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1.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(3):258-270
Abstract Land use and land cover change, perhaps the most significant anthropogenic disturbance to the environment, mainly due to rapid urbanization/industrialization and large scale agricultural activities. In this paper, an attempt has been made to appraise land use/land cover changes over a century (1914–2007) in the Neyyar River Basin (L=56 km; Area = 483.4 km2) in southern Kerala – a biodiversity hot spot in Peninsular India. In this study, digital remote sensing data of the Indian Remote Sensing satellite series I-D (LISS III, 2006–2007) on 1:50,000 scale, Survey of India (SOI) toposheet of 1914 (1:63,360) and 1967 (1:50,000) have been utilized to map various land use/land cover changes. Maps of different periods have been registered and resampled to similar geographic coordinates using ERDAS Imagine 9.0. The most notable changes include decreases in areas of paddy cultivation, mixed crops, scrub lands and evergreen forests, and increases in built-up areas, rubber plantations, dense mixed forests, and water bodies. Further, large scale exploitation of flood plain mud and river sand have reached menacing proportions leading to bank caving and cut offs at channel bends. Conservation of land and water resources forms an important aspect of ecosystem management in the basin. 相似文献
2.
Abstract Land cover is an important component of the earth system. Human induced surface alteration can affect earth systems directly, through loss or degradation of ecosystems, or indirectly through impact on the climate and biogeochemical cycles necessary to sustain life on earth. The significance of the earth's surface has made land use/land cover change an important issue in global change research. Alteration of land cover occurs at a variety of spatial scales, but as with many environmental change issues, the impacts of surface changes are often conceptualized at the global scale. In this study, we investigate the effects of land cover change on total reflected radiation and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in a 10,000 km2 local area in the High Plains of southwestern Kansas. Landsat MSS data from five years of record within the twenty‐year period 1973 to 1992 were classified into cool season crop, warm season crop, and pasture/prairie. Mean values of summer reflectance and NDVI from each cover type and for the study area as a whole were then analyzed for systematic change over the study period. Both reflectivity and vegetation index increased during the study period, although causes for the increase appear to be different. Results suggest that changes in mean surface reflectance in the study site are strongly influenced by land cover change, whereas changes in NDVI are more closely linked to 50‐day antecedent precipitation. 相似文献
3.
Abstract Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data have been used to monitor land cover types and to estimate biophysical parameters. However, studies examining the spatial relationships between land cover change and biophysical parameters are generally lacking. With the integration of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), these relationships can be better explored. The research reported in this paper applies this integrated approach for detecting urban growth and assessing its impact on vegetative greenness in the Zhujiang Delta, China. Multi‐temporal Landsat TM data were utilized to map urban growth and to extract and identify changes in vegetative greenness. GIS analyses were conducted to examine the changing spatial patterns of urban growth and greenness change. Statistical analyses were then used to examine the impact of urban growth on vegetative greenness. The results revealed that there was a notably uneven urban growth pattern in the delta, and urban development had reduced the scaled Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value by 30% in the urbanized area. 相似文献
4.
塔里木盆地南缘绿洲荒漠化动态变化遥感研究——以策勒县为例 总被引：30，自引：1，他引：30
根据遥感调查结果，论述塔里木南部地区策勒县荒漠化动态变化的特征及分布规律。在揭示规律之前，利用地面控制点对1977年，1990年，1998年三个不同时期的多源卫星遥感数据（MSS，HRV，TM）进行精确配准，并对多源卫星遥感图像数据复合进行了研究。在野外调研的基础上应用PCI软件进行图像数据处理，编制了策勒地区不同年代的土地分类及土地类型动态变化图；通过不同时期遥感图像中荒漠化环境要素的对比分析，研究了策勒县周围地区近21年的荒漠化动态变化规律，从自然和人文因素两个方面分析探讨了荒漠化发展的趋势。 相似文献
5.
基于CBERS-02遥感影像的湿地地表覆被分类研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于CBERS遥感影像多光谱数据,运用信息量、相关系数及OIF方法,分析了波段数据特征,获得了对影像数据的整体认识。
通过绘制地表覆被类型的样本均值光谱曲线,分析了多种地表覆被类型在5个影像波段中的光谱特征,得出了不同覆被类型在各波
段中的反射特性。基于典型地表覆被类型样本数据,分别针对影像的5个波段及第一主成分、归一化植被指数这两个重要特征,运
用盒须图进一步分析了不同地表覆被类型的分异特性。运用Z-test统计方法,筛选出了区分不同地表覆被类型的最优纹理特征。运
用面向对象分类技术开展了研究区覆被类型分类实验,验证了基于CBERS遥感影像进行内陆淡水湿地区地表覆被分类的可行性,丰
富了地表覆被信息提取方法,拓展了CBERS遥感影像的应用领域。 相似文献
6.
