共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 468 毫秒
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三峡库区建成前后洞庭湖湿地动态分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在遥感和地理信息系统技术的支持下,对洞庭湖区TM遥感影像进行处理,获取1999年、2003年、2005年3个年份的洞庭湖区湿地类型分布面积,进行相应统计分析。结果表明,三峡库区拦坝蓄水,枯水期增加下泄量,及时补给下游河湖,提高了洞庭湖区冬季水位;长江上游拦截泥沙,向下游输沙量减少,入湖泥沙含量降低,洲滩湿地面积增长变缓,有利于湖泊湿地的调蓄功能;洞庭湖湿地呈萎缩状态,这一现象是水利工程建设、气候变化、湿地自然演替以及人类活动等多因素长期共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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以重庆市级以上历史文化名镇为研究对象,利用高分辨率遥感影像及其他相关基础地理数据,对历史文化名镇建设现状、集中度、均衡度、紧凑度和通达性等进行分析,并且研究了在重庆复杂的山水环境特征下,历史文化名镇的空间形态特征,对于未来科学制定保护规划有重要作用.研究表明:历史文化名镇在空间分布不均衡,主要集中在重庆市西部区域(江津区、荣昌区、涪陵区等)和东北部区域(万州区、巫山县);空间可达性较好,所有历史文化名镇距离1 km范围内都有公路通达;现状建设规模普遍较小,主要集中在0.5 km2以下;建设空间主要为低海拔丘陵及河谷区域,集中建设高程区间为100—300 m;建设区域距离河流较近,大部分历史文化名镇均在距离河流500 m范围内开展建设;重庆特殊的地形地貌特征使历史文化名镇空间形态以集中型布局为主,狭长型和组团型为辅. 相似文献
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针对复杂高山峡谷地区,冰湖监测容易受山体阴影和积雪的干扰,精度难以满足人们对冰湖信息的需求的问题,该文基于Sentinel-2影像和遥感影像分析技术分析云南千湖山片区高山冰湖,针对冰湖光谱信息复杂特性,采用不同方法探讨冰湖信息提取,并结合地形和同时期的谷歌影像矢量化结果对比分析不同方法对冰湖的提取效果.结果表明:①不同冰湖提取方法中,采用红边波段比值法和面向对象的方法与人机交互解译结果相比效果最好,Kappa系数达85％以上且能够准确地将山体阴影和冰湖区分开;②从数量和空间分布看,千湖山片区的冰湖分布在海拔4 000 m左右,集中在香格里拉县小中甸乡和上江乡局部地区,以三碧海、大黑海为中心,向四周散开,千湖山片区总共约有冰湖305个,沿着沟谷分布. 相似文献
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掌握南水北调工程水源区土地利用变化情况对于改善水源区生态环境,确保足量、优质的清水进京入津具有重要意义。本文基于第一次地理国情普查、历史基础测绘等数据,借助RS和GIS技术,对2009—2015年南水北调中线工程核心水源区土地利用时空变化进行了分析,结论如下:1)区域以林地为主,约占全区总面积的80%,植被覆盖情况良好; 2009—2015年,土地利用减量以耕地为主,增量以草地为主,林草总覆盖率略有增加,耕地、林地、草地总量基本保持平衡。2)土地利用类型相互转化主要发生在耕地、林地、草地三者之间,集中发生在海拔1 000 m以下、坡度15°以上的区域。3)政府实施的生态工程建设、库区移民政策等取得了明显效果,53.47%的坡耕地(5°以上)转化为林地、草地,但仍有相当一部分林地、草地转化为坡耕地,政府应重点加强保护海拔1 000 m以下、15°—25°坡度带内的林地和草地,减少人为活动对水源区生态环境的破坏。 相似文献
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高分辨率遥感影像建筑区域局部几何特征提取 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
及时准确地获取城市建筑区域的空间分布及其变化信息对于城市规划、空间地理数据库建设及区域社会经济分析具有重要意义。本文提出一种基于多尺度Gabor变换和感知聚类方法即张量投票TV (Tensor Voting)相结合的自适应局部几何不变特征检测方法,并将其应用于高空间分辨率遥感影像建筑区域提取。首先,考虑到高分辨率遥感影像复杂的几何结构特征,使用Gabor滤波器组对影像进行多尺度多方向变换检测奇异性特征。然后,在感知聚类框架下,根据张量投票理论将不同方向子带系数位置编码为相应的二阶对称方向张量,为了突出影像几何特征,对不同尺度、不同方向子带中任意像素位置方向张量使用滤波器响应系数加权并求和完成多尺度特征融合。再次,对张量特征分解得到点结构与线结构显著性图并使用非极大抑制提取相应角点和曲线等局部几何特征,同时生成约束准则筛选角点以确定建筑物坐标。最后,利用概率密度估计结合局部角点特征生成全局概率密度场描述影像中像素从属于建筑目标的概率,并使用最大类间方差法(Otsu)阈值分割自动提取居民地多边形区域。使用分辨率分别为0.49 m、0.98 m的Google Earth及0.8 m的高分二号等影像数据集进行实验,实验结果表明本文方法相对于已有的Harris和HSCD点检测算法,在建筑区域提取质量上(Quality)上分别提高了4.79%,5.96%;1.47%,3.76%和1.91%,4.08%。 相似文献
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郑州-兰考区域性隐伏断裂的发现及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄河下游郑州京广铁桥—兰考段河道穿行于华北平原济源—开封凹陷,南邻太康隆起。该河段为著名的地上悬河,属典型的游荡型河床,河流地质作用以强烈侧蚀南岸为特征。遥感、物探综合解译首次发现在河道南岸存在一东西向郑州—兰考区域性隐伏深大断裂带,该断裂带的发现,从河流地质作用特征与基底新构造活动关系方面解释了该段黄河发生、发展和演化机理,解释了河床“小尺度游荡,大尺度呈直线状延伸” 的河道地貌特征和“河流强烈侧蚀南岸”的河流地质作用特征,对黄河下游河道防洪、治理具有重要意义。 相似文献
