共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Pino González-Riancho Marcello Sanò Raúl Medina Oscar García-Aguilar Jurgi Areizaga 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2009,52(11):545-558
The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) principles in the Mediterranean developing countries at the moment of signing the protocol on ICZM for the Mediterranean, in the framework of the UNEP Mediterranean Action Plan of the Barcelona Convention. This assessment is based on the results of two advanced seminars on ICZM promoted by the Azahar programme of the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation for the Development (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation). The contribution of the participants of the seminar, who are representatives of national agencies related with ICZM in different Mediterranean countries, have been collected through a questionnaire including: (i) a ranking of the main coastal sectors and the main coastal issues of each country; (ii) significant initiatives for the sustainable development of the Mediterranean coastal zones; and (iii) the evaluation of the ICZM progress. The state of the coast, the level of implementation of ICZM and the main problems faced to apply it, have been detected for each country. None of the consulted countries have a full implemented integrated coastal zone management, the major problems being: (i) the lack of financial commitment for the implementation of ICZM; (ii) the lack of an assessment and monitoring system; (iii) the lack of knowledge regarding the coastal system; (iv) the lack of qualified human resources; and (v) the lack of public participation and administrative integration strategies based on information. From these conclusions, some recommendations to improve ICZM are also provided. The work presented in this paper is the starting point to assess the evolution and the reference from which ICZM will be improved through the protocol on ICZM for the Mediterranean. 相似文献
2.
根据24年CCMP风场资料和江苏沿海4个方向(N、NE、E和SE)百年一遇风速,构建西北太平洋、东中国海和江苏沿海上述4个方向的百年一遇风场。首次建立一个基于第三代海浪模型SWAN的自西北太平洋、东中国海至江苏沿海的三重嵌套数值模型,以AVISO卫星观测数据和江苏沿海定点实测数据进行验证。以三个计算域4个方向百年一遇风场为驱动风场,驱动该多重嵌套模型,高精度数值模拟江苏沿海4个方向百年一遇有效波高分布并进行分析。结果表明,江苏沿海辐射沙洲地形对有效波高分布影响显著;E向百年一遇风场作用下海域有效波高最大,NE向次之,N向和SE较小。 相似文献
3.
本文描述了浙江沿海发生的风暴潮及其灾害的基本概况;分析了风暴潮灾害在自然灾害中的比重。指出我省近海热带气旋活动频繁,而且沿海地理条件又十分有利于风暴潮波幅的增大,从而导致严重的潮灾发生。因此,防御和减轻潮灾的任务相当艰巨。文章最后还从“软科学”的角度,提出若干减轻潮灾的对策与建议。 相似文献
4.
寒潮影响下江苏沿海风浪场数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于第三代浅水波浪数值预报模型SWAN,建立自西北太平洋嵌套至东中国海、江苏沿海的三重嵌套模型,对2010年12月12日至15日江苏沿海寒潮大风引起的风浪过程进行了数值模拟研究。利用西北太平洋和江苏沿海实测数据对模型进行了验证,结果表明SWAN嵌套模型能较好地模拟江苏沿海寒潮风浪场的时空分布。通过响水站实测数据对江苏沿海底摩擦系数进行了率定,研究表明选取Collins拖曳理论中摩擦因数C_f=0.001时,有效波高模拟误差相对较小。寒潮风浪场的特征分析表明,有效波高分布与风场分布基本一致,寒潮风浪在江苏沿海北部影响较为显著,辐射沙洲附近由于其特殊地形影响相对较小。 相似文献
5.
Ａｍｏｄｅｌｏｆｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｎｗａｖｅ－ｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄｍｕｄｃｏａｓｔＺｈａｎｇＹｏｎｇ，ＹｕＺｈｉｙｉｎｇａｎｄＪｉｎＬｉｕ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＪｕｌｙ２３，１９９６；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ．．８，１９９６）Ａｂｓｔ... 相似文献
6.
基于观测的南海越南沿岸次表层涡旋 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study, subsurface eddies near the Vietnam coast of the South China Sea were observed with in situ observations, including Argo, CTD, XBT and some processed and quality controlled data. Based on temperature profiles from four Argo floats near the coast of Vietnam, a subsurface warm eddy was identified in spring and summer. The multi-year Argo and Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Programme(GTSPP) data were merged on a seasonal basis based on the data interpolating variational analysis(DIVA) method to reconstruct the three-dimensional temperature structure. There is a warm eddy in the central subsurface at 12.5°N, 111°E below300 m depth in spring, which does not exist in autumn and is weak in winter and summer. From CSIRO Atlas of Regional Seas(CARS) and Generalized Digital Environment Model(GDEM) reanalysis data, this subsurface warm eddy is also verified in spring. 相似文献
7.
