共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
ICT-based remediation with knowledge information management is presented for the pump-and-treat method of contaminated groundwater. The usefulness of ICT is discussed for monitoring contaminants and groundwater level, transferring data between the remediation well and the remote remediation center, and decision support analysis for controlling the remediation well. A prototype system was developed and applied to field measurement. The prototype system performed reliably for ~600 days. As a decision support analysis, a fuzzy inference model is discussed. The membership functions were determined based on simple reliability theory. The effectiveness of the proposed method was assessed by numerical simulations. The simulation results suggest that the proposed method is likely to reduce the pumped quantity compared to PID control or an engineer’s empirical knowledge. Analysis results are also shown for cancer risks from contaminants and ground settlement risks due to excess pumping up of groundwater. 相似文献
2.
FRFI model application in groundwater non-point source pollution evaluation: a case study in the Luoyang Basin of North Henan province, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The traditional non-point source (NPS) pollution models mainly focus on the flow path of NPS pollutants and attenuation during the flow. Extensive data set preparation and complex results analysis for these models are the most common problems encountered by the model user. In this study a new model, fuzzy-rough sets and fuzzy inference (FRFI), was introduced to evaluate groundwater NPS pollution. The proposed model involves two steps: the algorithm of fuzzy-rough sets attribute reduction (FRSAR) was applied to yield minimal decision rules from the fuzzy information system (FIS); the fuzzy inference technique was then used to forecast a groundwater synthesis pollution index based on the minimal decision rules. This model was applied in the Luoyang Basin, examining NPS pollution factors and hydrochemical variables data to validate the effectiveness of this model. The results indicate that it is only required to collect five NPS pollution factors or three hydrochemical variables; the groundwater synthesis pollution index can be predicted using the FRFI model. The prediction error is restricted to 2.9–6.1 % and 0.8–1.6 %, respectively. Therefore, the costs of computation and monitoring can be decreased, and the user is not required to prepare massive model parameters for the FRFI model. According to analyze the correlation between NPS pollution factors and hydrochemical variables, prevention measures are provided for treatment of the endemic disease and eutrophication. The FRFI model can be suitable for groundwater NPS pollution evaluation systems. 相似文献
3.
地下水中污染物具有迁移性和扩散性,会对下游敏感受体造成威胁,目前场地地下水风险评估主要关注人体健康风险,还未能综合考虑地下水污染的整体风险,尤其是忽视了污染物迁移引起的对下游敏感受体的风险。本研究基于“源-径-汇”模型构建了考虑污染物扩散风险的场地地下水污染风险评估的指标体系与风险评估模式。在指标体系构建方面,重点考虑场地地下水的污染源、迁移路径和敏感受体3个方面。在风险评估模式方面,根据场地不同地下水污染状态开展3个层次的风险评估。基于假想的铬污染场地开展了案例分析,设置了地下水污染状态的4种情景,利用Wexler溶质运移模型计算了地下水污染羽的时空变化,并针对地下水污染的不同层次开展了风险评估。结果表明,在场地地下水污染羽未到达场地边界的2种情形中,场地地下水的风险评分分别为4.0,6.2,分别属于低风险与中风险。在场地地下水污染羽到达或超出场地边界的2种情形中,场地地下水的风险评分分别为7.0,8.8,分别属于中风险与高风险。综合而言,本研究构建的方法能够用来对场地地下水进行系统全面的评估和对比,能够根据风险结果对污染场地进行有效的分级管控,为污染场地的风险管控提供技术支撑。 相似文献
4.
某储油库地下水有机污染健康风险评价 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
本文以USEPA推荐使用的污染场地健康风险评价方法为基础, 结合污染场地实际情况, 分析、评价了某储油库地下水有机污染对场址内暴露人群造成的健康风险。评价结果表明: 该储油库地下水有机污染物为1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、三氯甲烷和甲苯。污染场址内的工人和居民受到的非致癌风险均小于1, 在可接受范围; 而污染对场址内的工人和居民产生的致癌风险较大, 分别为1.7×10?4、9.0×10?3, 是不可接受的。产生致癌风险的主要污染物为1, 2-二氯乙烷, 占总致癌风险的99.80%, 可致人产生多种形态的肿瘤, 并具有潜在的遗传毒性。主要暴露途径是吸入吸收, 占总致癌风险比例大于70%, 其次为口入吸收。皮肤接触暴露途径产生的致癌风险较小, 占总致癌风险比例小于1%。 相似文献
5.
