistocene age. Peats at and near the base of the mound accumulated under a heath sedgeland during the earliest Holocene while after about 7630 a BP the peat‐forming vegetation was shrub‐dominated. The radiocarbon data indicate two main phases of overall peat accumulation, between 7630 and 5340 a BP (Middle Holocene) and between 4450 and 450 a BP (Late Holocene), that were interrupted by a wildfire which burnt into the surface peats. The maintenance of high surface and internal levels of moisture almost certainly was the critical factor behind the low incidence of in situ fires burning into the surface peats on the mound. The perennial influx of groundwater below the mound is a possible origin that fits well with our observations, although the expansion and contraction of soils cannot be discounted as an initiating factor. Enhanced nutrient input from birds may have helped promote growth in the peat‐forming communities. The data do not support the mounds being eroded remnants of a former blanket peat cover or being due to periglacial activity. The peat mounds of southwest Tasmania deserve maximum protection because of their rarity in the Australian landscape and, it seems, elsewhere. 相似文献
9.
A number of studies have revealed that the climate in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China is sensitive
to postglacial changes. Unfortunately, the link of the past climate evolution between the two regions is not well understood.
In this study, two cores are analyzed to determine this link directly. The high-resolution n-alkanol distribution patterns from two typical peat sequences covering the past 16,000 cal years in the northeastern margin
of the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China, respectively, are closely examined by gas chromatograph–mass spectrometry analysis.
In combination with other palaeoclimatic proxies, it is proposed that the n-alkanol average chain length and (C22 + C24)/(C26 + C28) ratio could reflect past climate changes in the two peat sequences. The n-alkanol proxies reveal several climatic intervals in the period from the last deglaciation through the Holocene. A comparison
of n-alkanol records between the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China indicates that the start and end
of the warm Holocene Optimum differed at the two locations. The spatially asynchronous pattern of climatic change is possibly
a result of different responses to change in solar radiation. The evolution of the Holocene paleoclimate is more consistent
with changes in Northern Hemisphere solar radiation in Northeast China than on the Tibetan Plateau. The Holocene Optimum began
and terminated earlier in Northeast China than in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Thus, the two n-alkanol proxies provide valuable insights into the regional Holocene climate and local environmental conditions. 相似文献
10.
The Holocene Period for the province of West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, is characterised by periodic catastrophic volcanism. The region is mantled in dense wet tropical rainforest, and has been occupied by people since the Pleistocene. Analyses of peat from two nearby sites within a lowland rainforest environment provide us with a macro-level landscape account of the periodic destruction and recovery of the coastal forests during seven periods of volcanic activity in the latter part (2900 yr ago to present) of the Holocene. Radiocarbon dating shows the very close correlation of the peat and tephra layers at both sites, yet the pollen analysis reveals different vegetation communities. These initial results allow us to begin identifying the processes of recovery, and to recognise different ecological pressures placed on vegetation at these neighbouring sites. Evidence of hydrological changes are observed beginning with a marine incursion recorded at Garu Site 3 1360 14C yr B.P. The distinct differences in the vegetation re-establishment and community regeneration rates suggest the greater level of disturbance at Garu Site 1 could be related to the depth of the ashfall, although the proximity of a known human settlement may also be a contributing factor. Of note, palynologically, we found that the fern spore flora is particularly rich and believe it will be useful for ecological interpretation. 相似文献
11.
K. Christanis A. Georgakopoulos J. L. Fernndez-Turiel A. Bouzinos 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1998,36(3-4)
Six peat samples obtained from the Holocene and the Weichselian of the Philippi peat deposit, eastern Macedonia, Greece, were analyzed for 48 trace elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS). The ash contents of these samples were also determined. Most of the trace elements are associated with the minerals in the peat, while Ge, Mo, Pb, Se, Ta, Tl, U, and W display a greater affinity with the organic matter. Compared with crustal averages (Clarke concentrations), the Philippi peat is enriched in some elements (Ag, As, Au, Cd, Mo, Se, Te, U, and W) because of the respective mineralizations in the area. The Philippi peat is also enriched in Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sc, Sn, T, V, Y, and Zn in comparison with typical fen peats, as well as in As, Cr, Mo, Se, and U in comparison with typical coals. Climatic and hydrogeological conditions strongly influenced the peat-forming environment resulting in a differentiation between Holocene and Weichselian peat. Generally, the Holocene peat contains lower concentrations of trace elements in the northern and southern part of the fen, than the Weichselian one. The opposite trend is observed in the fen area close to the western basin margins. 相似文献
12.
