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1.
Community surveys have been widely used to investigate local residents’ perceptions and behaviors related to natural resource issues. However, most existing community survey research relies on cross-sectional data and is thus unable to capture the temporal dynamics of community processes. Longitudinal analysis has received increasing interest in recent natural resource social science literature. Trend and panel studies are two typical approaches in longitudinal community survey research. Due to limited sampling frames, research design, and respondent attrition, longitudinal community surveys often involve both paired and independent observations across different survey waves. Using previous survey data on community responses to forest insect disturbance in Alaska as an example, this research note shows that the corrected z-test is a more appropriate approach to analyze partially correlated longitudinal data than conventional statistical techniques such as the paired and independent t-tests. 相似文献
2.
Using longitudinal survey data, this paper explores stability and change in values, beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge among rural landholders. Existing theories predict varying degrees of stability in these constructs. This paper tests these assumptions through data collected by four cross-sectional surveys of rural landowners (>10?ha), completed in one region between 2002 and 2016. The study area includes a mix of social landscapes but agriculture is the dominant land use. Results reveal significant change in measured constructs over time. Nearly all of the items assessing values changed significantly across the study period (seven of eight held values, ten of eleven assigned values). Most belief items (three of five), half of the attitude items (two of four), and all eleven knowledge items also experienced change. While statistically significant, most of the identified changes were relatively modest in scope. Findings suggest the value of longitudinal research to better understand dynamic psychological and social constructs. 相似文献
3.
全球变化视角下人地系统研究面临的几个问题探讨 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
围绕全球变化问题，国际科技界从20世纪80年代以来已组织了4个大型国际研究计划，即WCRP、IGBP、IHDP、DIVERSITAS，在此基础上又形成了众多核心研究计划或支撑研究计划。随着这些研究计划的酝酿、实施和推进，其明显发展趋势是越来越强调人类社会对全球环境变化的影响、响应与适应问题研究。全球变化研究不仅为以“人地关系地域系统”为核心的地理学提出了新的科学命题，同时也为地理学与其它科学领域的融合、交叉提供了广泛途径。在分析全球变化国际研究计划进展基础上，指出入地关系地域系统研究面临5个关键问题。 相似文献
4.
近15年来国外居民健康的邻里影响研究进展——基于CiteSpace软件的可视化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了全面地分析国外居民健康的邻里影响研究新进展,基于CiteSpace可视化工具,分析Web of Science数据库中2002―2016年以来613篇主题为“居民健康的邻里影响”的文献,以揭示影响居民健康的重要环境因素,为中国健康城市规划提供依据。研究发现：1）近15年来国外居民健康的邻里影响研究关注度持续上升,研究主题集中,主要关注建成环境和社会环境2个方面;2）建成环境和社会环境一方面通过塑造居民交通出行方式、体育锻炼习惯、饮食习惯、生活态度以及心理状态等路径作用于居民健康,另一方面通过压力的累积、资源获取的受限等对健康产生影响;3）目前研究方法主要通过横向研究构建健康行为、相关疾病与环境要素之间的多元量化模型来实现,纵向研究较少。最后对中国居民健康的邻里影响研究提出3点建议。 相似文献
5.
转型期广州市居住迁移影响因素于户籍之间的比较 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
住房制度改革以来,中国城市居住迁移率大规模增加,成为城市重构和社会空间分异的基础动力。利用生命历程理论,通过家庭问卷调查,本文使用事件史模型动态地模拟了居住迁移,并比较外来人口与本地人口居住迁移影响因素的差异。整体来看,1980年以来年均居住迁移率呈上升趋势,外来人口的年均居住迁移率要比本地人口高。住房性质、婚姻变化、工作变动、居住区位和年份等变量都显著影响居住迁移,反映了住房制度改革、住房市场和分配环境、家庭生命周期等因素对居住迁移的影响;但影响程度户籍间的差异明显,工作地区位的变动导致通勤成本的变化是外来人口居住迁移的最显著影响因子,而家庭生命周期和住房特征变量是本地人口居住迁移的最显著影响变量,反映了两者之间的本质差别。居住区位对本地人口的居住迁移影响显著,内圈层居民的迁移率相对较低,而居住区位变量对外来人口的影响相对较弱。 相似文献
6.
