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This paper presents a boundary element method (BEM) procedure for a linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis in two‐dimensional anisotropic bimaterials. In this formulation, a displacement integral equation is only collocated on the uncracked boundary, and a traction integral equation is only collocated on one side of the crack surface. A fundamental solution (Green's function) for anisotropic bimaterials is also derived and implemented into the boundary integral formulation so that except for the interfacial crack part, the discretization along the interface can be avoided. A special crack‐tip element is introduced to capture the exact crack‐tip behavior. A computer program using FORTRAN has been developed to effectively calculate the stress intensity factors of an anisotropic bimaterial. This BEM program has been verified to have a good accuracy with previous studies. In addition, a central cracked bimaterial Brazilian specimen constituting cement and gypsum is prepared to conduct the Brazilian test under diametral loading. The result shows that the numerical analysis can predict relatively well the direction of crack initiation and the path of crack propagation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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In a cracked material, the stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the crack tips, which govern the crack propagation and are associated with the strength of the material, are strongly affected by the crack inclination angle and the orientation with respect to the principal direction of anisotropy. In this paper, a formulation of the boundary element method (BEM), based on the relative displacements of the crack tip, is used to determine the mixed‐mode SIFs of isotropic and anisotropic rocks. Numerical examples of the application of the formulation for different crack inclination angles, crack lengths, and degree of material anisotropy are presented. Furthermore, the BEM formulation combined with the maximum circumferential stress criterion is adopted to predict the crack initiation angles and simulate the crack propagation paths. The propagation path in cracked straight through Brazilian disc specimen is numerically predicted and the results of numerical and experimental data compared with the actual laboratory observations. Good agreement is found between the two approaches. The proposed BEM formulation is therefore suitable to simulate the process of crack propagation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A new criterion to predict crack propagation trajectory in anisotropic rocks with incorporating the concept of T-stress in formulating stress field near the crack tip was developed. The developed criterion along with enrichment functions and interaction integral in the extended finite element method (XFEM) framework made a sophisticated tool in modeling fracturing process in anisotropic media. Numerical results indicated that stress intensity factors considerably depend on orientation of anisotropy axes and ratio of the elastic modulus. The proposed formulation for anisotropic media provides a more accurate prediction of crack propagation trajectory compared with conventional methods, especially in mixed mode conditions. 相似文献
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针对线弹性断裂力学问题,提出扩展径向点插值无网格法（X-RPIM）。该方法基于单位分解思想,在传统径向点插值无网格法的位移模式中加入扩展项来描述裂纹两侧的不连续位移场和裂尖奇异场。由于其形函数具有Kronecker ? 函数性质,易于施加本质边界条件。详细描述了X-RPIM不连续位移模式的建立,支配方程的离散形式以及J积分计算混合模式裂纹的应力强度因子的实现过程,讨论了不同积分区域对应力强度因子的影响。数值算例分析证明了该方法在求解断裂问题时的可行性和有效性,同时说明扩展径向点插值无网格法在模拟裂纹扩展问题时具有良好的前景。 相似文献
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扩展有限元法模拟裂纹时独立于网格,因此该方法是目前求解裂纹问题最有效的数值方法。为了在计算代价不大的情况,实现大型结构分析中考虑小裂纹或提高裂纹附近精度,在裂纹附近一般采用小尺度单元,其他区域采用大尺度单元。提出了分析三维裂纹问题的多尺度扩展有限元法,在需要的地方采用小尺度单元。基于点插值构造了六面体任意节点单元。所有尺度单元都采用8节点六面体单元,这样六面体任意节点单元可方便有效地连接不同尺度单元。采用互作用积分法计算三维应力强度因子。边裂纹和中心圆裂纹算例分析结果表明,该方法是正确和有效的。 相似文献