Gianluca Sottili Danilo M. Palladino Biagio Giaccio Paolo Messina 《Mathematical Geosciences》2012,44(5):619-634
Benford’s analysis is applied to the recurrence times of approximately 17,000 seismic events in different geological contexts
of Italy over the last 6 years, including the Mt. Etna volcanic area and the seismic series associated with the destructive
M
w 6.3, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. A close conformity to Benford’s law and a power-law probability distribution for the recurrence
times of consecutive events is found, as typical of random multiplicative processes. The application of Benford’s law to the
recurrence event times in seismic series of specific seismogenic regions represents a novel approach, which enlarges the occurrence
and relevance of Benford-like asymmetries, with implications on the physics of natural systems approaching a power law behaviour.
Moreover, we propose that the shift from a close conformity of Benford’s law to Brownian dynamics, observed for time separations
among non-consecutive events in the study seismic series, may be ruled by a periodical noise factor, such as the effects of
Earth tides on seismicity tuning. 相似文献
13.
I. C. Kroon B.-L. Nguyen P. A. Fokker A. G. Muntendam-Bos G. de Lange 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(5):571-584
Understanding and predicting surface movement is important both technically and for social reasons. The shallow processes
contributing to subsidence include construction works, peat oxidation, clay compaction, and groundwater withdrawal; deep causes
are hydrocarbon and salt production. We describe an inversion procedure we have devised to disentangle the deep and shallow
causes of surface movement. It employs a Bayesian inversion scheme, using forward models and other ‘a priori’ information
about shallow and deep compaction. Parameter estimation thus takes place at two different depths, thereby disentangling the
deep and shallow compaction processes responsible for surface movement. The uncertainty in the surface measurements and ‘a
priori’ estimates is naturally incorporated. Furthermore, spatial and temporal correlations can be taken into account through
inclusion of the covariance matrix. The inversion scheme is demonstrated for two synthetic cases. The first combines a compacting
gas field and a compacting shallow peat layer. We demonstrate that assumptions on the shape of the subsidence bowl are not
necessary. We also show how neglecting either deep or shallow causes of subsidence can produce spurious results. The advantage
of using the ‘a priori’ estimates of the compaction and the covariance matrix obtained by Monte Carlo simulations is demonstrated
with a second synthetic example involving two polders and different depths of their water table. A robust solution is obtained
for each polder unit, while a simpler (and faster) ‘a priori’ estimate based on the expected average clay thickness fails
to reproduce the actual compaction. Monte Carlo simulations can also be applied to compaction in depleting gas reservoirs.
Information on spatial correlations is often available, even when the absolute values of the ‘a priori’ compaction data are
quite uncertain. Explicitly incorporating such ‘a priori’ known spatial correlations improves the result significantly. 相似文献
14.