Abstract Studies on land surface processes using remote sensing data gains importance in the context of Geosphere Biosphere Programme. Present study addresses the applicability of split‐window method, in a tropical environment for mapping of surface temperature over heterogeneous surface from satellite data. The accuracy of the method is about +2.2°K, which is reasonable value taking into account the atmospheric attenuation in tropical environment. An attempt has been made to derive emissivity from normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) by taking into account the fraction of vegetation cover of each pixel, which is determined by satellite data. The emissivity values estimated from satellite data found to be in reasonable agreement with an estimated error of less than 1%. The results of the study indicate the potential use of NDVI as a modulating parameter in the land surface temperature estimation from satellite data. 相似文献
7.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(2):108-132
Abstract Characterisation and mapping of land cover/land use within forest areas over long-multitemporal intervals is a complex task. This complexity is mainly due to the location and extent of such areas and, as a consequence, to the lack of full continuous cloud-free coverage of those large regions by one single remote sensing instrument. In order to provide improved long-multitemporal forest change detection using Landsat MSS and ETM + in part of Mt. Kenya rainforest, and to develop a model for forest change monitoring, wavelet transforms analysis was tested against the ISOCLUS algorithm for the derivation of changes in natural forest cover, as determined using four simple ratio-based Vegetation Indices: Simple Ratio (SR), Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Renormalised Difference Vegetation Index (RDVI) and modified simple ratio (MSR). Based on statistical and empirical accuracy assessments, RDVI presented the optimal index for the case study. The overall accuracy statistic of the wavelet derived change/no-change was used to rank the performances of the indices as: RDVI (91.68%), MSR (82.55%), NDVI (79.73%) and SR (65.34%). The integrated discrete wavelet transform–ISOCLUS (DWT–ISOCLUS) result was 42.65% higher than the independent ISOCLUS approach in mapping the change/no-change information. The methodology suggested in this study presents a cost-effective and practical method to detect land-cover changes in support of decision-making for updating forest databases, and for long-term monitoring of vegetation changes from multisensor imagery. The current research contributes to Digital Earth with regards to geo-data acquisition, data mining and representation of one forest systems. 相似文献
8.
中国陆地生态系统脆弱带遥感模型 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本研究通过对我国陆地生态系统8个典型样地的植被指数取样实验和图像计算结果发现，这8个样地植被指数随着水、热因子的季节变化，在时间和空间上具有一定的“绿波推移”和“景观更替”规律。在中国东部湿润的季风区（样地1－3），随着纬度的增高，其月平均植被指数与月平均气温有较大的相关。发现降水相对丰沛的地带，热量和光照条件的变化成为植被生长和变化的自然限制因子；而在中国北方森林－森林草原－典型昌原－荒漠草原－荒漠地带上，随着从东部（湿润地区）到西部（干旱地区）干湿条件的更替，月平均植被指数与降水多寡有较大的正相关关系。在8个样地上都呈现出共同的规律，即定向风的分布与植被指数的分布在时间和空间上具有逆相分布的“套合关系”。尤其在时间上有相逆套合关系，这正是中国北方沙尘暴和沙漠化加剧的自然原因。本研究定量地给出了我国陆地不同经纬度带生态系统脆弱季节和累积时间的分布。 相似文献
9.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):22-49
Abstract Global land cover is one of the fundamental contents of Digital Earth. The Global Mapping project coordinated by the International Steering Committee for Global Mapping has produced a 1-km global land cover dataset – Global Land Cover by National Mapping Organizations. It has 20 land cover classes defined using the Land Cover Classification System. Of them, 14 classes were derived using supervised classification. The remaining six were classified independently: urban, tree open, mangrove, wetland, snow/ice, and water. Primary source data of this land cover mapping were eight periods of 16-day composite 7-band 1-km MODIS data of 2003. Training data for supervised classification were collected using Landsat images, MODIS NDVI seasonal change patterns, Google Earth, Virtual Earth, existing regional maps, and expert's comments. The overall accuracy is 76.5% and the overall accuracy with the weight of the mapped area coverage is 81.2%. The data are available from the Global Mapping project website (http://www.iscgm.org/). The MODIS data used, land cover training data, and a list of existing regional maps are also available from the CEReS website. This mapping attempt demonstrates that training/validation data accumulation from different mapping projects must be promoted to support future global land cover mapping. 相似文献
10.