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We propose a discrete element model for brittle rupture. The material consists of a bidimensional set of closed‐packed particles in contact. We explore the isotropic elastic behavior of this regular structure to derive a rupture criterion compatible to continuum mechanics. We introduce a classical criterion of mixed mode crack propagation based on the value of the stress intensity factors, obtained by the analysis of two adjacent contacts near a crack tip. Hence, the toughness becomes a direct parameter of the model, without any calibration procedure. We verify the consistency of the formulation as well as its convergence by comparison with theoretical solutions of tensile cracks, a pre‐cracked beam, and an inclined crack under biaxial stress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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本文研究了岩石断裂力学中感兴趣的三维空间中周期裂纹阵受剪切作用的问题。求出了以裂纹张开位移为未知量的奇异积分方程。对矩形裂纹面进行了数值计算,得到了应力强度因子沿裂纹边界的分布规律。 相似文献
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正交各向异性岩体裂纹扩展的扩展有限元方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
石油开采和非常规天然气开采等领域经常遇到页岩、砂岩等沉积岩,这类岩石材料往往具有正交各向异性特征。采用扩展有限元方法研究了正交各向异性岩体裂纹扩展问题,并基于Matlab平台编写了数值计算程序Betaxfem2D。将由复变函数法得到的裂纹尖端渐进位移场作为裂尖位移增强函数,用相互作用积分法计算混合模式应力强度因子,采用修改后的最大周向拉应力扩展准则确定裂纹扩展方向。与传统有限元方法的对比表明,扩展有限元方法达到相同计算精度需要的自由度少,节省计算机时。分别采用扩展有限元程序和传统有限元程序模拟了岩石试件4点弯曲试验,二者所得结果一致。数值试验表明：随着正交材料坐标系与空间坐标系夹角α的增大,裂纹扩展方向角? 按照周期为? 的近似正弦函数的规律变化;保持剪切模量和泊松比不变时,正弦函数的值域随着弹性模量比值E1 /E2的减小而缩小,但相位基本保持不变;研究沉积岩断裂力学问题时,岩石的正交各向异性特征不可忽略。 相似文献
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A time domain boundary element method (BEM) for evaluating stresses in an axisymmetric soil mass undergoing consolidation has been developed. Previous BEM work on axisymmetric poroelasticity for boundary displacements and pore pressures is extended to permit the computation of stresses at both boundary and interior points. The stress formulation preserves the surface-only discretization. The boundary displacement integral equation is progressively differentiated to obtain the related stress and strain integral equations. Explicit expressions for the steady-state axisymmetric fundamental solutions are derived in this process. The transient components of the integrands are obtained directly from the transformation of the three-dimensional kernels into a cylindrical system. Numerical implementation of these integral equations is carried out within a general purpose BEM computer code and several illustrative examples are presented to validate the method. 相似文献
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为研究锚杆对裂隙岩体的锚固机制及其影响因素,对预制锚固单排裂隙试件进行单轴破断试验。提出了主控裂纹的概念,即控制试件强度弱化和最终破坏的一条或几条大裂纹称为主控裂纹。在不同的锚固条件下主控裂纹会有不同的产状：在有效锚固范围内,裂隙试件具有横向和纵向两类主控裂纹,而在无锚或有效锚固范围之外的试件仅有纵向一条主控裂纹贯通。通过声发射和应力监测表明,在有效锚固范围内锚杆能延迟主控裂纹产生和提高裂隙试件强度。另外,利用ANSYS软件对不同锚固条件下的裂隙尖端应力强度因子进行数值计算,得到了锚固距离和锚固倾角与裂隙尖端应力强度因子之间的关系;通过FLAC3D模拟了不同锚固距离下主控裂纹贯通模式,数值模拟与试验结果比较吻合。 相似文献
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接触裂纹问题在工程结构中较为常见。结合数值流形法在裂纹处理上的优势,分析了压剪荷载作用下的接触裂纹问题,模拟了压剪裂纹渐进扩展过程。为了减少由于裂纹尖端位置不同而产生的误差,对裂纹尖端附近一定范围内的每一个物理覆盖附加奇异覆盖函数项,并根据裂纹尖端位置和单元含奇异物理覆盖的数目进行分区积分。选取一个压剪破坏算例,分析了法向接触力对应力强度因子计算结果的影响,并模拟了其渐进破坏过程。计算结果表明,所提方法在压剪裂纹问题方面的可行性,与未细化和覆盖细化方法得到的结果相比,更能准确地描述裂纹扩展路径。法向接触力对II型应力强度因子的贡献为0,对I型应力强度因子的影响较大,相对误差随网格密度变化明显,且法向接触力对I型应力强度因子的影响要比直接施加内压时的影响大。 相似文献
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The complex variables boundary element method (CVBEM) is used to study interaction between a circular opening and fractures originating from its boundary in a piecewise homogeneous plane. A new complex hypersingular equation for piecewise homogeneous media with a circular opening is obtained. The equation is solved using the CVBEM technique with circular and straight boundary elements and polynomial approximations (with square root asymptotics for crack tip elements) for the unknown functions. The algorithm is verified through comparison with known semi‐analytical and numerical solutions that involve interaction between a circular opening and specific systems of cracks or other openings. New numerical results concerning the interaction of the circular opening with the cracks and circular inclusions are presented. The method is applied to an important problem in the petroleum industry: modelling propagation of hydraulic fractures in the vicinity of a borehole. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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结合边界元法和离散元法,提出一种可以进行计算颗粒内部应力和破碎路径的方法。该方法利用离散元法求解颗粒的相互作用和每个颗粒上的荷载。然后利用边界元法计算颗粒的应力分布,为了实现动态平衡,将颗粒的加速度视为恒定大小的体力。但体力导致边界积分方程中出现域积分,故采用直线积分法将域积分转化为边界积分,以保证边界元法降维的优势。为了提高边界元的计算效率,对于几何形状相似的颗粒,以其中一个颗粒作为模板颗粒,只需要计算模板颗粒在局部坐标系中的系数矩阵,其他相似颗粒可以通过局部和全局坐标系之间的映射获得。在得到应力后,基于Hoek-Brown准则来判断颗粒是否破碎。此外,将破坏路径简化为直线,并采用最小二乘法拟合得到破坏路径。 相似文献