Tropical peatlands of SE-Asia represent a significant terrestrial carbon reservoir of an estimated 65 Gt C. In this paper we present a comprehensive data synthesis of radiocarbon dated peat profiles and 31 basal dates of ombrogenous peat domes from the lowlands of Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo and integrate our peatland data with records of past sea-level and climate change in the region. Based on their developmental features three peat dome regions were distinguished: inland Central Kalimantan (Borneo), Kutai basin (Borneo) and coastal areas across the entire region. With the onset of the Holocene the first peat domes developed in Central Kalimantan as a response to rapid post-glacial sea-level rise over the Sunda Shelf and intensification of the Asian monsoon. Peat accumulation rates in Central Kalimantan strongly declined after 8500 cal BP in close relation to the lowering rate of the sea-level rise and possibly influenced by the regional impact of the 8.2 ka event. Peat growth in Central Kalimantan apparently ceased during the Late Holocene in association with amplified El Niño activity as exemplified by several truncated peat profiles. Peat domes from the Kutai basin are all younger than ～8300 cal BP. Peat formation and rates of peat accumulation were driven by accretion rates of the Mahakam River and seemingly independent of climate. Most coastal peat domes, the largest expanse of SE-Asian peatlands, initiated between 7000 and 4000 cal BP as a consequence of a Holocene maximum in regional rainfall and the stabilisation and subsequent regression of the sea-level. These boundary conditions induced the highest rates of peat accumulation of coastal peat domes. The Late Holocene sea-level regression led to extensive new land availability that allowed for continued coastal peat dome formation until the present. The time weighted mean Holocene peat accumulation rate is 0.54 mm yr?1 for Central Kalimantan, 1.89 mm yr?1 for Kutai and 1.77 mm yr?1 for coastal domes of Sumatra and Borneo. The mean Holocene carbon sequestration rates amount to 31.3 g C m?2 yr?1 for Central Kalimantan and 77.0 g C m?2 yr?1 for coastal sites, which makes coastal peat domes of south-east Asia the spatially most efficient terrestrial ecosystem in terms of long term carbon sequestration. 相似文献
15.
Catastrophic failures of blanket bogs, involving the escape and outflow of large volumes of semi-liquid basal peat, are well-known phenomena in Ireland but have only very rarely been reported from elsewhere in the world. Their precise causes and mechanisms are as yet unclear. The liquid limit (w
L) was identified as a potentially useful indicator of the susceptibility of peat to such failure because peat has extremely high natural water contents and, as an index property, w
L takes no account of the properties or structures of highly heterogeneous intact peat. However, the usual procedure for determining the w
L of peat is not fully standardised. Prepared samples will normally include potentially highly reactive particles of disrupted fibres and wood fragments that would not be present in such freshly disintegrated form in the field. This paper presents results from w
L determinations of peat obtained from the scar margins of three bog failures in northwest Ireland, using four different test procedures including a method involving wet-sieving of the peat to separate the humified <425-μm fraction for testing without incorporating artificially fragmented particles of fibres. The sampled peat was classified as H8–H10 according to the von Post humification scale. The fibre contents varied between the sites, but the ash contents were <3% in all but one test sample, and bulk densities (dry and field-wet) of the peat from all three sites were almost identical. w
L results from the wet-sieving method were 708–785%, compared with 633–980% from the standard method. The highest measured field water contents exceeded the wet-sieved w
L for all three of the field sites. Tests of cone penetration into intact peat cores demonstrated the influence of the reinforcing effect of in situ fibres. The results strongly suggest the need to adopt a fully standardised procedure for determining the w
L of peat. Additional shear vane measurements of intact and remoulded peat from a bog failure in Northern Ireland indicated a very high ‘strength sensitivity’. This leads to the suggestion that a slight disturbance of basal peat can lead to a loss of strength that rapidly propagates as local stresses change and cause further remoulding as water contents exceed w
L. 相似文献
16.
17.
长白山地区是中国泥炭分布集中地区之一。本文选择长白山地区典型的泥炭剖面--大桥剖面,探讨其沉积物常量元素和微量元素的垂直分布规律及其对全新世气候变化的指示作用,并与该区另一代表剖面--金川泥炭剖面进行对比。结果表明,泥炭中常量元素含量最大值出现在195 cm,向上、向下都减少,铁含量与灰分、容重在剖面上的变化规律基本一致,说明它主要来源于灰分;由于泥炭和砂土的基本性质,如容重、灰分、pH值有很大的区别,泥炭层微量元素大于下部砂土的含量,亚表层微量元素含量最高,这与灰分、纤维含量正好相反,与pH值剖面变化一致;沉积物容重、灰分、pH值、Ca/ Mg以及元素的富集因子、泥炭中总碳含量在剖面上的变化,显示很强的一致性,据此反映该区经历了早11880～7600aBP)、中(7 600～480aBP)、晚(2480～0aBP)全新世三个环境阶段,其结论与前人通过孢粉、同位素手段分析得到的金川泥炭剖面环境变迁规律相同,从而说明它们可以作为研究环境变迁的敏感指标。 相似文献
18.
