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1.
F. C. Beavis 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1-2):191-204
Two bores were drilled in the weathered zone of a Precambrian dolomite at Fowler's Gap, 100 km N of Broken Hill, New South Wales. Five weathering units have been distinguished: fresh dolomite; weathered dolomite, type B; weathered dolomite, type A; ferricrete; and surface hardened dolomite. Physical and mechanical properties show variation throughout the weathering profile, and are related to the fabric of the rock, especially to the fracturing intensity, which is a function of degree of weathering; and to secondary surface silicification. A tentative engineering classification of the weathered dolomite is proposed. 相似文献
2.
The results of a surface rock chip sampling study over a small distal volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit at Limerick, N.S.W., Australia are presented and compared with drill core and soil geochemical patterns. Major element halos are narrow in comparison to the pervasive patterns reported from major proximal deposits. Narrow zones of Mg and K enhancement are associated with sulphide mineralization. High levels of Na occur in these rocks in contrast to the regularly described pattern of Na depletion. Weathering, particularly in the presence of sulphides, has resulted in the leaching of Ca, Na and, to a lesser extent, K from surface rock chip samples, whereas Fe, Pb and Zn contents are enhanced compared to those in fresh rocks. Despite the problems of sample heterogeneity, variable weathering and the limited extent of alteration halos which exist in this environment, surface lithogeochemical methods in comparable situations may be useful in the confirmation and interpretation of soil geochemical anomalies. 相似文献
3.
利用原生晕找盲矿的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在广泛收集和充分研究AQ铜矿三号矿体地表及钻孔岩石地球化学基本资料的基础上,利用现代地球化学勘探方法,对该矿体的地球化学异常特征作了详细描述。矿体周围原生晕发育,由Pb、Zn、Ba、Mn、Co、Mo、Cn组成,元素垂直分带明显,通过分带指数计算,元素自地表至深处排列顺序依次为:Pb-Zn-Ba-Mn-Co-Mo-Cu。在此基础上总结出了地球化学找矿指标,对在矿体边部发现的地球化学异常及邻区两矿化点异常作了解释和评价,均具有实际找矿意义。 相似文献
4.
Robert G. Barnes 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1-2):225-239
The Early‐Middle Proterozoic Broken Hill Block contains three types of W occurrences, which show close stratigraphic control. All three types occur within a relatively narrow stratigraphic interval (the ‘Mine Sequence’ Suite of Stevens et al., 1980) comprising a highly variable group of metamorphosed silicic and mafic volcanics, clastic sediments, and exhalative and chemical sediments containing base metals. The first type includes occurrences of W and base metals in bedded calc‐silicate rocks. In the second type, W occurs in layered to non‐layered calcsilicate rocks associated with amphibolite; these are intimately associated in a narrow stratigraphic interval containing abundant, small, Broken Hill type deposits. The third type comprises stratabound, W‐bearing pegmatites, which have been remobilised from quartz‐feldspar‐biotite gneiss and bedded quartz‐tourmaline rocks. Tungsten has been mined only from the third type and only in small quantities. The three types of tungsten deposits show a close spatial relationship with stratiform and stratabound Pb‐Zn mineralisation, including the Broken Hill type. The Pb‐Zn and W deposits are inferred to be genetically related. 相似文献
5.
Adriana Heimann Paul G. Spry Graham S. Teale Colin H. H. Conor Norman J. Pearson 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,101(1-2):49-74
Garnet-rich rocks occur throughout the Proterozoic southern Curnamona Province, Australia, where they are, in places, spatially related to Broken Hill-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits. Fine-scale bedding in these rocks, their conformable relationship with enclosing metasedimentary rocks, and their enrichment in Mn and Fe suggest that they are metamorphosed chemical precipitates. They formed on the floor of a 1.69?Ga continental rift basin from hydrothermal fluids mixed with seawater and detritus. Garnet in garnet-quartz and garnet-amphibole rocks is generally light rare earth element (LREE) depleted, and has flat heavy REE (HREE) enriched chondrite-normalized REE patterns, and negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*?<?1). Garnet in garnet-rich rocks from the giant Broken Hill deposit has similar REE patterns and either positive (Eu/Eu*?>?1) or negative Eu anomalies. Manganese- and Mn-Ca-rich, Fe-poor garnets in garnetite, garnet-hedenbergite, and garnet-cummingtonite rocks at Broken Hill have Eu/Eu*?>?1, whereas garnet in Mn-poor, Fe-rich quartz garnetite and quartz-garnet-gahnite rocks from Broken Hill, and quartz garnetite from other locations have Eu/Eu*?<?1. The REE patterns of garnet and its host rock and interelement correlations among REEs and major element contents in garnet and its host rock indicate that the Eu anomaly in garnet reflects that of its host rock and is related to the major element composition of garnet and its host rock. The value of Eu/Eu* in garnet is related to its Mn, Fe, and Ca content and that of its host rock, and the distribution of REEs among garnet and accessory phases (e.g., feldspar). Positive Eu anomalies reflect high amounts of Eu that was preferentially incorporated into Mn- and Mn-Ca-rich oxides and carbonates in the protolith. In contrast, Eu/Eu*?<?1 indicates the preferential discrimination against Eu by Fe-rich, Mn-poor precursor minerals. Precursors to Mn-rich garnets at Broken Hill formed by precipitation from cooler and more oxidized hydrothermal fluids compared to those that formed precursors to Mn-poor, Fe-rich garnet at Broken Hill and the other locations. Garnet from the Broken Hill deposit is enriched in Zn (> 400?ppm), Cr (> 140?ppm), and Eu (up to 6?ppm and positive Eu anomalies), and depleted in Co, Ti, and Y compared to garnet in garnet-rich rocks from other localities. These values, as well as MnO contents ?>?15 wt. % and Eu/Eu*?>?1 are only found at the Broken Hill deposit and are good indicators of the presence of Broken Hill-type mineralization. 相似文献
6.