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The transport of the sediment, carried in suspension by water, is central to hydrology and the ecological functioning of river floodplains and deltas. River discharge estimation is useful for demonstrating this information. In this study, we extracted MODIS reflectance values from a pixel near the river mouth after carrying out the simple atmospheric correction method, then applied single regression analysis to reflectance values and the in situ discharge of Naka River in Tokushima prefecture and Monobe River in Kochi prefecture, Japan. MODIS images and in situ data were taken from January through December, 2004. As a result, both in Naka River and Monobe River, robustly positive relationships between the discharges observed in situ and remotely sensed MODIS reflectance data in the region of river mouth were found throughout the year. In addition, we estimated monthly and annual average discharge from the MODIS reflectance with the regression formula. As a result, in situ average discharge was well estimated. 相似文献
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Numerous palaeochannels, oxbow lakes and elongated sediment fills in Eastern India, particularly along the lower Ajay River, provide a record of channel shifting during the Late Quaternary. Proper characterization of these features is useful for discussing the dynamic evolution of the river system in the Ajay-Damodar Interfluve region. Remote sensing data, archaeological evidence and sedimentology aid in reconstructing the geomorphic history of the lower Ajay River. Archaeological studies help in calculating the rate and direction of channel migration. The channel migration rate varies from 0.32 to 3.41 m/year in the study area. Bouguer gravity anomalies suggest that the rate of channel migration may be controlled by the density variations of the basement rocks. Furthermore, neotectonics activity played a significant role in the migration of Ajay River towards north-east direction. 相似文献
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Water and suspended sediment fluxes are considered during the period 2000–2008 in a region including the full Amazon River from the confluence of the Negro River to Santarém, the end part of the Solimões River, and the lower part of the Madeira River. Three types of data are used: water discharge estimated from field measurements, and suspended sediment obtained from field measurements and derived from MODIS satellite data. A generalized least square method including a propagating term is developed in order to propagate the signal upward and downward the river. The approach is introduced and tested. Several experiments are considered in order, first, to estimate the ability to propagate the signal from stations located before the confluences of Negro and Madeira Rivers to stations located on the Amazon River; second to investigate the possibility to propagate the signal along the Amazon River which dynamics is coupled with floodplains dynamics; and third to produce optimal solutions of water and sediment fluxes. For each experiment, the influence of field and satellite data is compared. The approach is efficient in the upper part of the region of study where the Solimões, the Negro and the Madeira Rivers meet