地球系统科学与地球信息科学 总被引：56，自引：7，他引：49
地球系统科学不是脱离社会而存在的一门科学,不是纯自然的科学。研究地球系统科学应该始终如一贯穿"顶天立地"的统一性原则:"顶天"即研究全球变化,"立地"则面向区域持续发展。区域模型和宏观调控信息系统依次作为两个中间层次,有机地将全球变化研究和区域持续发展联系起来,构成地球系统科学体系;时代进步和社会发展要求:地球系统科学研究要运用空间信息技术工具和手段,以服务区域持续发展为最终目标.区域持续发展要依靠宏观调控,宏观调控则依靠信息。地理信息系统作为空间信息技术组成部分,直接参与实现区域持续发展,成为地球系统科学的一个重要支柱。 相似文献
7.
《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2012,112(2):126-134
The paper reassesses the role of climate as a factor shaping changes in settlement and landscape in the Swedish Iron Age (500 BC–AD 1050). Two reasons motivate this re-evaluation. First, high-resolution data based on climate proxies from the natural sciences are now increasingly available. Second, the climate-related social sciences have yielded conceptual and theoretical developments regarding vulnerability and adaptability in the present and recent past, creating new ways to analyse the effects of climatic vs. societal factors on societies in the more distant past. Recent research in this field is evaluated and the explicitly climate deterministic standpoint of many recent natural science texts is criticized. Learning from recent approaches to climate change in the social sciences is crucial for understanding society–climate relationships in the past. The paper concludes that we are not yet in a position to fully evaluate the role of the new evidence of abrupt climate change in 850 BC, at the beginning of the Iron Age. Regarding the crisis in the mid-first millennium AD, however, new climate data indicate that a dust veil in AD 536–537 might have aggravated the economic and societal crisis known from previous research. 相似文献
8.
社区恢复力研究进展及其地理学研究议题 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
随着人口、资源与环境的矛盾日益加深,灾害已成为可持续发展的重要障碍。在这一背景下,恢复力成为推动社会经济系统可持续发展的新理念和新范式。恢复力研究的范式也由早期的生态恢复力逐渐转向社区恢复力的研究。现有的社区恢复力研究成果主要集中在概念内涵探索、影响因素识别、基于客观指标和基于行动者感知的社区恢复力测度等方面。迄今尚未形成公认的可接受的社区恢复力理论框架;对普通乡村社区研究较多,对特定资源依赖型社区恢复力研究较少;对突发性自然灾害对社区恢复力的影响研究较多,对其他灾害和危机对社区恢复力的影响研究较少;社区恢复力测度方法的适用性和科学性仍待加强;社区恢复力关键影响因素的作用机制仍需进一步探索。在此基础上,提出从地理学视角研究社区恢复力的主要议题,包括社区恢复力的形成机制及其区域差异、动态演变过程、影响因素的作用机理、基于人地关系的社区恢复力感知量表以及具有尺度效应的社区恢复力测度指数等。 相似文献
9.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):235-246
Learning about climate change is tangible when it addresses impacts that can be observed close to home. In this program, sixty-four diverse middle and high school students produced videos about locally relevant climate change topics. Graduate and undergraduate students provided mentorship. The program engaged students in research and learning about climate change, and sparked their interest in science careers. Evaluation results showed that students were highly motivated by the experience, developed a genuine interest in their science topic, learned about the scientific process, and developed twenty-first century skills. The program provided a unique and authentic approach to science learning and communication. 相似文献
10.
