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1.
New sources of data such as ‘big data’ and computational analytics have stimulated innovative pedestrian oriented research. Current studies, however, are still limited and subjective with regard to the use of Google Street View and other online sources for environment audits or pedestrian counts because of the manual information extraction and compilation, especially for large areas. This study aims to provide future research an alternative method to conduct large scale data collection more consistently and objectively on pedestrian counts and possibly for environment audits and stimulate discussion of the use of ‘big data’ and recent computational advances for planning and design. We explore and report information needed to automatically download and assemble Google Street View images, as well as other image parameters for a wide range of analysis and visualization, and explore extracting pedestrian count data based on these images using machine vision and learning technology. The reliability tests results based on pedestrian information collected from over 200 street segments in Buffalo, NY, Washington, D.C., and Boston, MA respectively suggested that the image detection method used in this study are capable of determining the presence of pedestrian with a reasonable level of accuracy. The limitation and potential improvement of the proposed method is also discussed. 相似文献
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面积辽阔的南海是中国未来重要的能源接续区与资源基地,也是涉及国家海洋权益最为集中的区域。本文针对地理信息技术支撑下的南海岛礁研究现状,从南海岛礁现有基础数据成果、遥感手段岛礁基础地理信息提取方法及提取成果所做的岛礁分析与评价3方面,系统地回顾了国内外涉及南海岛礁资源环境研究的相关进展,评述了现有研究技术方法存在的不足,并对未来的研究进行了展望,在此基础上,提出了3个主要方向作为未来研究的重点：①促进遥感数据获取多源化,构建海量多源、多尺度南海岛礁遥感数据仓库;②加强技术协同创新,结合地理信息技术的发展,提升岛礁信息提取与监测的准确性与可靠性;③提升遥感分析智能化,研究并建立综合分析与情势推演平台及战略决策辅助支撑系统,以期为南海岛礁的进一步深入研究提供参考。 相似文献
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《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2018,39(3):401-420
The Indian state is empowered to acquire land on behalf of private companies by virtue of ‘eminent domain’ outlined in the Land Acquisition Act 1894. Several amendments to the 1894 Land Acquisition Act have broadened the purview of the ‘public purpose’ clause and have facilitated more state intervention in land acquisition on behalf of private capital. Rather than questioning the legitimacy of the prevailing practice of state intervention to resolve the glitches of access to land by private corporations, the New Act of 2013 has expanded the ambit of ‘public purpose’ to include public‐private‐partnership projects. This paper seeks to look into the political economy of why the neoliberal state must continue to acquire land on behalf of the capitalists in the liberalized economy. This paper also attempts to bring out the implications of divergent livelihood outcome under state acquisition and direct corporate land purchase for the land acquisition framework in India through the case study of Rajarhat New Town in West Bengal. 相似文献
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基于无人机可见光影像的高原丘陵盆地区山药植株识别 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用四旋翼无人机采集特色作物山药种植区影像，针对山药种植时间和管护水平差异导致的植株生长差异化特征，通过筛选红绿比值指数（RGRI）、过绿指数（ExG）和过绿减过红指数（ExG-ExR）等颜色指数获取山药植株最优颜色指数计算方法；以高斯高通滤波（GHPF）增强和保留山药植株高频信息，抑制杂草、玉米植株的噪声；结合田间测量山药植株数据，通过人机交互解译方法对图像滤波增强后的影像进行灰度分割和提取山药植株信息。结果表明：1）样区总体提取精度为91.14%，样区A、B、C的提取精度分别为90.94%、91.96%、90.81%，精度验证完整性为93.16%；2）随着山药植株多株连体生长复杂程度的增强，过绿指数具有的土壤与植被的分离性仍优于红绿比值指数和过绿减过红指数；3）使用高斯高通滤波能够有效消除杂草、玉米植株的影响，减小山药植株多株连接生长所产生的干扰；4）高斯高通滤波卷积核大小79×79适用于不同时相和不同生长情况的山药植株影像处理，针对不同的山药植株生长情况和不同时相的可见光影像，需调整灰度分割的阈值参数t，单株山药植株面积S由田间测量确定。该方法以快速灵活、低成本的方式识别和计算不同生长状态的山药植株数目，适用于喀斯特山区的精准农业监测研究和现代农业生产活动。 相似文献
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基于AutoCAD的Google Earth图像信息提取及应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Google Earth图像以精度高、信息丰富和免费使用等特点,正逐步给人们的工作和生活带来方便。如何将Google Earth图像制作成地图、提取感兴趣的信息,是人们普遍关心的问题。以成都理工大学为例,探讨了利用Google Earth图像,结合AutoCAD强大的图形编辑功能,进行信息提取及应用的过程,主要内容包括:图像获取、图像尺寸校正、图像数字化、图形整饰、信息提取及应用等。针对如何提取Google Earth图像上被阴影遮挡的图形信息,提出了图像量测与地面丈量相结合的解决办法。实践证明,这种方法实现了低成本、高精度和高效益,解决了人们日常用图的需要。最后指出了这种方法的适用领域,并且分析了Google Earth产品的优缺点及应用前景。 相似文献