and fails in the lower part of the region where interactions between Amazon River and floodplains play an important role on the fluxes’ dynamics. The optimal experiment includes in situ and satellite data from all the stations available and is used to analyse the recent evolution of suspended sediment flux along the Amazon River and its interaction with the large coupled floodplains. A high accumulation rate is observed during the 2000–2002 period, followed by decreasing rates until 2005 and by increasing values in 2006 and 2007. Our results suggest that floodplains extending along a river reach of 390 km-long between Itacoatiara and Óbidos trap about 15% of the suspended sediment flux passing at Óbidos. The simulated deposition rate is of about 0.3 Mt km−1 yr−1 corresponding to an accretion rate of about 27 mm yr−1. 相似文献
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AbstractThe main objective of this study is to investigate and monitor the landuse and morphological changes in the floodplain part of the Talar River, northern parts of Iran. In the present study, the aerial photographs have been used to produce landuse maps of the floodplain for three periods including 1968, 1994, and 2013. The quantitative analysis of the produced landuse maps showed that the floodplain has undergone substantial landuse changes. Moreover, the sediment bar and the beach area have been decreased about 97 and 90%, respectively, during the 45-year period. Substantial increases of 192 and 622% have been observed for orchards and residential areas, respectively. On the other hand, not only the forest and riparian vegetation were decreased but also the average width of river was decreased about 25.5 m. In addition, flow length of the study reach increased about 8 m. The RNCI was about ?0.7 m per year indicating sedimentation process. During the period of 1968–2013, Caspian Sea has retreated about 150 m and the delta of Talar River was changed. This study showed that morphological actions during first 26 years (1968–1994) were the stable and last 19 years had the change period, especially sedimentation (bar). 相似文献
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三峡水库蓄放水对地面重力变化的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对目前对地面重力的影响分析多采用模拟计算,从而导致对蓄放水的影响范围和程度分析还存在不足的问题,该文利用资源三号(ZY-3)高分辨率多光谱遥感影像提取了三峡库区江河湖库水体数据,结合水位数据,通过负荷格林函数积分模型,计算出三峡水库蓄放水导致水位升降的过程中水体对地面重力变化的影响。研究发现:(1)以1a为周期,三峡库区库岸及长江近岸地面重力的变化趋势与水库的蓄放水时期对应;(2)三峡水库放水期间水位下降,水库库岸及长江近岸地面重力减小;蓄水期间水位上升,地面重力增大;(3)三峡水库蓄放水对库岸及长江近岸的地面重力影响最大可达1 000μGal以上,且距离长江中心线越近,地面重力变化越大。 相似文献
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ADCP全称为声学多普勒剖面流速仪(AcousticDopplerCurrentProfiler),是一种根据声学多普勒频移效应用矢量合成方法测量水流速度剖面的仪器,ADCP可测出水流流速矢量的东向、北向和垂向分量,为工程项目的河道数学模型和物理模型提供原始三维流态数据,为河势分析、河道冲淤计算、河道演变分析提供资料,由于天然河道水流特性及ADCP测流原理导致在测量中仍存在一些问题,如底沙运动、流速脉动、外界磁场影响等,因此探索ADCP与GPS的应用问题及对策来完成内河河道流态测量具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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以机载合成孔径侧视雷达图像(X波段)为主要信息源,根据雷达波探测故河道的基本原理,结合实地探险考察资料,分析了河道的影像特征,研究了河道的分布及其变迁过程,并通过采样测试数据和简化的数学模型,探讨了X波段雷达波的穿透作用。 相似文献