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储层物性受诸多地质因素的影响，经常表现出强烈的非均质性。这种非均质性在一定的空间尺度上往往具有明显的结构特点。本文以青海尕斯库勒油田E3^1油藏为例，讨论了地质统计学方法在油田储层特性空间结构特征分析与预测中的应用。采用变异函数定量描述了孔隙度和渗透率的空间分布结构特征，并在此基础上利用克立格法进行了最成插值预测。结果表明，研究区储层物性（孔隙度和渗透率）具有显著的空间结构性特点，变程一般在800－2000m之间；不同小层的储层物性具有不同的空间结构方向性。这种特征主要沉积相带空间展布的影响，各小层孔隙度和渗透率的实验半变异函数均可用具有块金效应的球状模型来拟合并进行预测。作为验证，本文还采用“多重趋势面”预测模型对储层的孔隙度和渗透率进行了预测分析。 相似文献
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储层物性受诸多地质因素的影响,经常表现出强烈的非均质性。这种非均质性在一定的空间尺度上往往具有明显的结构特点。本文以青海尕斯库勒油田E_3~1油藏为例,讨论了地质统计学方法在油田储层物性空间结构特征分析与预测中的应用。采用变异函数定量描述了孔隙度和渗透率的空间分布结构特征,并在此基础上利用克立格法进行了最优插值预测。结果表明,研究区储层物性(孔隙度和渗透率)具有显著的空间结构性特点,变程一般在800～2000m之间;不同小层的储层物性具有不同的空间结构方向性。这种特征主要受沉积相带空间展布的影响,各小层孔隙度和渗透率的实验半变异函数均可用具有块金效应的球状模型来拟合并进行预测。作为验证,本文还采用“多重趋势面”预测模型对储层的孔隙度和渗透率进行了预测分析。 相似文献
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川中广安地区上三叠统须六段储层特征及控制因素分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
广安地区上三叠统须六段为辫状河三角洲平原分流河道的大套砂岩复合体沉积,以中—细粒长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩为主;孔隙度主要分布在3%~15%之间,渗透率主要分布在0.01×10-3~1×10-3μm2之间。主、次分流河道为该区有效储层,复合砂体内渗透层与致密层交互分布形成了复杂的储层分布特征。在此基础上,结合成岩作用分析储层物性的影响因素认为,物源成分的不同影响储层发育富集区的分布,沉积演化特征控制储层发育层段,沉积微相控制层内非均质性。在煤系地层酸性环境下,强烈压实作用是形成普遍低渗的主要原因。主分流河道沉积的中、粗粒长石岩屑砂岩次生孔隙较发育,是主要的储层岩石类型。 相似文献
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地温梯度如何影响砂岩成岩演化和储层物性变化是地学界的热点问题. 以具有高变地温梯度特征的白云深水区为例,通过分析大量不同地温梯度地区的样品,以地温梯度0.1~0.2 ℃/100 m为递进间隔,对比分析了不同地温梯度区间内不同粒度砂岩储层渗透率随埋藏深度变化的趋势,建立了砂岩渗透率的定量地质预测模型,展示了砂岩渗透率与地温梯度之间的内在联系. 结果表明,一定埋深范围内,随地温梯度升高,渗透率每下降一个数量级,砂岩埋深下限差异呈台阶式减少;相同地温梯度区间内,高成分成熟度、低塑性岩屑含量的含砾砂岩、粗粒砂岩、中粒砂岩和细粒砂岩的渗透率下降程度不同,相邻粒径砂岩等效渗透率埋深下限差异相近,随地温梯度增加,相邻粒径砂岩等效渗透率下限埋深差异呈规律性减小;低渗与特低渗砂岩储层的地层深度段随地温梯度升高而明显变小,粗粒砂岩特低渗储层的埋深下限可作为白云深水区常规油气勘探的极限深度. 研究成果对于揭示地温梯度对砂岩成岩演化作用的影响及物性演变效应具有重要的意义,对油气勘探有积极的指导作用. 相似文献
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成岩作用对砂岩储层孔隙结构的影响 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
砂岩储油物性的优劣不仅和沉积作用有关，而且和成岩作用有密切关系二本区延,砂层组中一些特珠孔隙结构和流体运动特征,及储油物性的变化，并不是沉积期形成的，而是成岩改造的产物。研究工作表明:成岩作用不仅改造了砂岩储层的孔隙结构和储油物性，而且在构成油藏圈团条件和油藏边界区的低渗透带等方面起了重要作用。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地南部镇泾探区的主力含油层段为上三叠统延长组长8段,油藏类型为典型的三角洲前缘分流河道砂岩岩性油藏,储层致密低渗,非均质性强,含油饱和度变化大,开展储层非均质性研究对认识储层内部结构、形成机制和甜点预测均具有重要意义。通过对长8段致密砂岩储层不同尺度的观察和采样测试,分析了储层层内非均质性特征及其成因机制,建立了致密砂岩储层结构型非均质模型。结果表明:镇泾地区延长组长8段致密砂岩储层的非均质性极强,表现为多期河道砂体的削蚀截切和无序叠置,即使在同一厚层块状砂体内,物性和含油性也存在较大差异。细粒沉积隔夹层、富软岩屑砂岩和钙质致密胶结砂岩在空间上的配置关系决定了碎屑岩储层的非均质性。不同期次河道的彼此改造、不同类型砂岩的差异成岩演化和石油的选择性充注,造成了延长组长8段砂岩储层的结构型非均质性及其含油性差异。 相似文献
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通过对取芯井砂岩镜下特征及孔隙度渗透率变化的分析,研究了北黄海盆地东部坳陷下白垩统砂岩的成岩作用及其储层意义。结果显示,储层砂岩类型以长石砂岩、长石石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主,处于中成岩作用阶段的A亚期末期至B亚期早期。主要的成岩作用类型有压实作用、压溶作用、胶结作用、交代作用、蚀变作用、溶蚀作用和重结晶作用,主要孔隙类型有粒间孔隙、粒内孔隙、填隙物内孔隙和次生裂缝。长石砂岩是主要储层。压实作用、压溶作用、胶结作用和重结晶作用使砂岩孔隙度减小,降低了储层物性,起到破坏性作用;交代作用、蚀变作用和溶蚀作用使砂岩孔隙度增大,改善了储层物性,起到建设性作用。孔隙度和渗透率整体上由浅变深而呈现由大到小趋势,在深度为3 000~3 020 m和3 140~3 250 m时出现异常高值,孔隙度与渗透率的异常高值带是次生孔隙发育带。 相似文献