There is mounting interest among scientists regarding the use of scientometric social network analysis, or quantitative analysis of the evolution of science as defined by individual researchers and the networks they form. Given that geographers have seldom used this approach compared to researchers in other fields, its implications for research and policy need to be assessed. We applied scientometric social network analysis to geographic information science (GIScience) to understand how the field has evolved over the last sixteen years and to assess the applicability of the standard logistic model of the growth of scientific disciplines. In particular, we examined collaboration in the field at multiple scales, namely, the evolution of the entire research network structure, the nature of subnetworks in defining geographic information science, and the roles individuals play within the community. By delineating how collaborations and research networks have evolved in GIScience, the study addresses the potential of scientometric social network analysis for geography. 相似文献
11.
Multivariate classifications have been used extensively to make inductive generalizations about place or objects under study. If classifications are dynamic, changing as the variables that define them change, then these generalizations and the policies and strategies based on these generalizations may not hold over time. This paper presents a replicable method for monitoring temporal changes in a classification at the structural and group levels. The method is then illustrated in an empirical example using longitudinal data that relate to the economies of a selected set of geographic areas. 相似文献
12.
新时期地理学的特征与任务 总被引：32，自引：4，他引：28
地理学是“探索自然规律,昭示人文精华”的一门学科,具有综合性、交叉性特点。20世纪80年代以来,地理学在全球环境变化研究计划中扮演了重要角色,地理学的理论、方法和技术已经成为解决人类社会面临的可持续发展问题的基础。起源于全球环境变化研究,并结合了社会科学研究的“未来地球”研究计划,代表了新时期地理学发展的方向。当代地理学研究方法已经从勘察、观测、记录、制图等传统的研究方法向空间统计、对地观测、GIS、室内外模拟、建模、决策系统等现代科学方法转变,逐渐走向综合性、定量化;随着地理学面临的问题更加复杂、更加综合,地理学研究议题变得更为综合和多元,吸引了更为广泛的学科参与,地理学视角在越来越多的领域得到重视,概念和工具所属的学科边界正变得模糊。新时期的地理学正在走向地理科学。中国是研究人类社会的可持续发展问题的一个理想的地理科学试验场所,中国地理科学未来的发展需要以综合的角度加深对人地复杂系统全面而综合的理解,需要加强全球性问题的研究,全面提升中国地理科学国际化水平,普遍提高先进技术解析地理现象的能力,系统实现地理科学的社会服务价值,促进中国从地理学大国走向地理学强国。 相似文献
13.
社会脆弱性概念、分析框架与评价方法 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
社会脆弱性作为脆弱性的维度之一,是脆弱性与可持续性科学研究领域的新兴热点问题.在分析对国内外社会脆弱性研究文献的基础上,从概念内涵、分析框架与评价方法3 方面对社会脆弱性研究进行了评述.目前学者们对社会脆弱性概念有不同的理解,尚未形成统一的概念体系与内涵特征;系统性的社会脆弱性分析框架尚未形成,现有成果多是在脆弱性框架基础上的延伸和拓展,主要从政治经济学视角、社会—生态视角和综合视角开展研究;多元化的评价方法在社会脆弱性的应用研究中仍较少见,已有研究的评价指标体系尚不完善.未来,应进一步拓展社会脆弱性研究内容,促进多学科交叉融合;逐步统一社会脆弱性概念和分析框架,深化社会脆弱性的理论研究;加强社会脆弱性评价方法与指标体系的完善,促进多元化评价方法的应用;加强社会脆弱性减缓与调控对策研究,整合社会脆弱性与适应性框架,为提高社会适应能力与可持续发展提供科学依据. 相似文献
14.