Exposure to arsenic and fluoride through contaminated drinking water can cause serious health effects. In this study, the sources and occurrence of arsenic and fluoride contaminants in groundwater are analyzed in Dawukou area, northwest China, where inhabitants rely on groundwater as the source of drinking water. The triangular fuzzy numbers approach is adopted to assess health risk. The fuzzy risk assessment model incorporates the uncertainties that are caused by data gaps and variability in the degree of exposure to contaminants. The results showed that arsenic and fluoride in groundwater were mainly controlled by the dissolution–precipitation of Ca-arsenate and fluorite under weakly alkaline conditions. The arsenic and fluoride concentrations were higher in the shallow groundwater. The most probable risk values for arsenic and fluoride were 4.57 × 10?4 and 0.4 in the shallow groundwater, and 1.58 × 10?4 and 0.3 in the deep groundwater. Although the risks of fluoride were almost within the acceptable limit (<1.0), the risk values of arsenic were all beyond the acceptable levels of 10?6 for drinking water. Further, the local administration should pay more attention to the potential health risk through dietary intake and to the safety of deep water by ensuring it is not contaminated under prolonged pumping conditions. The fuzzy risk model treats the uncertainties associated with a quantitative approach and provides valuable information for decision makers when uncertainties are explicitly acknowledged, particularly for the variability in contaminants. This study can provide a new insight for solving data uncertainties in risk management. 相似文献
6.
悬臂式隧道掘进机的工作性能一般采用其进行隧道铣挖的瞬时切割速率来综合度量,它是其进行隧道铣挖施工的适应性及其设备选型的重要依据。为了预测悬臂式隧道掘进机铣挖瞬时切割速率,结合其主要受隧道围岩岩性与施工设备条件控制的特点,本文首先选取岩石单轴抗压强度、岩石质量指标和悬臂式隧道掘进机截割功率作为预测指标,建立出铣挖瞬时切割速率预测模型;然后,考虑影响因素的模糊不确定性特点,提出基于模糊推理理论（包括模糊化、模糊规则库、模糊推理机和去模糊化）的铣挖瞬时切割速率预测方法。该方法不仅可全面反映隧道围岩岩性及施工设备条件的影响,还可反映相应各影响因素的模糊不确定性。最后,通过与现有方法分析和实测结果的比较分析,表明了本文模型与方法的合理与可行性。 相似文献
7.
地下水资源在世界各国水资源中占有举足轻重的地位,对人类生存发展、维系生态系统健康发挥着重要作用。现阶段地下水污染日益严重,地下水环境背景值研究和污染风险评价对地下水污染防治工作具有重要意义。由于地下水污染影响因素复杂,地下水化学组分空间分布的非均质性、地下水样品采集的小样本问题与大尺度区域的高计算代价,都对传统的污染风险评价方法构成了极大挑战。机器学习作为人工智能的核心,已成为水文地质领域研究的前沿热点,通过智能高效的数据处理和挖掘,在地下水化学组分的分布、变化以及赋存机制等方向已得到探索和尝试。本文全面介绍了近年来在地下水污染研究方面应用的机器学习方法,涵盖了以聚类为主的非监督学习算法,以回归为主的监督学习算法,以提升算法效率为目标的混合算法,以及以神经网络为核心的深度结构算法,展示了不同类型算法在地下水污染研究方面的成果,详细归纳了各种算法的机理,对算法的技术优劣及适用方向进行了探讨;最后对机器学习在地下水污染方面的应用发展趋势进行了展望,建议探索高效集成学习模型,以弥补单一算法的不足,同时发展面向小样本的深度学习建模技术,提高地下水污染评价精度,拓展和丰富新方法新技术在地下水污染研究方面的应用。 相似文献
8.
地下水污染风险研究在工程决策中具有重要意义。但地下水系统本身具有各种不确定性,基于这些不确定性的地下水污染风险评价也因此具有不确定性,而且贯穿整个地下水污染风险评价过程。所以,进行不确定性分析是对地下水污染风险进行评价时的必要步骤。一般来讲,基于不确定性分析的地下水污染风险评价结果更可靠,因此也更具有实用价值。本文在对不确定性进行分类（随机不确定性和模糊不确定性）的基础上,通过大量文献调研和分析,对目前国内外用于地下水污染风险评价分析的不确定性分析方法（包括随机理论方法、模糊理论方法、随机-模糊耦合方法等）进行了归纳总结,并基于各种方法目前的研究现状,分析了不确定性理论在地下水污染风险评价研究中的发展前景。 相似文献
9.