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A key challenge in the oil and gas industry is the ability to predict key petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability. The predictability of such properties is often complicated by the complex nature of geologic materials. This study is aimed at developing models that can estimate permeability in different reservoir sandstone facies types. This has been achieved by integrating geological characterization, regression models and artificial neural network models with porosity as the input data and permeability as the output. The models have been developed, validated and tested using samples from three wells and their predictive accuracy tested by using them to predict the permeability in a fourth well which was excluded from the model development. The results indicate that developing the models on a facies basis provides a better predictive capability and simpler models compared to developing a single model for all the facies combined. The model for the combined facies predicted permeability with a correlation coefficient of 0.41 which is significantly lower than the correlation coefficient of 0.97, 0.93, 0.99, 0.96, 0.96 and 0.85 for the massive coarse-grained sandstones, massive fine-grained sandstones-moderately sorted, massive fine-grained sandstones-poorly sorted, massive very fine-grained sandstones, parallel-laminated sandstones and bioturbated sandstones, respectively. The models proposed in this paper can predict permeability at up to 99% accuracy. The lower correlation coefficient of the bioturbated sandstone facies compared to other facies is attributed to the complex and variable nature of bioturbation activities which controls the petrophysical properties of highly bioturbated rocks. 相似文献
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陕甘宁盆地坳陷型湖盆缓坡带三角洲前缘短期基准面旋回与储层成因分析 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
运用高分辨率层序地层的短期基准面旋回原理,对发育于陕甘宁盆地城华地区长 3油层组缓坡带上的三角洲前缘的储集砂体进行细致分析,按成因将储层砂体详细划分为三大类 6种类型,而这几种类型砂体的成因明显受基准面升降、可容纳空间 (A)和沉积物补给量 (S)之间变化关系两方面的影响。在基准面上升过程中,A/S<1时,以截削式河道砂体为主,A/S >1时,则为完整式河道砂体;在基准面下降过程中,A/S <1时,以孤立式河口坝砂体为主,A/S>1时,则以叠加式河口坝和远砂坝砂体为主;在水下坡折带沉积区,则为复合式坝砂体。基准面升降过程中,短期基准面旋回的规律性变化,影响着不同成因砂体的分布,据此建立了坳陷型湖盆缓坡带三角洲前缘不同砂体类型的成因分布模式 相似文献
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元坝地区须家河组砂岩的致密化程度极高,以超低孔、超低渗储层为主,属于超致密砂岩。本文基于铸体薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜和物性等资料,在对砂岩的岩石组分、孔隙类型及物性特征分析的基础上,通过与国内外典型致密砂岩对比,揭示研究区砂岩较其他砂岩致密化程度高的原因,分析超致密砂岩的勘探潜能。结果表明,研究区砂岩具有较高的塑性岩屑、碳酸盐岩岩屑和黏土杂基含量;填隙物以黏土杂基和钙质胶结物为主,较强的硅质胶结作用仅发育于石英砂岩中。孔隙多为黏土杂基晶间微孔,喉道呈窄缝状或不发育,孔喉分选差,偏细歪度。砂岩致密化程度高主要有两方面的原因:一是原始组构差,成分成熟度低,含有较高的塑性岩屑、碳酸盐岩岩屑和黏土杂基含量,导致砂岩在早成岩阶段既已经历了很强的压实作用和钙质胶结作用,致密化时间早,溶蚀作用不发育;二是成岩演化阶段高,砂岩经历了中成岩阶段的压溶及进一步的钙质/硅质胶结,使得砂岩超致密化。与国内外典型致密砂岩气藏对比表明,超致密砂岩有效孔隙少,对天然气的富集能力有限。元坝地区须家河组只有孔隙度近于8%(如长石岩屑砂岩)的砂岩才可成为有利的致密气储层。 相似文献
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油气充注对塔中志留系沥青砂岩储集性影响的模拟实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
志留系储层原油演化成沥青过程中，沥青充填于粒间孔及填隙物中，占据了孔隙空间，残余孔隙率、渗透率很低。通过模拟实验的方法分析了油气充注对沥青砂岩储集性的影响，早期充填沥青少而残余孔隙率、渗透率很低的砂岩，晚期油气仍不能充注，是非储层；早期沥青均匀充填、充填程度高，残余孔隙率、渗透率低的砂岩，晚期低粘度稀油仍能充注，孔隙率、渗透率有大幅度提高，是有效储层；早期沥青充填较均匀，残余孔隙率相对较高，不同粘度的原油充注后，孔渗条件发生明显的改善。常温的实验表明，原油的物理性质是决定沥青砂岩能否再次充注的关键因素之一，稀油充注是志留系沥青砂岩成藏的必要条件。 相似文献
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通过铸体薄片显微镜下观察、孔喉图像、毛细管压力、恒速压汞、气水相对渗透率、核磁共振等多种分析实验手段,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界盒8段低孔、低渗-特低渗砂岩储层的微观孔隙结构和渗流特征,探讨了孔隙结构对储层渗流特征的影响。结果表明,孔隙结构特征是影响低孔、低渗-特低渗砂岩储集性能与渗流特征的主要因素。而砂岩的孔隙结构特征主要受砂岩原生矿物组合与成岩演化过程及其产物的控制,盒8段各砂岩类型由于其矿物成分不同导致孔隙结构的差异,也是各砂岩类型储集性能与渗流能力存在差别的直接原因。在孔隙结构参数中,喉道的大小、有效孔隙与喉道的体积及其连通性是决定储层储集与渗流能力的关键。大孔喉对储层渗流能力的贡献更大,中-小孔喉则对储集能力的贡献相对较高。微裂缝是除孔隙结构以外影响砂岩储集性能与渗流特征的重要因素。 相似文献