浙江沿岸春季上升流的数值研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用三维斜压非线性数值模式ROMS(Regional Ocean Modeling System),在浙江沿岸特殊地形的基础上综合考虑风场、台湾暖流、潮流以及长江径流等可变因子,对春季浙江沿岸上升流进行了数值研究。研究结果表明,浙江沿岸春季存在上升流,且上升流以带状分布在浙江近岸海域,在渔山列岛附近(28.40°N,122.00°E)以及舟山群岛附近(30.70°N,122.60°~123.00°E)存在2个上升流中心。风、台湾暖流和潮动力是影响浙江沿岸春季上升流的重要因子,其中风和台湾暖流对浙江沿岸整条上升流带均有影响;潮动力仅对28.60°N 纬度线以北至舟山群岛附近的上升流以及2个上升流中心的强度存在影响;长江径流对2个上升流中心、舟山群岛及长江口附近的上升流有一定影响。通过对浙江沿岸海域流场的分析可以发现,舟山群岛附近底层各等深线上水体向岸运动的速度比周围海域的大,跨越底层各等深线向上涌升的趋势更明显,间接反映了舟山群岛附近的上升流强度相对较强。对于舟山群岛附近的上升流而言,30 m深度以浅的海域,科氏力、水平平流作用与垂直粘性力是上升流形成的主要动力, 30 m深度以深的海域,上升流形成的主要动力为科氏力与压强梯度力,此时水平平流作用和垂直粘性力对上升流的影响较弱。 相似文献
8.
结合遥感调查、现场定位,辅以文献检索、函调、电子邮件、电话等调查方式分析了4种米草属植物自引种以来在我国海岸带分布的历史及现状,结果表明,因人类围垦活动、大米草(Spartina anglica)的自身退化以及与互花米草存在生态位竞争关系,大米草在全国海岸带的分布面积不足16hm2,呈退化趋势。大绳草(Spartina cynosuriodes)尚未在实验地种植,狐米草(Spartina patens)仅在苏北、天津市的部分区域有少量种植。这两种米草没有对本土生态系统造成入侵威胁。互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)自1979年引种以来在全国海岸带被广泛种植,后经自然扩散,目前面积已达34451 hm2。结合我国的海岸带特征与互花米草的生态位,可以把其生长区域明显分为三部分:一是福建省福鼎市以南的海岸带滩涂,可能与红树林潜在的生态位竞争有关系;二是河口区域,如在长江口的崇明东滩,互花米草与本土植物表现出明显的竞争关系;三是在其他滩涂区域,该物种可能对本土生态系统造成一定程度的影响,在某些区域可能已经表现出一定的入侵性,但是其带来的促淤造陆、保滩护岸等巨大的生态效益也不应忽视。由于我国海岸带地质地貌类型复杂,互花米草在不同区域表现出不同的定植和扩散能力,与本土植被的竞争关系也明显不同。因此,在评价互花米草所造成的生态后果时,应从不同的角度出发进行全面、系统、客观、公正地评价。 相似文献
9.
Abraham Golik 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,15(3):267-276
A fortnightly sampling of tar balls on six beaches along the Israeli coastline between 14 April 1975 and 25 June 1976 showed that the mean content of tar during that period was 3625 g m?1 of beach front. The northern and central parts of the coast were significantly more polluted than the southern part. Between July 1975 and February 1976 the mean tar quantity decreased continuously from 5635 to 1344 g m?1.A comparison of tar quantities on the Israeli beaches with those of other beaches in the world showed that the Israeli beaches are more polluted than those of the west Atlantic coast, are as polluted as other beaches on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, and are less polluted than the beaches of Alexandria, Egypt, and Paphos, Cyprus. It is suggested that the tar content on the beach is related to the degree of oil pollution in the sea. The closer a beach is to an oil shipping lane or an oil dumping site, the heavier it is polluted.During storms, beach tar balls are pushed by the waves to the back of the beach or, in the case of a cliffed coast, are carried along the shore by the longshore current. When the tar balls reach a gap in the cliff (such as an estuary), they are carried inland by the storm waves. There the tar may become buried or dry, shrink and break into small particles which are then dispersed by the wind. 相似文献
10.
11.
