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1.
京津冀地区耕地利用转型时空分异及驱动机制   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
耕地利用转型代表耕地利用形态的趋势性变化。论文以京津冀地区157个县域空间为基本研究单元,从显性形态与隐性形态双重属性出发构建耕地利用形态指标体系,运用冷热点、空间变差函数等方法分析1990—2015年耕地利用形态变化的时空特征,在此基础上,利用空间误差模型(spatial error model, SEM)对耕地利用转型的驱动机制进行了定量分析。结果表明:① 京津冀地区耕地利用形态指数空间分布呈东南高、西北低的格局,与该地区地形分布格局基本一致,且因坝上高原特色农业发展形成独立高值区。② 京津冀地区耕地利用形态指数空间分异呈现逐渐缩小的趋势,显著热点区与显著冷点区分布相对稳定且面积不断缩小,耕地利用转型较为平稳。显性形态值普遍呈现先升高后降低趋势,隐性形态值则呈升高趋势,表明京津冀耕地出现空间收缩、功能优化式转型。③ 高程是影响京津冀地区耕地利用形态空间特征的主要自然环境因素,二三产业占比、地均固定资产投资与城镇化率等经济发展和城镇建设因素则是驱动1990—2015年京津冀地区耕地转型的主导因素,但不同时段、不同县域单元耕地转型动力机制存在差异,各驱动因子作用强度也不完全一致。  相似文献   

2.
区域土地利用转型诊断与调控的分析路径   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李灿 《地理研究》2021,40(5):1464-1477
土地利用转型正表现为城乡地域系统演变的重要特征,土地利用转型分析的意义在于发现土地利用形态转变指示的土地利用问题。本文尝试解析了区域人地耦合关系下的土地利用形态转型逻辑,系统阐释了区域土地利用转型的诊断分析路径,重点探讨了乡村土地利用转型问题诊断与调控途径。研究指出:① 区域土地利用转型侧重考察土地变化趋势性转折对应的土地利用方式的转变要求,阐释转型分析所指示的土地利用问题及其表现特征,以此找寻转型调控的应对策略。② 应依据尺度和梯度分异方式揭示区域土地利用转型特征,理解不同尺度上转型调控的融合过程,研判区域土地利用转型调控措施。③ 土地服务供给变化是引发乡村土地利用显性形态和隐性形态转型发生错位的关键原因,土地利用显性形态与隐性形态之间的互适关系,则反映了土地利用形态空间关系构成的问题特征。④ 基于乡村地域尺度和梯度分异原则、基于城乡融合发展背景、重构农村土地权利体系和开展国土空间规划是探索乡村土地利用转型调控的四个重要分析路径。⑤ 不同尺度区域土地利用转型认知与转型调控对策的融合仍需要进一步拓展,而激活乡村土地资源要素是调控乡村土地利用转型的关键途径。  相似文献   

3.
The urban transition almost always involves wrenching social adjustment as small agricultural communities are forced to adjust rapidly to industrial ways of life. Large-scale in-migration of young people, usually from poor regions, creates enormous demand and expectations for community and social services. One immediate problem planners face in approaching this challenge is how to define, differentiate, and map what is rural, urban, and transitional (i.e., peri-urban). This project established an urban classification for Vietnam by using national census and remote sensing data to identify and map the smallest administrative units for which data are collected as rural, peri-urban, urban, or urban core. We used both natural and human factors in the quantitative model: income from agriculture, land under agriculture and forests, houses with modern sanitation, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Model results suggest that in 2006, 71% of Vietnam's 10,891 communes were rural, 18% peri-urban, 3% urban, and 4% urban core. Of the communes our model classified as peri-urban, 61% were classified by the Vietnamese government as rural. More than 7% of Vietnam's land area can be classified as peri-urban and approximately 13% of its population (more than 11 million people) lives in peri-urban areas. We identified and mapped three types of peri-urban places: communes in the periphery of large towns and cities; communes along highways; and communes associated with provincial administration or home to industrial, energy, or natural resources projects (e.g., mining). We validated this classification based on ground observations, analyses of multi-temporal night-time lights data, and an examination of road networks. The model provides a method for rapidly assessing the rural–urban nature of places to assist planners in identifying rural areas undergoing rapid change with accompanying needs for investments in building, sanitation, road infrastructure, and government institutions.  相似文献   

4.
Adaptation is a key concept in long‐term human adjustments to climate change. Despite the centrality of human decisions and actions in adaptation, much of the climate change literature is thin on humanities and social science which are the primary approaches for understanding human activity. This situation is particularly pronounced in Louisiana's discussions about its disappearing coast line where research has concentrated in understanding biophysical processes and solutions prioritize short‐term adaptations. This paper reviews the relationship of adaptation and long‐term transitions in the global change discussion and traces how disjointed adaptations in coastal Louisiana have contributed to a perilous environmental situation there. It proposes a shift from discrete adaptations to efforts that incorporate interrelated biophysical and human adaptations that can sustain long‐term transitions.  相似文献   