Mehdi Qasemi Mansoureh Farhang Hamed Biglari Mojtaba Afsharnia Afsaneh Ojrati Fatemeh Khani Mohammad Samiee Ahmad Zarei 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(23):782
Groundwater is the main water source used for drinking and cooking purposes globally. Nitrate level in most groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid areas has increased in the past several decades as a result of human activities and natural processes. This may exert a great impact on human health. To learn the contamination circumstances of groundwater nitrate in villages of Azadshahr, Iran and assess its probable risk to the health of adults, children and infants, fifty-eight groundwater samples were collected from wells and springs in 2018. Nitrate concentrations had a wide spatial variability in wells and springs of the studied villages, with values going from 1 up to 51 mg/L. Exceedances of the EPA standard value were limited to two village springs (villages Nili and Narab, with nitrate level of 51 and 46 mg/L, respectively). The hazard quotients (HQ) values for 41% of children and infants were above the safety level (i.e., HQ?>?1), suggesting that groundwater nitrate would have significant health effects on these age groups. Therefore, appropriate control measures and sanitation improvement programs should be put in place to protect the health of the residents in the contaminated villages. 相似文献
10.
污染场地健康风险评价的实例研究 总被引：35，自引：1，他引：34
以常州市A厂有机污染调查为依据,采用篇中讨论的污染场地健康风险评价方法综合评价由土壤、空气、地下水污染带来的人群健康风险。综合分析表明,场地目标污染物为4种苯系物,可能对人体产生肝肾病变、鼻上皮组织恶化和运动协调能力降低等非致癌效应;污染物暴露途径主要有3条,分别暴露于厂区人群和饮用厂区下游民井井水的居民。评价结果显示,厂区人群同时遭受皮肤接触污染土壤和呼吸污染空气带来的非致癌危害。4种污染物的多途径同种污染物累计非致癌危害指数分别为甲苯,2·82×10-2;乙苯,4·94×10-2;间对二甲苯,1·21×10-7;异丙苯,1·05×10-7。两途径多污染物非致癌总危害指数分别为4·26×10-5和7·76×10-2,非致癌综合危害指数为7·76×10-2;厂区下游居民饮用遭受污染的地下水,其多污染物非致癌总危害指数为1·55×10-5。各危害指数均小于1,非致癌健康风险较小。 相似文献
11.
地下水污染场地风险管理与修复技术筛选 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
赵勇胜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(5):1426-1433
国际上对于地下水污染场地的控制与修复研究已经取得了许多成果,已有成功的修复实例。我国虽然起步晚,但非常重视地下水污染的防治,开展了全国范围的地下水污染调查,并进行了地下水污染的防治规划。地下水污染的控制与修复已经逐渐进入示范性研究阶段。面对地下水污染场地风险管理的不同方法,以及众多的污染修复技术,如何制定风险管理策略,如何在各种各样的修复技术中筛选合适的技术或技术组合,对于地下水污染场地的防治具有非常重要的意义。笔者分析了发达国家地下水污染风险管理策略,结合在地下水污染场地研究方面的经验,对一些主要的地下水污染修复技术进行了分析论述,提出了考虑污染物特征、场地水文地质条件的地下水污染修复技术的筛选过程和方法。 相似文献
12.
岩溶地区地下水污染风险评价方法探究——以地苏地下河系流域为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩溶地下水污染风险评价对岩溶地下水的保护、管理和合理利用具有重要意义。文章总结了近年来国内外地下水污染风险评价方面的研究进展,针对目前评价体系存在的不足,构建了适合岩溶区地下水污染风险评价体系。该方法基于欧洲模式,实现地下水防污性能评价;污染负荷评价则考虑污染物在覆盖层中的衰减过程,利用折减系数实现污染负荷量化;最后,基于GIS空间叠加分析耦合防污性能与污染负荷评价,实现区域地下水污染风险评价。文章以地苏地下河系流域为例,开展岩溶区域地下水污染风险评价,结果表明:区域整体地下水污染风险偏低,地下水中等及以上污染风险区域面积424.41 km2,占研究区总面积的39.03%,主要分布在研究区中东部地苏乡、东庙乡、六也乡局部等人类活动频繁与地苏地下河干流中下游段。地下水污染风险空间分布特征不仅显示了岩性、坡度、岩溶网络发育等自然条件对评价结果的影响,同时也反映了人类活动的影响。地势平缓,岩溶发育程度强烈,加之人类活动频繁是导致区域地下水污染风险较高的原因所在。 相似文献
13.