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Hydraulic fracturing is the method of choice to enhance reservoir permeability and well efficiency for extraction of shale gas. Multi‐stranded non‐planar hydraulic fractures are often observed in stimulation sites. Non‐planar fractures propagating from wellbores inclined from the direction of maximum horizontal stress have also been reported. The pressure required to propagate non‐planar fractures is in general higher than in the case of planar fractures. Current computational methods for the simulation of hydraulic fractures generally assume single, symmetric, and planar crack geometries. In order to better understand hydraulic fracturing in complex‐layered naturally fractured reservoirs, fully 3D models need to be developed. In this paper, we present simulations of 3D non‐planar fracture propagation using an adaptive generalized FEM. This method greatly facilitates the discretization of complex 3D fractures, as finite element faces are not required to fit the crack surfaces. A solution strategy for fully automatic propagation of arbitrary 3D cracks is presented. The fracture surface on which pressure is applied is also automatically updated at each step. An efficient technique to numerically integrate boundary conditions on crack surfaces is also proposed and implemented. Strongly graded localized refinement and analytical asymptotic expansions are used as enrichment functions in the neighborhood of fracture fronts to increase the computational accuracy and efficiency of the method. Stress intensity factors with pressure on crack faces are extracted using the contour integral method. Various non‐planar crack geometries are investigated to demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of the proposed simulation methodology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The paper presents closed‐form solutions for stress and displacement influence functions for stress discontinuity (SD) and displacement discontinuity (DD) elements, for a two‐dimensional plane‐strain elastic, transversely anisotropic medium. The solutions for SD elements are based on Kelvin's problem and for DD elements on the concept of dipoles. Stress and displacement influence functions are derived for the following elements: constant SD, linear SD, constant DD, linear DD, square root DD, parabolic DD, constant DD surface, and linear DD surface elements. The formulations are incorporated into FROCK, a hybridized boundary element method code, and are validated by providing comparisons between the results from FROCK and the finite element code ABAQUS. A limited parametric analysis shows the effects of slight anisotropy on the stress field around the tip of a crack and of the orientation of the crack with respect to the axes of elastic symmetry. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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考虑沥青材料的黏弹性,结合动力学和断裂力学理论,通过有限元数值模拟研究了含多裂纹沥青路面在移动交通荷载作用下的动力特性,考察了裂纹间距变化对动态应力强度因子以及裂纹尖端应力的影响。研究结果表明,在移动交通荷载作用下基层底面裂纹处于Ⅰ、Ⅱ型动态应力强度因子交替控制下;裂纹间距增大,对基底裂纹应力强度因子的影响逐渐减小;表面裂纹尖端在移动荷载距其较近时受压应力,且随裂纹间距增大,最大压应力先微弱减小后逐渐增大;在移动荷载经过表面裂缝时,裂缝尖端经历了方向相反的剪切作用,随着裂纹间距的增大,最大剪应力呈现先减小后增大的趋势。同时对加铺土工布这一阻裂措施利用数值模拟进行了验证。 相似文献
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Crack propagation in rocks is simulated by using a displacement substitution method based on a mixed mode fracture criterion. The main advantage of this model is that it can distinguish between mode I and mode II stress intensity factors simultaneously. A typical finite element program is used to compute displacements adjacent to the crack tip. The maximum circumferential tensile stress is adopted as a ‘yield surface’ for the calculation of the load factor in each crack increment. Pure mode I and mixed mode examples have been analysed to validate the capability of the model. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献