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L. A. Plastinin G. K. Osipov V. M. Plyusnin V. P. Stupin V. V. Khilenko 《Geography and Natural Resources》2016,37(4):290-295
A rationale is provided for the need and current importance of establishing a cartographic-space monitoring of Siberia’s Arctic zone in conditions of an increased interest in the exploitation of the region’s natural resource wealth and an aggravation of the geopolitical situation. We examine the principles of cartographic-space monitoring as a system for real-time acquisition, processing, visual display and supply (to users) of geospace information on natural and anthropogenic processes and phenomena. The primary goal of monitoring is defined as well as its particular objectives, such as the promotion of geoinformation services, training and professional improvement of specialists in remotely sensed data processing, digital cartography and geoinformation technologies, etc. We developed a conceptual model for geoinformation support of cartographic-space monitoring, based on the methodology of system analysis. We determined the sources and the composition of geospace information as well as the main requirements on it. The composition, purpose, structure and characteristic features of the main monitoring units and subsystems are presented and discussed, on the basis of the geoinformation portal that provides the users with the systems of base servers intended for acquisition, generation, updating and visualization of geospace information and metadata as well as for data control: loading, search, interactive editing, and unloading. We singled out three units of the system for geoinformation support of cartographic-space monitoring: the information unit, the geospace data processing unit, and the unit of access to information resources. 相似文献
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新疆荒漠地区植被覆盖度遥感估算模型十分缺乏，给荒漠化监测等相关工作带来很大不便，开展植被覆盖度遥感估算经验模型研究，对于促进和完善相关地区的生态监测及研究工作具有积极的现实意义。通过对阜康市北部沙漠南缘和克拉玛依市中部平原荒漠进行无人机航拍，利用无人机遥感提取（光合）植被信息，并将无人机航拍影像的植被覆盖度统计单元与高分辨率卫星影像像元在空间上直接相对应，获取在高分辨率卫星影像像元尺度上的植被盖度，然后通过植被覆盖度和空间上与其相对应的源自高分辨率卫星影像的NDVI数据的拟合关系，建立基于源自高分二号影像的NDVI的阜康北部沙漠植被覆盖度遥感估算线性模型以及基于源自ZY1-02C影像的NDVI的克拉玛依平原荒漠植被覆盖度遥感估算二次多项式模型。研究中所采用的无人机遥感与卫星遥感相结合、植被覆盖度统计单元与卫星像元在空间上直接对应的方法，可避免以往相关工作中常以点位测量数据代表卫星像元数据所带来的不确定性。由于所用卫星影像的NDVI数据稳定性相对不足等原因，所建立的遥感估算模型的估算精度尚相对偏低，有待于今后进一步的工作加以改进。 相似文献
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纹理特征作为一种非光谱信息能够增强地物之间的特征差异,这对于高分辨率遥感影像的地物提取有着重要意义。以青土湖为研究区,以Worldview-2影像为数据源,通过引入权重因子定义联合概率函数来确定最佳窗口尺度,利用灰度共生矩阵提取最佳窗口尺度下的纹理特征,将其与原始遥感影像合成,采用最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）进行地物提取,将提取结果与仅利用光谱信息的支持向量机（SVM）提取结果、辅以纹理特征的SVM提取结果对比分析。结果表明：此方法可以更加快速准确地提取青土湖地物,精度高达85.86%,优于仅利用光谱信息的SVM的65.13%,辅以纹理特征的SVM的73.45%,可为地物破碎的干旱区高分辨率遥感影像地物提取提供有益借鉴。 相似文献
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Anthony G.O. Yeh Teng Zhong Yang Yue 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1509-1533
Lane-based road network information, such as lane geometry, destination, lane changing, and turning information, is important in vehicle navigation, driving assistance system, and autonomous driving. Such information, when available, is mainly input manually. However, manual methods for creating and updating data are not only costly but also time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to long delays. This paper proposes a hierarchical polygonization method for automatic generation and updating of lane-level road network data for navigation from a road marking database that is managed by government transport department created by digitizing or extraction from aerial images. The proposed method extends the hierarchy of a road structure from ‘road–carriageway–lane’ to ‘road–carriageway–lane–basic lane’. Basic lane polygons are constructed from longitudinal road markings, and their associated navigational attributes, such as turning information and speed limit, are obtained from transverse road markings by a feature-in-polygon overlay approach. A hierarchical road network model and detailed algorithms are also illustrated in this paper. The proposed method can accelerate the process of generating and updating lane-level navigation information and can be an important component of a road marking information system for road management. 相似文献
10.