5.
吉林省资源型城市转型阶段识别及其特征成因分析   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
分析、界定资源型城市不同转型阶段内涵及特征,构建吉林省资源型城市转型阶段识别体系。引入具有隶属函数性质的分段函数模型,识别转型阶段、分析转型特征及成因。结果表明,吉林省资源型城市经济与社会发展、基础设施建设、环境污染治理等方面转型效果均有所提升,总体进入基本转型阶段,经济转型特征最为明显,城市基础设施建设较落后。不同类型资源型城市转型效果差异显著,其中石油类城市转型较好,森工类、煤炭类城市转型较差,资源枯竭型城市较其他城市转型难度大;同时城市的资源依赖特征仍然突出。评价结果符合吉林省资源型城市实际情况。最后从中央政策、产业基础与空间区位、资源禀赋、地方财政等方面分析吉林省资源型城市转型特征成因,并提出了吉林省资源型城市未来的可持续发展模式与路径。  相似文献   

6.
论土地利用转型潜力及其评价的理论框架   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
胡守庚  童陆亿  龙花楼 《地理研究》2019,38(6):1367-1377
积极推进土地利用转型潜力及其评价研究,是丰富和完善土地利用转型理论的重要途径。通过拓展土地利用潜力概念,对土地利用转型潜力定义、内涵、形成机制与评价的理论框架进行了探讨。研究认为,① 作为土地利用及LUCC的结果,土地利用转型具有土地利用形态“变化”和“可调控”的重要特征,这是土地利用转型潜力形成与释放的前提;② 土地利用转型潜力是指为适应区域发展综合需求,通过采用相应技术、政策等手段,在特定转型阶段所能实现最优土地利用形态与土地利用形态现状的差异;③ 土地利用转型潜力以基于“强效”“快速”政策调整及工程技术措施的土地利用形态调整和基于“自发土地利用”的土地利用转型引导为形成机制;④ 应以系统论和动态视角为基础,通过分析土地利用转型过程与机理,构建基于土地利用转型情景模拟的土地利用转型潜力评价理论框架。研究取得的成果和结论具备进一步激发土地利用转型理论研究及其在土地管理决策等方面积极作用的价值。  相似文献   

7.
Sediments and soils often contain superparamagnetic (SP) magnetite or maghemite grains that cause a frequency dependence of low-field susceptibility X fd which does not exceed 15 per cent/decade of frequency. Present models predict very different volume distributions for samples with the largest observed frequency dependence of susceptibility. While Stephensons' (1971) power-law model predicts most grains to be smaller than the stable single domain (SSD) threshold, the phenomenological model of >Dearing et al . (1996) suggests that most grains are between 10 and 25 nm in diameter. Finally, the recent calculations of Eyre (1997) indicate very broad volume distributions. This study reviews the nature of the superparamagnetic–stable single domain (SP–SSD) transition. The change of AC susceptibilities with grain size (or temperature) at the SP–SSD boundary is more gradual than commonly assumed. When distributions of particle coercivities and volumes are also considered, X fd values are much smaller than those calculated by Eyre (1997). Nonetheless, X fd can be larger than 15 per cent, and a larger frequency dependence has indeed been measured for some samples. The question whether the observed limited X fd of soils and sediments is a result of a broad distribution or of a bimodal distribution, where SP and SSD grains are restricted to a certain relative abundance, can potentially be answered by susceptibility determinations at more than two frequencies and by measurements of the temperature dependence of susceptibility.  相似文献   

8.
9.
Aquaculture is the global food system's fastest growing sector. The postproductive transition—the shift away from commodity production toward more consumption‐oriented land uses—is common in many coastal areas as well. This paper examines the intersection of these trends in a U.S. state, Maine, with expanding aquaculture and extensive coastal, rural economic and demographic change. It examines interactions between coastal landowners and aquaculture farmers at aquaculture lease hearings in the state's three main aquaculture regions. Landowners are often uncertain about aquaculture because it is new and unfamiliar. Farmers use lease hearings to educate coastal landowners about farm operations, and farmers respond to concerns by altering their operations to fit landowners’ priorities. However, comparative analysis of the three regions reveals divergent histories and geographies leading to different levels of conflict. This study shows the value of applying rural postproductive transition theory to coastal regions and aquaculture development.  相似文献   