台风作用下淤泥质海岸动力地貌响应 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
基于200509号麦莎台风(近似百年一遇)作用前后杭州湾北岸龙泉-南竹港实测的海岸地形和水文资料,利用分形技术、冲刷深度和闭合水深等相关概念分析淤泥质海岸的剖面变化、岸线进退以及地形冲淤,进而探讨海岸响应台风作用的动力地貌行为.结果表明:1)台风作用前后的海岸动力地貌过程表现为水下类似沙坝的堆积体削平、凹处填洼,水下平台发育锯齿或较小的坝--槽,海岸剖面的分维数降低,剖面坡度处于平缓;2)麦莎台风对海床的整体冲淤幅度不大,这可能是由于研究区大潮讯的增水致使波浪对海床的塑造能力减弱以及码头的遮蔽作用造成;3)台风作用对海岸的冲刷深度约为0.8 m,闭合水深为9.5 m,近岸-1 m邻近区成为海岸响应台风作用最敏感的地带;泥沙主要在0 m到闭合水深区间的海床发生纵、横向运移. 相似文献
12.
随着我国外向型经济战略深入实施,海洋资源及其区位优势成为了决定工业化进程的重要因素.重化工布局和人口进一步向沿海地区聚集成为经济发展必然趋势,而海岸地区是生态环境的脆弱区域,因此,必须通过确定海岸区域的基本功能,来引导海岸区域保护与开发活动,以实现经济、社会和生态效益最大化.以天津市为例,分析了海岸开发利用存在问题.在... 相似文献
13.
台湾海峡西岸地面风气候变化分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1961—2005年台湾海峡西部沿岸平潭、崇武、东山及厦门等4个气象代表站的地面风观测资料，通过计算各代表站的年、季、月平均风速气候趋势系数和各风向频率趋势，较详细地分析了近45a来台湾海峡西部沿岸地面风的气候变化特征．结果表明：（1）近45a来各代表站年平均风速呈明显减小趋势，其中秋、冬、春季平均风速减小趋势明显，夏季风速减小趋势不明显．（2）海峡西部沿岸主导风向有沿海岸线由北向南顺转的特点．（3）海峡西部沿岸地面风速在上世纪80年代初存在着气候突变现象，80年代中期后年平均风速减小明显． 相似文献
14.
用沿岸上升流指数分析中国东南沿岸风生上升流的特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对1968年1月到2007年12月中国东南沿海(17°N～30°N,109°E～123°E)上升流指数月平均数据进行分析,结论如下:(1)风生沿岸上升流主要在4-8月间发生于海南岛东部、雷州半岛东部、汕头以北至浙江沿岸.(2)风生沿岸上升流的强度具有时空分布变化特征,其中海南岛东部沿岸上升流最强,浙江沿岸其次;整个中国... 相似文献
15.
The distributional patterns were analyzed for 43 species and 33 genera of echinoderms in the Laptev and East Siberian seas
and for 59 species and 35 genera of the asteroid species in the Arctic Ocean. The probable colonization route through the
Arctic was suggested for each species based on (1) the distributional patterns of the Arctic species, (2) the distributional
patterns of the closely related species, and (3) the location of the center of the diversity of the species belonging to a
certain genus. The species of the Pacific origin prevailed in the asteroid fauna of the Arctic seas. The asteroid species
diversity and the ratio of the species of Pacific origin decreased from the Barents towards the Laptev Sea and increased,
respectively, in the East Siberian and the Chukchee seas. The species range limits were found for 19 species in the East Siberian
Sea compared to only 3 species in the Laptev Sea. The East Siberian Sea was a limiting area for the dispersal of four species
groups: (1) invaders from the North Pacific dispersing along the Asian coast of the Arctic (shallow-water stenobathic species),
(2) invaders from the North Pacific dispersing along the American coast of the Arctic and further on back into the Arctic
along the Eurasian coast (secondarily Atlantic species); (3) originally invaders from the Northern Atlantic; (4) representatives
of the Arctic autochthonous fauna. A great width of the biotic boundaries (i.e., the zones of the species range boundaries
crowding) was typical for the Arctic Basin, which was a sign of their young geological age. 相似文献
16.
辽宁沿海巨蛎属牡蛎的分布 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
作者采用多重种特异性PCR(multiplex species-specific PCR)技术,研究了巨蛎属(Crassostrea)牡蛎在辽宁沿海的分布。从辽宁沿海的共11个采样点共采集802个牡蛎样本,通过对COI基因的扩增,随机检测了其中的531个牡蛎样本,结果517个个体为长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas),14个为近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis),未发现其他巨蛎属牡蛎。结果表明,辽宁沿海有长牡蛎和近江牡蛎等2种巨蛎属牡蛎分布,其中长牡蛎为优势种,分布于潮间带和潮下带,近江牡蛎为稀有种,分布于潮下带,而且在黄海和渤海海域均有分布。 相似文献
17.