Jennifer Elizabeth Miller Stacy A. C. Nelson George R. Hess 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):250-264
Detailed land cover maps provide important information for research and decision-making but are often expensive to develop and can become outdated quickly. Widespread availability of aerial photography provides increased accessibility of high-resolution imagery and the potential to produce high-accuracy land cover classifications. However, these classifications often require expert knowledge and are time consuming. Our goal was to develop an efficient, accurate technique for classifying impervious surface in urbanizing Wake County, North Carolina. Using an iterative training technique, we classified 111 nonmosaicked, very-high-resolution images using the Feature Analyst software developed by Visual Learning Systems. Feature Analyst provides object extraction classifications by analyzing spatial context in relation to spectral data to classify high-resolution imagery. Our image classification results were 95 percent accurate in impervious surface extraction, with an overall total accuracy of 92 percent. Using this method, users with relatively limited geographic information system (GIS) training and modest budgets can produce highly accurate object-extracted classifications of impervious and pervious surface that are easily manipulated in a GIS. 相似文献
11.
Luke David VanLandegen Xuwei Chen 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):787-797
Public transit plays an important role in emergency evacuations, particularly for areas where public transit serves as a major commute mode for commuters. Microsimulation techniques provide great flexibility in assessing different scenarios in emergency situations. Combining GIS-based network analysis with microsimulation techniques, this study developed a framework to simulate emergency evacuations using rail transit. Applying the framework to a hypothetical attack on the Pentagon, this study investigated the performance of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority’s Metrorail for large-scale evacuations. A network-based analysis was performed to estimate the number of riders in association with each metro line and station. Using VISSIM, a multi-mode micro-simulation software package, this study integrated a pedestrian model with a Metrorail transit model to evaluate the performance of the Metrorail in the hypothetical evacuations. The simulation results suggested that if the potential of Metrorail transit is effectively utilized, it could be very useful resource during a large-scale evacuation. This study demonstrated the great potential and flexibility of microsimulation techniques for evaluating complex evacuation scenarios and strategies. The framework and approach used in this study can be applied to analyze other similar situations and help develop effective evacuation plans. 相似文献
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面向对象的高分辨率影像城市建筑物提取 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
依据高分辨率遥感影像的特点,采用面向对象方法提出"自下而上"的多尺度分割方法,即按照由小尺度分割至大尺度分割的顺序,并结合掩膜操作对山东师范大学IKONOS影像进行了建筑物提取试验。结果表明,该方法较传统的"自上而下"的尺度分割方法精度有显著改善,其分类结果形状较为规整,更接近实际地物。 相似文献
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为了精准监测沙丘-草甸相间地区景观尺度典型地类植被覆盖度动态变化,利用无人机获取的多时相高清RGB正射影像,构建了植被覆盖度提取U型神经网络深度学习模型,并对提取的植被覆盖度进一步分析了其在生长期（5—10月）的变化特征及对环境因子的响应。结果表明：（1）构建的植被覆盖度提取模型精确度较高,训练集准确率为0.82,验证集准确率为0.86,可高效、便捷地提取不同地貌、复杂生境的植被覆盖度;（2）在植被生长期内,半流动沙丘、农田和草甸组合、半固定沙丘、固定沙丘的植被覆盖度随时间呈单峰趋势变化,8月达到峰值,依次为37.51%、76.21%、61.66%、80.57%;（3）降水量、气温与植被覆盖度极显著相关（相关系数分别为0.575、0.602,P<0.01）,降水量是影响沙丘-草甸相间地区植被覆盖度变化的主控因子,气温也是限制其生长、分布的重要环境因子。（4）降水量对植被覆盖度的响应程度从高到低依次为半流动沙丘>半固定沙丘>固定沙丘>农田和草甸组合。利用无人机高清影像精准监测植被覆盖度变化可为大尺度荒漠区植被信息提取提供数据支撑,为荒漠化生态系统的科学环境建设与管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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无人机遥感在红树林资源调查中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
低空无人机（UAV,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles）遥感系统具有数据采集灵活、低成本且可快速获取超高分辨率影像的特色,是传统航空遥感和卫星遥感的重要补充。以广东省和广西壮族自治区交界处的英罗港港湾两侧为研究区域,将无人机遥感系统用于红树林资源的遥感调查,通过无人机航拍获取高分辨率影像,并且使用拼接的影像和目视解译方法提取红树林空间分布信息,进一步选择典型研究样地,采用面向对象的最近邻分类方法对红树林树种类型进行分类研究,并对比综述了无人机遥感和常规航空航天遥感技术对红树林资源调查监测的优缺点,无人机遥感系统非常适用于红树林资源调查。通过2 h 30 min的3架次无人机航飞工作,获取了研究区域25.29 km2的无人机影像,基于无人机影像和面向对象遥感分类方法提取的红树林空间分布信息精度超过了90%。未来无人机遥感系统将可成为调查和监测红树林资源的重要技术手段,可为相关管理部门对红树林资源的保护、管理、开发等方面的工作提供基础信息和技术支持。 相似文献
16.