10.
11.
东北地区工业基地演化路径研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
陈琳琳  金凤君  洪辉 《地理科学》2016,36(9):1378-1387
东北地区的工业基地在中国现代化进程中做出过突出贡献,但由于种种原因其工业明显衰退并逐步成为问题区域,产业转型是破解发展困境的关键。论文构建了工业基地识别指标体系,从全国尺度对1985、2001和2010年东北地区工业基地进行识别和筛选,分析其演化特征,探讨不同类型工业基地的产业演化路径。研究结论:整体工业地位显著下降,多数基地产业结构单一,以传统产业为主的产业结构未发生实质性改变,装备制造业发展尤其缓慢;资源型工业基地一直维持单一产业主导的发展方式,产业转型应当在资源开发的同时向资源深加工方向转变,从而发展成为新型原材料基地,或延伸产业链,建设能源、基础原材料和装备制造的综合工业体;成熟型工业基地的产业组合方式由多种行业组合向双行业主导的轨迹演变,未来发展应继续依托产业园区,推动先进制造业发展;衰退型工业基地产业组合由多种产业组合发展向单一产业主导的方向演变,未来应依托所在区域的一体化分工,逐步推进自身的工业发展。  相似文献   

12.
华北农牧交错带夏季极端气候的趋势分析   总被引:63,自引:0,他引:63  
龚道溢  韩晖 《地理学报》2004,59(2):230-238
利用1956~2001年日降水量及日平均气温资料,分析华北农牧交错带极端气候事件的长期变化趋势。对降水极端事件的分析季节为5~9月,温度为6~8月。结果发现暴雨 (日降水 ≥50 mm) 频数没有显著的线性变化趋势,但1980年前后发生了明显的年代际尺度变化,1980年代到1990年代初,频次显著减少,此期间暴雨发生的时间更加分散。定义连续无雨的天数为干燥事件。发现虽然降水量没有显著的变化,但是严重干燥事件 (连续0降水日 ≥10天) 的频数却呈显著增加趋势 (+8.3%/10a), 超过99%信度水平。最高和最低的10%温度分别定义异常高温和异常低温,则异常高温的频数有显著增加趋势 (+20.9%/10a),特别是1990年代后期以来增加非常突出。异常低温频次有减少的趋势 (-15.1%/10a),超过99%信度水平。严重干燥事件及异常高温事件的强烈增加,可能是造成近来北方干旱频繁发生的重要原因。  相似文献   

13.
经济转型与中国省区产业结构趋同研究   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:11  
贺灿飞  刘作丽  王亮 《地理学报》2008,63(8):807-819
伴随经济转型的市场化、全球化和分权化过程是中国产业结构重组的重要力量。基于2004 年第一次经济普查资料, 深入探讨了中国制造业结构在不同产业层次的趋同问题。总体而言, 多数省区与全国产业结构保持着较高的相似性, 随着产业细分, 产业结构相似系数呈明显下降趋势。东部沿海省区和全国相似程度最高, 西部落后省份和全国相似性最低。资源密集型产业使省区结构与全国差异显著, 全球化程度较高、附加值较高、产业联系较强的产业使区域产业结构趋同。统计结果显示, 市场化进程有利于比较优势和区位优势的发挥, 显著地促进了比较优势相似的省区产业结构趋同, 而资源条件不同的省区结构差异化发展; 参与经济全球化强化了比较优势对于产业区位的影响, 相似国际市场需求以及区位和产业偏好相似的外资促使沿海省区产业结构趋同, 也是沿海与内地省区产业结构显著不同的原因。地方分权导致省区市场严重分割, 造成了一些省区产业结构趋同。  相似文献   

14.
农村工业化对经济转型期我国社会经济的发展具有重大影响。文章分析了经济转型期对农村工业化的要求和其推进的有利条件与不利制约 ,提出了农村工业化跨世纪推进的多元化战略及其相应的政策建议。  相似文献   

15.
中国中档酒店业转型时期的竞争态势和对策分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
旅游产业面临全面的转型升级,作为中国星级酒店主力的中档酒店业,也处于转型的阶段。根据中档酒店业发展的现状,对比分析中档酒店与经济型酒店之间的差异,并运用波特"五力模型",分析了中档酒店业面临的替代、潜在、买方、供应商、中档酒店行业内部等5个方面的竞争态势,提出了中国中档酒店业转型时期发展的四大战略,即中档酒店业需要进行市场重新定位,企业改造或转型,营销战略创新以及运用国学营建企业文化,走民族化、集团化发展道路。  相似文献   