TIIT HANG STEFAN WASTEGÅRD SIIM VESKI ATKO HEINSALU 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2006,35(4):644-649
This article reports the first discovery of middle Holocene cryptotephra from a peat sequence in Estonia, eastern Baltic. Two sequences, Mustjärve and Parika (located 110 km apart), were chosen for a pilot study aimed at finding traces of tephra fallout during the middle Holocene. Peat accumulation at both sites started in the early Holocene (c. 9500–9000 14 C yr BP; c . 11 000–10000 cal. yr BP) and continued throughout the whole Holocene. The radiocarbon-dated intervals between c. 2000 and 5000 14 C yr BP (c. 2000–5500 cal. yr BP) were chosen from both sites for the study. Colourless tephra shards were identified at 312–316 cm below the peat surface in the Mustjärve peat sequence, while no tephra was found in peat of the same age at Parika. Electron microprobe analyses suggest a correlation with the initial phase of the Hekla-4 eruption (c. 4260 cal. yr BP), although the age-depth model indicated an age around 4900 cal. yr BP. Small concentrations of colourless to light brown tephra shards at 266–270 cm in the Mustjärve sequence indicate that the Kebister tephra (c. 3750 cal. yr BP) might also be present, but geochemical analyses were not possible. The low concentration and small size of the tephra particles indicate that Estonian bogs are probably on the verge of where tephrochronology is possible in northwestern Europe. Further studies of full Holocene sequences are required in order to discover traces of other ash plumes reaching as far east as the eastern Baltic area. 相似文献
19.
C.P. Green C.R. Batchelor P.J. Austin A.D. Brown N.G. Cameron D.S. Young 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014
Deposit modelling based on archived borehole logs supplemented by a small number of dedicated boreholes is used to reconstruct the main boundary surfaces and the thickness of the main sediment units within the succession of Holocene alluvial deposits underlying the floodplain in the Barking Reach of the Lower Thames Valley. The basis of the modelling exercise is discussed and the models are used to assess the significance of floodplain relief in determining patterns of sedimentation. This evidence is combined with the results of biostratigraphical and geochronological investigations to reconstruct the environmental conditions associated with each successive stage of floodplain aggradation. The two main factors affecting the history and spatial pattern of Holocene sedimentation are shown to be the regional behaviour of relative sea level and the pattern of relief on the surface of the sub-alluvial, Late Devensian Shepperton Gravel. As is generally the case in the Lower Thames Valley, three main stratigraphic units are recognised, the Lower Alluvium, a peat bed broadly equivalent to the Tilbury III peat of Devoy (1979) and an Upper Alluvium. There is no evidence to suggest that the floodplain was substantially re-shaped by erosion during the Holocene. Instead, the relief inherited from the Shepperton Gravel surface was gradually buried either by the accumulation of peat or by deposition of fine-grained sediment from suspension in standing or slow-moving water. The palaeoenvironmental record from Barking confirms important details of the Holocene record observed elsewhere in the Lower Thames Valley, including the presence of Taxus in the valley-floor fen carr woodland between about 5000 and 4000 cal BP, and the subsequent growth of Ulmus on the peat surface. 相似文献
20.
在晚石炭世—早二叠世,鄂尔多斯盆地泥炭沼泽环境下发育的富含火山尘填隙物砂岩是煤成气的主要储集层。研究表明,该类砂岩的原杂基主要由同沉积期初步水化作用的火山尘构成;在煤系地层水环境下,火山尘经过初步水化作用后并不能形成沸石族矿物,主要形成了铝硅酸盐和硅酸盐的微细混合物;在埋藏过程中,砂岩火山尘填隙物的水岩反应受到煤系地层水介质性质及其活动性影响,主要发生脱水收缩作用、溶解作用、蚀变作用、碳酸盐交代作用和重结晶作用;火山尘填隙物的成岩作用在局部范围内可改善天然气储层,但也增强了储层的非均质性。 相似文献