夜间灯光遥感数据应用综述和展望 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
在遥感应用研究中,夜间灯光遥感作为发展活跃的一个重要分支,近年来受到越来越多来自自然科学领域和社会经济领域的关注。与传统的光学遥感卫星获取地物辐射信息不同,夜间灯光遥感是获取夜间无云条件下地表发射的可见光-近红外电磁波信息。相比于普通的遥感卫星影像,夜间灯光遥感所使用的夜间灯光影像记录的地表灯光强度信息更直接反映人类活动差异,因而被广泛应用于城市化进程研究、不透水面提取、社会经济指标空间化估算、重大事件评估、生态环境评估等领域。目前,虽然基于夜间灯光数据的应用研究成果正在不断积累,但对成果的系统性总结、整理的研究目前存在着覆盖面不全、时效性不强等不足。基于此,论文通过对近几十年来有关夜间灯光数据的研究成果的详细梳理,从数据处理与技术方法、应用研究等方面进行归纳总结。最后,文章从多源数据融合、应用领域拓展和短周期地表灯光监测3个方面指出了未来的研究热点。 相似文献
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基于影象融合的干旱区城镇居民地信息提取研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
针对TM多波段图象中城镇居民地与裸地光谱特征相似难以准确提取城镇居民地信息的问题,利用雷达图象对居民地信息的敏感性,采用HIS变换方法,融合了2003年西安地区的Landsat TM和Radarsat SAR影象,并对融合影象做二类监督分类提取出城镇居民地信息,结果显示与TM图象监督分类相比,融合后的图象能很好地消除裸地对城镇居民地提取影响,其精度可达到84.21%,大大高于由TM多光谱影象监督分类所得到的精度71.79%,为提取干旱区城镇居民地信息提供一种新方法。 相似文献
19.
Kevin Tansey Ian Chambers Andrew Anstee Anthony Denniss Alistair Lamb 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2009,29(2):145-157
The recent advancement in technology for the airborne collection and subsequent processing and analysis of digital remotely sensed data has been significant. An investigation into the contributions that recent developments have made to the assessment and extraction of hedgerow and field margins is presented. Research into the active legislation by which hedgerows and agricultural biodiversity in England are bound is brought together in the concept of an ideal classification. Using Leica Geosystems ADS40 data, collected for Berkshire (UK), the degree to which the ideal classification can be reached is investigated, focusing on the extraction of hedgerows and unploughed field margin protective boundary strips as image objects. Elevation data were derived from the ADS40 imagery data to accompany true-colour and colour-infrared spectral information. By buffering the detected hedgerow objects in a GIS, we facilitated an investigation of the presence of measures that satisfy the minimum hedgerow protection requirements stipulated by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). In our study area, it was estimated that 68% of areas that need to be classified as ‘grassy hedgerow boundary strip’ to satisfy the minimum requirements of the legislation were established with low-lying grassy cover before the introduction of the legislation in July 2005. The implications of this research for the development of automated classification methods for field scale agricultural mapping are discussed. 相似文献
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面向对象方法在SPOT5遥感图像分类中的应用--以北京市海淀区为例 总被引：32，自引：2，他引：30
SPOT5图像的空间分辨率高,局部异质性较大,采用基于像元的传统方法分类精度低,难以满足实际应用的需要。以北京市海淀区SPOT5图像为例,应用面向对象方法对其进行分类试验,并将该方法与传统基于像元方法的分类结果进行对比分析。结果表明:利用面向对象方法对SPOT5遥感图像进行分类,不仅使分类结果具有丰富的语义信息,有效抑制“椒盐现象”的发生,还可以显著提高分类精度。 相似文献