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The Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation acts as a hydrocarbon reservoir in the subsurface in the Western Desert, Egypt. This study, which is based on core samples from two exploration boreholes, describes the lithological and diagenetic characteristics of the Khatatba Formation sandstones. The sandstones are fine‐ to coarse‐grained, moderately to well‐sorted quartz arenites, deposited in fluvial channels and in a shallow‐marine setting. Diagenetic components include mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation (calcite, clay minerals, quartz overgrowths, and a minor amount of pyrite), and dissolution of calcite cements and feldspar grains. The widespread occurrence of an early calcite cement suggests that the Khatatba sandstones lost a significant amount of primary porosity at an early stage of its diagenetic history. In addition to calcite, several different cements including kaolinite and syntaxial quartz overgrowth occur as pore‐filling and pore‐lining cements. Kaolinite (largely vermicular) fills pore spaces and causes reduction in the permeability of the reservoir. Based on framework grain–cement relationships, precipitation of the early calcite cement was either accompanied by or followed the development of part of the pore‐lining and pore‐filling cements. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cements and feldspar. Late kaolinite clay cement occurs due to dissolved feldspar and has an impact on the reservoir quality of the Khatatba sandstones. Open hydraulic fractures also generated significant secondary porosity in sandstone reservoirs, where both fractures and dissolution took place in multiple phases during late diagenetic stages. The diagenesis and sedimentary facies help control the reservoir quality of the Khatatba sandstones. Fluvial channel sandstones have the highest porosities and permeabilities, in part because of calcite cementation, which inhibited authigenic clays or was later dissolved, creating intergranular secondary porosity. Fluvial crevasse‐splay and marine sandstones have the lowest reservoir quality because of an abundance of depositional kaolinite matrix and pervasive, shallow‐burial calcite and quartz overgrowth cements, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Numair A.Siddiqui Mu.Ramkumar Abdul Hadi A.Rahman Manoj J.Mathew M.Santosh Chow W.Sum David Menier 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(3):957-971
Advances in photogrammetry have eased the acquisition of high-resolution digital information from outcrops, enabling faster, non-destructive data capturing and improved reservoir modeling. Geocellular models for flow dynamics with in the virtual outcrop in siliciclastic deposits at different sets of sandstone facies architecture remain, however, a challenge. Digital maps of bedding, lithological contrast, spatial-temporal variations of bedding and permeability characteristics make it more easy to understand flow tortuosity in a particular architecture. An ability to precisely model these properties can improve