16.
渐进制度变迁模式下中国城市转型测度的空间分异   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
以中国286个地级及以上行政单元为研究对象,基于2003~2013年的劳动力、企业等制度指标,采用空间插值等方法,探讨了中国城市制度转型水平及其效应机制。研究表明: 空间上,制度转型结果及其效应总体上在2003~2013年都表现为从东部沿海向内陆地区的梯度衰减模式。时间上,制度转型及其引发的效应整体上表现为逐步强化,其中,制度转型效应表现为由2003年的“零星分布”向2008年“线状蔓延”进而向2013年“面状拓展”的空间演化特征。 以城市群为核心的相关区域,其制度转型结果与效应大致呈现为圈层结构模式。中西部地区(除成渝城市群外)的制度转型结果及其效应高值中心大都为单个城市。制度转型对城市转型效应影响显著,且随着时间的推移明显增强。  相似文献   

17.
设施农用地是农副产品重要的空间载体。在土地利用转型视角下,区域耕地、非农建设用地规模对设施农用地规模的作用机制及其空间效应尚不明确。论文基于第二、三次全国土地利用调查数据(简称为“二调”和“三调”),运用空间自相关分析、土地利用转移矩阵等方法,系统分析泰安市设施农用地的空间演变特征及其关键影响因素。研究发现:(1)二调至三调期间,泰安市设施农用地规模总量相对稳定,但净变化剧烈,耕地、非农建设用地分别是设施农用地主要的转入来源、退出去向;(2)泰安市设施农用地呈现出从县城中心向外围推移的规律性,远城区集聚趋势不断加强;(3)二调时期,耕地规模促进设施农用地扩张,而三调时期,耕地规模抑制设施农用地增长,并且在远离县城的乡镇表现更为显著;(4)二调、三调时期非农建设用地均稳定促进设施农用地扩张,这一作用在空间上普遍存在。研究结论可为耕地“非粮化”“非农化”治理以及设施农用地的空间布局调整提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

18.
During the past 50 years forests have recolonized extensive areas of Puerto Rico. Between 1950 and 1990 forest cover increased from 9% to 37% of the island's land area. In proportional terms more land has reverted to forest in Puerto Rico than anywhere else on earth during the second half of the twentieth century. This paper explores the geography of this process by matching changes in land cover with the characteristics of the land and communities in Puerto Rico. The reversion of agricultural lands to forest occurred most frequently in humid, upland, coffee-growing regions characterized by heavy out-migration and populations of smallholders who earned some of their income from off-farm sources. These findings suggest that changes in non-farm labor markets, as well as changes in the political economy of agriculture, have important impacts on the prospects for converting agricultural lands into forests.  相似文献   

19.
珠江三角洲城镇化转型研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
周春山  代丹丹 《热带地理》2015,35(3):343-353
首先采用灰色关联分析法,选取近30年的人口、产业、社会和经济等数据对珠三角城镇化的动力进行分析,其次利用面板数据模型进一步探讨珠三角城镇化转型的驱动力和演变特征。分析发现珠三角二产、人口与土地仍是其城镇化主要的驱动因素,但城镇化的“要素推动”作用下降明显,“外向型城镇化”模式逐渐减弱,“知识源导向”城镇化模式正在形成,城镇化模式趋向多元化。珠三角城镇化正面临转型,存在传统“要素推动”不可持续,新型“知识推动”发展相对缓慢,城镇化质量不高,制度建设滞后以及内需不足等新问题。珠三角要大力推进城镇化“创新驱动”,实现“动力转型”,通过建设宜居城乡以实现“质量转型”,加快农业转移人口市民化等,促进“制度转型”。  相似文献   

20.
Analyzing temporal changes in forest amount and configuration is paramount to better design future forest management interventions. Such analyses are especially required for tropical biomes, which are usually subject to dynamic and heterogeneous land uses. Recent studies have suggested that many tropical biomes are passing through the process of “forest transition”, i.e. an overall change from forest loss to forest gain. However, this hypothesis remains scarcely tested, due to the difficulty of obtaining detailed, quantitative historical records of forest cover. In this study, we investigate 38 years of land use change in Brazil's Atlantic Forest, a biodiversity hotspot, from 1976 to 2014, using multitemporal datasets from aerial photographs and satellite images. We classified the historical series to produce land use maps and calculated a set of landscape metrics, including total forest cover, patch size, patch shape and patch connectivity. Our results indicated non-linear changes through time in forest loss and gain and also in landscape structure, which can be classified into two distinct periods. The first period (1976–1996) was marked by expressive forest loss and fragmentation, whereas the second (1996–2014) was characterized by a much less intense forest dynamics, with little deforestation being balanced by forest regeneration. We attribute the forest dynamics observed to temporal changes in socioeconomic factors, such as increasing human settlements and changes in environmental protection policies. Our results show that current forests are a heterogeneous mosaic of forests with different ages, and support the hypothesis that forest transition is occurring in Atlantic Forest landscapes.  相似文献   

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