Mehdi Qasemi Mojtaba Afsharnia Mansoureh Farhang Abolfazl Bakhshizadeh Mohadeseh Allahdadi Ahmad Zarei 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(15):551
Prolonged exposure to excessive levels of nitrate through drinking water is a potential risk for human health. The current research reports the analytical results and associated health risk for water quality in term of nitrate in 39 groundwater samples during January 2018 in rural areas of Gonabad and Bajestan, Iran. Nitrate concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 82.2 and from 5.5 to 84.3 mg/L for Gonabad and Bajestan, respectively. In this work, the potential risk to human health was determined using the hazard quotient (HQ) for three age groups including adults, children and infants. Comparison of HQs among the 39 sampling sites showed that the rural areas in Bajestan had higher HQs than Gonabad. Among the studied groups, infants exposed to a higher risk than children and adults. The results also indicated that the health of individuals from nitrate exposure in most of the groundwater studied was not acceptable and most of the consumers were in danger from current nitrate concentrations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for enforcing effective plans to improve groundwater quality and to better manage and control probable nitrate contaminated sources. 相似文献
14.
The effectiveness of aquifer remediation is typically expressed in terms of a reduction in contaminant concentrations relative
to a regulated maximum contaminant level (MCL), and is usually confirmed by sparse monitoring data and/or simple model calculations.
Here, the effectiveness of remediation is re-examined from a more thorough risk-based perspective that goes beyond the traditional
MCL concept. A methodology is employed to evaluate the health risk to individuals exposed to contaminated household water
that is produced from groundwater. This approach explicitly accounts for differences in risk arising from variability in individual
physiology and water use, the uncertainty in estimating chemical carcinogenesis for different individuals, and the uncertainties
and variability in contaminant concentrations within groundwater as affected by transport through heterogeneous geologic media.
A hypothetical contamination scenario is developed as a case study in a saturated, alluvial aquifer underlying an actual Superfund
site. A baseline (unremediated) human exposure and health risk scenario, as induced by contaminated groundwater pumped from
this site, is predicted and compared with a similar estimate based upon pump-and-treat exposure intervention. The predicted
reduction in risk in the remediation scenario is not an equitable one—that is, it is not uniform to all individuals within
a population and varies according to the level of uncertainty in prediction. The importance of understanding the detailed
hydrogeologic connections that are established in the heterogeneous geologic regime between the contaminated source, municipal
receptors, and remediation wells, and its relationship to this uncertainty is demonstrated. Using two alternative pumping
rates, we develop cost-benefit curves based upon reduced exposure and risk to different individuals within the population,
under the presence of uncertainty. 相似文献
15.
Saeedeh Eskandari 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(8):190
The presented research was performed in order to model the fire risk in a part of Hyrcanian forests of Iran. The fuzzy sets integrated with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in a decision-making algorithm using geographic information system (GIS) was used to model the fire risk in the study area. The used factors included four major criteria (topographic, biologic, climatic, and human factors) and their 17 sub-criteria. Fuzzy AHP method was used for estimating the importance (weight) of the effective factors in forest fire. Based on this modeling method, the expert ideas were used to express the relative importance and priority of the major criteria and sub-criteria in forest fire risk in the study area. The expert ideas mean was analyzed based on fuzzy extent analysis. Then, the fuzzy weights of criteria and sub-criteria were obtained. The major criteria models and fire risk model were presented based on these fuzzy weights. On the other hand, the spatial data of 17 sub-criteria were provided and organized in GIS to obtain the sub-criteria maps. Each sub-criterion map was converted to raster format and it was reclassified based on risk of its classes to fire occurrence. Then, all sub-criteria maps were converted to fuzzy format using fuzzy membership function in GIS. The fuzzy map of each major criterion (topographic, biologic, climatic, and human criteria) was obtained by weighted overlay of its sub-criteria fuzzy maps considering to major criterion model in GIS. Finally, the fuzzy map of fire risk was obtained by weighted overlay of major criteria fuzzy maps considering to fire risk model in GIS. The actual fire map was used for validation of fire risk model and map. The results showed that the fuzzy estimated weights of human, biologic, climatic, and topographic criteria in fire risk were 0.301, 0.2595, 0.2315, and 0.208, respectively. The results obtained from the fire risk map showed that 38.74% of the study area has very high and high risk for fire occurrence. Results of validation of the fire risk map showed that 80% of the actual fires were located in the very high and high risk areas in fire risk map. It can show the acceptable accuracy of the fire risk model and map obtained from fuzzy AHP in this study. The obtained fire risk map can be used as a decision support system for predicting of the future fires in the study area. 相似文献
16.
17.