reservoir characterization and flow modeling at different scales. Here we demonstrate the construction of realistic 2 D sandstone facies based models for a pragmatic simulation of flow dynamics using a combination of digital point clouds dataset acquired from LiDAR and field investigation of the Sandakan Formation, Sabah, Borneo.Additionally, we present methods for enhancing the accuracy of outcrop digital datasets for producing high resolution flow simulation. A well-exposed outcrop from the Sandakan Formation, Sabah, northwest Borneo having a lateral extent of 750 m was chosen in order to implement our research approach. Sandstone facies and its connectivity are well constrained by outcrop observations, data from air-permeability measurements, bilinear interpolation of permeability, grid construction and water vector analysis for flow dynamics.These proportions were then enumerated in terms of static digital outcrop model(DOM) and facies model based on sandstone facies bedding characteristics. Flow simulation of water vector analysis through each of the four sandstone facies types show persistent spatial correlation of permeability that align with either cross-bedded orientation or straight with more dispersion high quality sandstone(porosity 21.25%-41.2%and permeability 1265.20-5986.25 mD) and moderate quality sandstone(porosity 10.44%-28.75% and permeability 21.44-1023.33 mD). Whereas, in more heterolithic sandstone(wavy-to flaser-bedded and bioturbated sandstone), lateral variations in permeability show spatially non-correlated patterns over centimeters to tens of meters with mostly of low quality sandstone(porosity 3.4%-12.31% and permeability < 1 mD to 3.21 mD). These variations reflect the lateral juxtaposition in flow dynamics. It has also been resulted that the vertical connectivity and heterogeneities in terms of flow are mostly pragmatic due to the interconnected sandstone rather than the quality of sandstone. 相似文献
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基于薄片鉴定分析、扫描电镜、物性分析、X射线衍射分析、碳酸盐碳氧同位素分析等实验手段, 研究文昌A凹陷珠海组低渗砂岩储层岩石学特征和成岩作用特征, 通过定量化分析, 评价压实、胶结、溶蚀作用对储层孔隙演化的影响, 实现成岩相预测及储层分类评价.结果表明:（1）研究区珠三南断裂带以岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主, 中、粗砂岩含量高; 6号断裂带以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主, 细砂岩含量高.储集空间以次生溶孔为主, 物性变化大, 纵向及平面均表现出明显的分带性.（2）机械压实造成珠海组原生粒间孔隙大量丧失; 含铁碳酸盐、自生伊利石、硅质胶结等使粒间孔进一步减少, 早期绿泥石则能抑制石英次生加大; 溶蚀作用使深部储层物性得以改善, 研究区珠海组发育两个次生溶蚀带.成岩相预测结果表明, 发育厚层粗粒级砂岩的水下分流河道是研究区的有利储集相带.（3）通过孔隙演化定量分析, 认为成岩作用对粗粒砂岩和细-中粒砂岩的孔隙度演化的影响具有差异性. 相似文献
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川东北五宝场地区须家河组须五段具有特低孔特低渗致密砂岩储层特征,常规叠后纵波阻抗难以区分泥岩背景下的储层,储层预测和含气性检测难度大。本文基于Gassmann方程进行流体替换并对工区缺失横波资料的井进行横波预测,并分别正演饱含不同流体性质的道集。研究发现储层饱含水为一类AVO响应特征,储层饱含气为二类AVO特征,AVO规律明显,进而采用实钻井的样本点建立岩石物理模板,选取纵横波速度比联合纵波阻抗圈定致密砂岩储层,利用更低的纵横波速度比能有效指示含气性。结果表明：砂体及储层展布规律能够得到很好的表征,叠前含气性预测对井吻合率达到90.9%。叠前预测在川东北五宝场地区须家河组须五段致密砂岩含气性识别中是有效的,有助于提高钻探成功率与开发效益。 相似文献
20.
王彩萍 《西安地质学院学报》2010,(2):161-165
位于鄂尔多斯盆地的直罗油田三叠系延长组长6油层组为近年来新开发的一个主力油气产层。岩石学和成岩作用特征研究表明,直罗油田长6油层组以细粒长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,砂岩经历了机械压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用等成岩作用,成岩作用处于晚成岩阶段A期。成岩作用控制了储层砂岩孔隙发育特征,其中压实作用与胶结作用是导致储层超低渗的主导因素,而次生溶蚀孔隙的形成对储层砂岩物性具有一定改造作用,并控制了该区长6油层组相对高孔高渗储层的展布特征。 相似文献