厦门大学海洋与地球学院，近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室。摘要：本文通过分析2016年春季航次在浙江中部海域3条断面的观测资料，结果表明：（1）在断面的10~25米层左右观测到了"中层冷水"现象以及在上层观测到微弱的上升流；（2）在浙江中部海域的上层观测到较弱的上升流；（3）春季，在浙江中部海域观测到了丰富的温跃层、逆温跃层以及盐跃层现象。（4）台湾暖流水向上爬坡对跃层的变化有一定的影响，使得跃层厚度变小，跃层强度加强，但是强度并不足以冲破跃层到达表层。 相似文献
18.
Fishery along the west coast of India largely depends on pelagic fish such as oil sardines, which are dominant during the south‐west monsoon. However, the response of sardine population to the warming caused by the climatic events such as El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is poorly studied. Here, we hypothesize that the ENSO‐related changes in biogeochemistry can adversely affect the oil sardines. We have used biogeochemical data collected along the Kerala coast during September 2015 (ENSO year) and September 2017 (a normal year) supported by catch per unit effort (CPUE) and fishery landing data to show the ENSO‐related bio‐physical dynamics and its impact on the oil sardine population along the south‐west coast of India. During the 2015 ENSO year, upwelling velocity decreased minimizing cooling of surface waters and resulted with an increase in sea surface temperature (SST) (~1.8°C). Consequent decrease in nutrient levels favoured nano‐phytoplankton and pico‐phytoplankton. On the other hand, during September 2017 when the ENSO effect was nullified, the decreased SST and availability of nutrients in the euphotic zone resulted in the dominance of micro‐phytoplankton. The hydrographic conditions (reduction in upwelling intensity), and reduction in micro‐phytoplankton abundance and zooplankton density in turn perhaps affected the fishery potential of the region. Oil sardines population (along the west coast) collapsed from 1.55 lakh tones (2014) to 0.46 lakh tones during 2015–2016 ENSO event, while in 2017 the conditions become favorable and their population was back to normal (1.27 lakh tones). Our results are in close agreement with our hypothesis and suggest that ENSO events could reduce phytoplankton productivity and disrupt the food chain, which in turn can affect the oil sardine population along the west coast of India. 相似文献
19.
《Marine Policy》2014
EU policy geared towards the sustainable development of European coastal areas has incorporated Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) as one of its primary mechanisms to achieve its goal. However, critical shortcomings in the ICZM paradigm have emerged. In particular, incoherence in the European Commission's ICZM principles with respect to local and strategic objectives remains an issue. Additionally, a lack of scientific certainty about environmental processes when determining the environmental pros and cons of alternative coastal-management decisions undermines environmentally protective decisions that may otherwise hinder local regional development. With these issues in mind, a Biodiversity Portfolio Analysis (BPA) is applied to Iarras Aithneach, a peninsula on the west coast of Ireland, to test its suitability as tool for ICZM. In addition, the paper uses the BPA methodology to explore the contrast between scientific/strategic and local attitudes towards the management of a coastal area of environmental importance. Pronounced differences between the two are found and the implications for both BPA and ICZM are discussed. The spatial and participatory nature of the BPA process and the explicit treatment of risk the framework exhibits suggest there is scope for it to become a useful tool for ICZM. It also has the potential to act as a routine way of quantifying the “attitude gap” between the scientific community and the local community when managing a unique coastal area. 相似文献
20.
《Marine Policy》2014
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) development is described here in the broader context of European coastal management initiatives. The European approach to coastal governance revolves around the principles of ICZM, as enshrined in EC Recommendation 2002/413/EC. This study investigates the extent to which the FP6 funded project SPICOSA (Science Policy Integration for Coastal Systems Assessment) was able to implement these principles. The SPICOSA project aimed to test whether it was possible to develop and implement a systems approach framework via delivery of a structured engagement process between scientists and policymakers. A survey of representatives from 14 European study sites involved in the project revealed that the approach had been effective at implementing some ICZM principles, particularly the “holistic approach”. However, not all principles were fully implemented at all sites and the most challenging to implement was that of “a long term approach”. The paper concludes with a critical consideration of the role of a systems approach framework in progressing the current state of intellectual assent towards practical implementation of ICZM principles. The findings provide evidence of contributions and limitations of systems approaches to sustainability science and good governance. 相似文献