自20世纪20年代以来,出现了30多种水质评价的研究方法。但由于水质等级与评价因子间复杂的非线性关系,以及水体污染的模糊性和随机性,地下水水质评价至今没有一个被广泛接受的评价模型。现阶段,地理信息系统（GIS）技术被广泛应用到水质评价中,在此基础上提出了一系列新的水质评价模式和理论。文章以大牛地气田区浅层地下水为研究对象,利用ArcGIS技术,将GIS与改进的模糊综合评价模型结合,建立基于GIS的地下水水质模糊综合评价模型,并应用于研究区地下水水质评价。同时将基于GIS的模糊综合评价结果和传统的内梅罗指数法进行对比,验证新方法在地下水水质评价工作中的合理性与可靠性。结果表明:（1）大牛地气田浅层地下水水质状况总体良好,以Ⅰ类和Ⅲ类水为主,局部地区浅层地下水中氨氮超标,水质较差;（2）模糊综合评价法与GIS的有效结合,实现了地下水水质模糊综合评价的系统化和可视化;（3）相对于内梅罗指数法,基于GIS的地下水水质模糊综合评价模型综合考虑了各评价因子对水质的影响,能够更加客观、合理地评价研究区地下水水质。 相似文献
18.
基于地下水模型的岩溶塌陷风险性评价方法在临沂市城区的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩溶塌陷是山东省临沂市区最重要的地质灾害类型,一旦发生,会带来较大的经济和财产损失,因此对岩溶塌陷的风险评价十分必要。风险评价包括现状评价和预测评价,主要分3个步骤来完成：危险性评价,易损性评价和期望损失评价。利用地下水流模型确定调采方案下的相关评价因子,预测了岩溶塌陷的风险性。通过比较发现,经过地下水调采后,原岩溶塌陷高风险区范围大为缩小。地下水流数值模型和风险评价方法结合,可以确定合理的岩溶水规划开采方案,对于指导和防治岩溶塌陷具有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
某金矿区农田土壤重金属污染的人体健康风险 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
环境重金属污染的人体健康效应是当今社会最为关注的重大环境问题。某金矿区矿业活动导致土壤、地下水、农作物中重金属元素存在不同程度的累积或超标。通过土壤、地下水、蔬菜及粮食作物的样品采集,人群暴露问卷调查,获得了暴露人群的膳食结构参数。以农田土壤中7种重金属元素的综合污染分区内的土壤、地下水、蔬菜、小麦玉米等样品中的重金属元素的平均含量为依据,采用USEPA推荐的人体健康风险评价模型,计算了经口食入、皮肤接触等暴露途径对成年人的健康风险概率。研究表明,研究区存在因重金属导致的不可接受的人体健康高非致癌风险和致癌风险。总体而言,土壤重金属污染愈重地区,区内人体健康风险愈高。地下水中的Cr元素、土壤综合污染区内的Hg元素、污染区内的蔬菜及粮食是危害人体健康的重要因素。因此,禁饮Cr含量高的地下水、禁食污染区内的农作物、修复土壤重金属污染、调整农作物种植结构是保护研究区人群健康的重要环境管理工作。 相似文献
20.
Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia and examples of its applications to environmental problems 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
S. Rapant D. Bodiš K. Vrana V. Cvečková J. Kordík K. Krčmová I. Slaninka 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(1):99-110
Results of comprehensive geochemical mapping and thematic studies of the Slovak territory (rocks, soils, stream sediments,
groundwaters, biomass, and radioactivity) in the first half of the 1990s led to several new research programmes in Slovakia,
within the frame of which new methodologies for geochemical data evaluation and map visualization were elaborated. This study
describes the application and elaboration of data from the Geochemical Atlas of the Slovak Republic at national and regional
levels. Based on the index of environmental risk (IER = ΣPEC/PNEC), the level of contamination for the geological component of the environment in Slovakia was evaluated. Approximately
10.5% of Slovakia’s territory was characterized as being environmentally disturbed to highly disturbed. In the areas where
environmental loadings have accumulated, 14 regions where environmental risks existed due to high element concentrations were
defined. The model calculations of health risk estimates based on the databases of the Geochemical Atlas for groundwater and
soils indicate that the possible risk occurrence of carcinogenic diseases from groundwater arsenic contents is high in more
than 10% of Slovakia, whereas the chronic risk is negligible. To determinate the background and threshold levels a combined
statistical–geochemical approach was developed and applied as an example for groundwater at the national level as well as
for single groundwater bodies. The results of statistical method application for the whole groundwater body (GBW) were compared
with the background values for anthropogenically non-influenced areas in GBW. Final background value took into account time
variations and spatial distribution of the element in GBW. Furthermore, based on the database from the Geochemical Atlas for
groundwater, groundwater bodies potentially at qualitative risk were delineated for the whole of Slovakia. From a total of
101 groundwater bodies 17 were characterized as being at risk and 22 as being at possible risk. 相似文献