Abstract Visualization techniques have been developed to recreate natural landscapes, but little has been done to investigate their potential for illustrating land cover change using spatio‐temporal data. In this work, remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and visualization techniques were applied to generate realistic computer visualizations depicting the dynamic nature of forested environments. High resolution digital imagery and aerial photography were classified using object‐oriented methods. The resulting classifications, along with preexisting land cover datasets, were used to drive the correct placement of vegetation in the visualized landscape, providing an accurate representation of reality at various points in time. 3D Nature's Visual Nature Studio was used to construct a variety of realistic images and animations depicting forest cover change in two distinct ecological settings. Visualizations from Yellowstone National Park focused on the dramatic impact of the 1988 fire upon the lodgepole pine forest. For a study area in Kansas, visualization techniques were used to explore the continuous human‐land interactions impacting the eastern deciduous forest and tallgrass prairie ecotone between 1941 and 2002. The resulting products demonstrate the flexibility and effectiveness of visualizations for representing spatio‐temporal patterns such as changing forest cover. These geographic visualizations allow users to communicate findings and explore new hypotheses in a clear, concise and effective manner. 相似文献
11.
U. K. Shanwad H. Honne Gowda D. K. Prabhuraj K. Ashoka Reddy B. P. Lxmikanth 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2012,40(4):619-628
Impact assessment of watershed development activity assumes greater importance in present day agriculture. Considering the ability of remote sensing technology in watershed monitoring and impact assessment, a study was carried out to investigate the Impact Assessment of Karnataka Watershed Development Project (DANIDA) in Koralahallihalla Sub watershed in Sindagi taluk of Bijapur district in Northern Karnataka using satellite data of two periods i.e., IRS 1?C, LISS-III data of 30 December, 1997 (pre-treatment) and IRS P6, LISS-III data of 17 December, 2004 (post-treatment). The land use/land cover map was derived from the supervised classification. The results revealed that there has been no major shift in cropping patterns over a period of 7?years (1997?C2004). However, rabi cropped area has decreased drastically (187?ha), which might be due to the continuous droughts that occurred during the implementation period. On the other hand, kharif and double cropped area have increased marginally (103?ha and 96?ha, respectively). Increase in double cropped area showed that there was increase in irrigated land, which were earlier being used as rainfed and wastelands turned in to cultivated lands as seen in scrub lands and rabi cropped areas of the sub watershed. Wastelands in the sub-watershed has decreased marginally (36?ha). The vegetation vigour of the sub-watershed has been derived from the NDVI maps of both the periods. These NDVI maps indicate that there was a significant change in biomass status of the sub watershed. The vegetation vigour of the area was classified into three classes using NDVI. Substantial increase in the area under high and low biomass levels was observed (319?ha and 77?ha, respectively). The benefit-cost analysis indicates that the use of remote sensing technology was 2 times cheaper than the conventional methods. Thus, the repetitive coverage of the satellite data provides an excellent opportunity to monitor the land resources and evaluate the land cover changes through comparison of images for the watershed at different periods. 相似文献
12.
Abstract Much of the human dimensions of environmental change research emphasize the mapping and modeling of land use and land cover patterns over space and time, and the linkages between people, place, and environment as proximate and distal forces of landscape dynamics. Spatial digital technologies, framed within a GIScience (GISc) context, figure prominently in the characterization of land use and land cover through remote sensing technologies, and in the assessment of social and demographic factors and local and regional site and situation considerations achieved through global positioning systems, data visualizations, and spatial and statistical analyses. Here, we describe some fundamental approaches for linking data across thematic domains, essential for the study of human‐environment interactions. The goal is to generate compatible data sets that extend across social, biophysical, and geographical domains so that the causes and consequences of land use and land cover dynamics might be explored within a spatially‐explicit context. 相似文献
13.
水体覆盖变化研究是地表覆盖及变化研究的重要组成部分。本文以长春市朝阳公园为例,结合水体遥感影像数据,设计并开发了互联网检核验证系统,通过用户间的交流互动,完成水体数据检核,最终实现为用户提供服务的目的。 相似文献
14.
北京周边地区是近一二十a环境退化较严重的地区，特别是由于资源过度开发利用所引起的土地利用和土地覆被变化的生态
环境问题十分突出。以遥感技术、地理信息系统和全球定位系统技术为手段，利用1991或1992年、2001或2002年2期的遥感影像为
基础，辅以土地利用现状图及与生态建设等相关资料，通过外业调查验证，快速、准确地获取北京周边地区51个县级辖区，总土地
面积为23万km2的土地利用现状和近10a的土地利用动态变化及与生态环境相关的土地退化，以反映生态建设工程的实施效果，为
北京周边地区资源合理利用和生态环境建设与规划提供了科学依据。 相似文献
15.