犯罪数量与危害的空间分布及建成环境影响——基于北京市刑事案件的纵向研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
既有犯罪地理研究存在“重犯罪数量、轻犯罪危害”“多横向分析、少纵向分析”“求本地影响、弃空间依赖”等局限。为此,论文利用2012—2017年北京刑事案件、兴趣点、道路网等3期面板数据,以个案刑罚结果衡量其社会危害性,探究犯罪发生数量与危害程度的空间结构,厘清建成环境对两者的影响异同。研究表明：① 犯罪数量与危害均呈集中集聚格局,但犯罪危害的集中程度高于数量、集聚程度低于数量、稳定程度相对偏弱。② 如防卫空间理论所言,高强度土地利用、多样化城市功能、通达的次干道支路网、邻近诱发地都对犯罪数量和危害发挥正向作用,后者所受影响更大。③ 建成环境的上述影响大多存在空间依赖,3D维度和商业场所具有集聚溢出效应,管制较严的教育科研机构、公园广场、旅馆、公交站、停车场、居民区表现出内低外高式的空间竞争效应。 相似文献
15.
Ling Yin 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):742-761
Exploring the evolution of people’s social interactions along with their changing physical locations can help to achieve a better understanding of the processes that generate the relationships between physical distance and social interactions, which can benefit broad fields of study related to social networks. However, few studies have examined the evolving relationships between physical movements and social closeness evolution. This is partially related to the shortage of longitudinal data in both physical locations and social interactions and the lack of an exploratory analysis environment capable of effectively investigating such a process over space and time. With the increasing availability of sociospatiotemporal data in recent years, it is now feasible to examine the relationships between physical separation and social interactions at the individual level in a space–time context. This research was intended to offer a spatiotemporal exploratory analysis approach to address this challenge. The first step was to propose the concept of a social closeness space–time path, which is an extension of the space–time path concept in time geography, to represent evolving human relationships in a social closeness space. A space–time geographical information system (GIS) prototype was then designed to support the representation and analysis of space–time paths in both physical and social closeness spaces. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed concept and design in gaining insight into the impact of physical migration on online social closeness was demonstrated through an empirical study. The contributions of this study include an extension of the time–geographic framework from physical space to social closeness space, the development of a multirepresentation approach in a GIS to integrate an individual’s space–time paths in both physical and social closeness spaces, and an exploratory analysis of the evolving relationships between physical separation and social closeness over time. 相似文献
16.
Anita Latai-Niusulu Tony Binns Etienne Nel 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2020,41(1):40-60
Being resilient in the face of climate change seems especially important for island societies, which face the effects of rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, changing wind patterns and sea level rise. To date, most studies of adaptation and resilience among Pacific island communities have used indicators and methods rooted in Western science and neo-classical economics. These have been criticized as being locally irrelevant and inadequate to appreciate the dynamic nature and social structures of island communities and their capacity to adapt. This paper challenges the paradigm that defines resilience as a return to equilibrium, by using a non-equilibrium, cultural ecological lens. The non-equilibrium view of resilience sees the social systems of island nations as highly dynamic and undergoing persistent adaptation in the face of changing environmental factors. Field-based research undertaken in eight villages in Samoa found that, through constant exposure to environmental change over extended periods of time, communities have become resilient and are in a position to adapt to future changes. In developing future policy in relation to climate change, Pacific island governments need to develop a more nuanced understanding of islanders’ perceptions and historical actions in the context of both their physical locations and their dynamic socio-cultural systems. 相似文献
17.
Being able to analyse the relationships between people and nature has always been of key interest to ecosystems conservation, planning decisions and in a number of disciplines of natural and social sciences. In this framework, it is of paramount importance to evaluate possible correlations between factors such as ecosystem services, human health, and social deprivation. The present study aims at exploring relationships between ecosystem services, human health, and social deprivation for the region of Wales in the United Kingdom. Wales is of special interest because as a region it offers many ‘green’ ecosystems which have already been found to have a positive influence on humans' well-being as well as on socio-economic status. First, a recreational layer showing the size and location of all potential recreational areas in each Welsh local authority was created. Subsequently, correlation/regression analysis and weighted raster analysis were performed which allowed determining quantitatively the degree of correlation between the observed socio-economic factors and recreational areas.The findings of this exploratory study suggested that the relative size of potential recreational area varies widely within the local authorities comprising Wales. Not all the socio-economic factors which were examined herein found to be correlated with recreational areas. Some variables, such as income and employment deprivation showed high correlations with poor recreation options. Very poor correlation was also reported between recreation options and variables such as life expectancy and long-term illness. Our results, in agreement to previous studies conducted elsewhere, suggested that human health is determined by a complex interplay of more than one of the observed determinants, including for example biology and genetics or living and working conditions. As to our knowledge there are no prior research studies on the topic for our study region, this work provides a key contribution concerning the determination of a “social” value of ecosystems in the context of human health and other socio-economic factors. However, as these are only initial results, further work is required to verify those. 相似文献
18.
本文根据现实需求和所面临的国际环境,以系统论、信息论、控制论为基本立足点,探讨了中国南极信息系统(CAIS)总体框架的构想以及如何建立CAIS的若干问题。文中阐述了建设CAIS与南极信息资源管理(AIRM)之间相辅相承的关系;描述了CAIS的概念结构和基本结构的框架模型;研究了总体框架及系统的基本特征;分析了基本结构的层次性和相关性。针对易造成信息系统脆弱性的各种问题,讨论了需采用的技术、研究方法、开发策略、应遵循的基本规律,指出CAIS的第一个实践目标是开发与编写基于ADIF(南极目录交换用格式)的南极数据目录和南极主题词表。 相似文献
19.
沿海地区海洋经济与社会变迁关联度评价——以辽宁省为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
改革开放以来,中国沿海地区经济发展与社会变迁极其迅速,海洋经济发展同样迅速,海洋经济与沿海地区社会变迁之间的关联日益紧密。海洋经济介入沿海地区的社会生活领域,导致社会结构的重组、生活质量的改善和科学技术的建构。从动态系统的视角看,海洋经济系统与社会系统的互动耦合维持着两个系统的稳定性,最终形成一个复杂的相互制衡机制。本文通过对海洋经济与不同社会变迁因素的复杂关联和互动机制的研究,运用数量计算与定性分析相结合的方法,描述和分析了辽宁省2000-2010年间的海洋经济与社会变迁关联情况,并对其的关联度进行科学度量。结果表明：在所选取的社会变迁因素之中,海洋科学技术对海洋经济贡献较大,是海洋经济与社会变迁的关键因素;社会结构和生活质量对海洋经济贡献较小。 相似文献
20.
科学地理学的理论基础及其研究内容与学科性质 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在科学与技术是不同的知识形态,科学史研究的地理思潮转向,地理学向“软”的一面转向并关注社会,科学史研究的地理思潮倾向于关注“社会→地理→科学”关系的历史解释,地理学家在科学史的地理解释思想上的贡献等理论基础上,拙文主要阐述科学地理学这一新学科在建构“科学—地理—社会”关系体系上的独特性:①建构关注过去的、现在的及未来的“社会→地理→科学”关系;②践行“以任务带动学科”和“任务学科并重”的地理学发展方略,主要建构“科学→地理→社会”关系;③聚焦于科学活动因素的区域性,注重区域相关性分析方法论。基于这种独特性和地理学方法论精髓,科学地理学研究的内容体系包括:①科学研究及其组织与传播的时空结构;②科学研究及其组织与传播的时空结构与地理环境、经济、技术、社会、文化等结构要素的时空结构及其相互关系;③科学研究及其组织与传播对自然景观、社会景观、文化景观等的影响;④科学研究及其组织与传播对“人地关系地域系统”演进的影响。科学地理学的理论基础、建构“科学—地理—社会”关系的独特性和研究内容决定了科学地理学的交叉性、综合性和区域性,这与地理学特征是一致的,促进着现代地理学微观上的“深”化发展和宏观上的“综合”发展。 相似文献