单一时相遥感数据土地利用与覆盖变化自动检测方法 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
针对基期(用于该研究的前一时期数据)T1仅拥有土地利用和覆盖图件(矢量格式)而另一期T2拥有遥感数据的情况,构建了基于知识引导的土地利用和覆盖变化自动检测技术与方法。T1时期土地利用与覆盖与T2期遥感数据在配准叠加情况下,以T1完整的土地利用与覆盖类型图斑为单元构建土地各类别遥感数据知识库,然后以图斑单元或以像素为单位计算遥感影像特征统计量,通过与知识库相关数据的比较与匹配自动检测出变化并识别出相应的土地利用与覆盖类别。文章最后通过试验验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
16.
Prioritization of watersheds using morphometric parameters and assessment of surface water potential using remote sensing 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
M. Suresh S. Sudhakar K. N. Tiwari V. M. Chowdary 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2004,32(3):249-259
In the present study, prioritization of sub-watersheds was carried out on the basis of sediment production rate. Further, basic hydrologic information such as peak rate of runoff and annual surface water potential were also assessed for the study watersheds and these are essential requisites for effective watershed management. The 10 sub watersheds of Tarai development project area are selected for the present study. Morphometric parameters pertaining to study area are used in the estimation of sediment production rate. The sediment production rate in the study area varies between 2.45 to 11.0 ha-m/100 km2/year. The remote sensing data has been utilized for generating land use/land cover data which is an essential prerequisite for land and water resource planning and development. The remote sensing data can especially play significant role in collection of real time information from remote areas of river basins for generation of parameters required for hydrologic modeling. 相似文献
17.
18.
以三江平原具有典型湿地特征的建三江区为例,首先采用不同时间段归一化植被指数（NDVI）差值的变化监测人类活动改变的土地利用变化程度,然后结合遥感图像多尺度分割法,分析湿地系统的8种类型空间干扰格局,计算干扰度（PD）、干扰邻近度（PDD）及二者的相关性。结果表明：研究区土地利用类型变化对多尺度干扰格局的分布有明显影响,耕地、草地和沼泽地总干扰率较高,变化频繁;水域、林地和沼泽在干扰类型C1、C2中分布较广,但干扰值低,面积小;耕地分别占干扰类型C7、C8的74.38%和61.76%,干扰值高且面积大,说明耕地是建三江区湿地系统的主要干扰源。干扰邻近度说明干扰在一定尺度上发生,当干扰度PD＆lt;0.4或PD＆gt;0.7,且干扰邻近度PDD＆gt;PD时,干扰对周边土地类型必定产生影响。本研究为湿地生态系统脆弱性和恢复力的评价提供有效的生态特征指标。 相似文献
19.
A remote sensing based land cover change assessment methodology is presented and applied to a case study of the Oil Sands Mining Development in Athabasca, Alta., Canada. The primary impact was assessed using an information extraction method applied to two LANDSAT scenes. The analysis based on derived land cover maps shows a decrease of natural vegetation in the study area (715,094 ha) for 2001 approximately −8.64% relative to 1992. Secondary assessment based on a key resources indicator (KRI), calculated using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI measurements acquired by NOAA–AVHRR satellites), air temperature and global radiation was performed for a time period from 1990 to 2002. KRI trend analysis indicates a slightly decreasing trend in vegetation greenness in close proximity to the mining development. A good agreement between the time series of inter-annual variations in NDVI and air temperature is observed increasing the confidence of NDVI as an indicator for assessing vegetation productivity and its sensitivity to changes in local conditions. 相似文献
20.
Restoration interventions to combat land degradation are carried out in arid and semi-arid areas to improve vegetation cover and land productivity. Evaluating the success of an intervention over time is challenging due to various constraints (e.g. difficult-to-access areas, lack of long-term records) and the lack of standardised and affordable methodologies. We propose a semi-automatic methodology that uses remote sensing data to provide a rapid, standardised and objective assessment of the biophysical impact, in terms of vegetation cover, of restoration interventions. The Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is used as a proxy for vegetation cover. Recognising that changes in vegetation cover are naturally due to environmental factors such as seasonality and inter-annual climate variability, conclusions about the success of the intervention cannot be drawn by focussing on the intervention area only. We therefore use a comparative method that analyses the temporal variations (before and after the intervention) of the NDVI of the intervention area with respect to multiple control sites that are automatically and randomly selected from a set of candidates that are similar to the intervention area. Similarity is defined in terms of class composition as derived from an ISODATA classification of the imagery before the intervention. The method provides an estimate of the magnitude and significance of the difference in greenness change between the intervention area and control areas. As a case study, the methodology is applied to 15 restoration interventions carried out in Senegal. The impact of the interventions is analysed using 250-m MODIS and 30-m Landsat data. Results show that a significant improvement in vegetation cover was detectable only in one third of the analysed interventions, which is consistent with independent qualitative assessments based on field observations and visual analysis of high resolution imagery. Rural development agencies may potentially use the proposed method for a first screening of restoration interventions. 相似文献