中国金的地球化学省及其成因的微观解释 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用全国1:20万区域化探扫面600×104km2和东天山、中蒙边界1:100万地球化学填图86×104km2的金分析数据,在全国圈定了15处金的地球化学省集中区,并发现与金矿成矿带或大型矿集区有关的地球化学省都具有多层套合结构特征。这种具有多层套合特征的地球化学省的形成是由高背景岩石、成矿作用和矿床风化产生的次生分散相互叠加的结果。高背景岩石提供了成矿元素的初始物源,成矿过程使得元素的进一步活化和富集,矿床风化产生元素的点源分散进一步形成叠加异常浓集中心,最后形成了具有多层套合的地球化学异常。通过使用微米和纳米观测手段发现地球化学样品中存在大量微米至纳米级金微粒,这种金微粒具有极强的活动性,能被各种营力作长距离搬运,形成了大规模具有多层套合特征的金地球化学省。 相似文献
7.
M.D. Petersen 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1983,19(1-3)
Mineralogical and geochemical data of surface rocks of the Mid-Proterozoic Pecos greenstone belt in Northern New Mexico and results of drill core data of the Jones Hill deposit are presented and discussed within the geological framework derived from detailed geological mapping. Over 800 rock samples were analyzed for 25 elements (all major and several trace elements) and the lithologies were mineralogically and petrographically determined. The results show that the stratigraphic sequence of the Jones Hill deposit is composed of felsic pyroclastics, exhalites and pyroclastics of mafic and mixed felsic-mafic origin, upon which are superimposed certain alteration effects.In volcanic rocks of felsic origin Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, As are enriched and Na, Ca, Sr are clearly depleted when compared with their unaltered source rocks (Table I). Zirconium and Ti are found to be relatively immobile during alteration and subsequent intrusive, deformational and metamorphic events.Alteration trends, best defined by the Na2O/MgO ratios and systematic metal zoning, confirm that the stratigraphic sequence is overturned. Lithogeochemical anomalies outline a target which is bigger (over 300 m) and more precisely defined than do other methods, mapping of alteration assemblages or soil geochemistry.New important aspects have evolved from this study, which are applicable to rock geochemical exploration and the recognition of alteration/mineralization anomalies in general. Ratios of Zr/TiO2 can be shown to reflect the primary pre-alteration-premetamorphic composition of metavolcanic rocks (including shallow intrusives, flows, tuffs, and volcaniclastics). This ratio also enables the determination of the original composition of variably altered rocks of identical parentage (source rock). This determination is a fundamental prerequisite for the recognition and quantification of alteration trends. Direct applications are, for example, that apparently similar chlorite schists derived through hydrothermal alteration, metamorphism, and deformation Zr/TiO2 ratio of 0.04 (and greater); however chlorite schists derived from mafic volcanic sources and metamorphosed without much hydrothermal alteration have a much lower Zr/TiO2 ratio of 0.0075 (and less). The altered rock related to massive sulphide alteration can thus be recognized and distinguished from similar rocks of different origin. In addition, the relative concentrations of the immobile elements Zr and Ti are useful in making stratigraphic correlations in structurally complex terrain such as the Pecos greenstone belt.The assumption of a relative immobility of these elements in samples from Jones Hill is supported by the following observation:
- 1. (1) The TiO2 and Zr values of Jones Hill rocks fall in narrow clusters (Fig. 1) as opposed to a random scatter plot.
- 2. (2) The element abundances (ratios) are very similar to: (a) granite (Type A), fresh felsic volcanics (Type A) of the same area and same age (Table I) and basalt (Type B) of the same area; and (b) fresh basalts and rhyolites reported from young volcanic island arcs.
- 3. (3) Highly altered chlorite schists directly underlying the main ore horizon and within the ore horizon, display Zr/TiO2 ratios identical to less altered felsic rocks in the foot wall.
8.
Lead isotope measurements on gossans may be used as an exploration tool for Pb-Zn-Cu deposits of the “stratiform” type. The method is based on the homogeneous isotopic composition of stratiform orebodies and the close fit of their ratios to the so-called “growth curve”. These features also characterize oxidized outcrops. (gossans) of the primary sulphide ore. The retention of homogeneous Pb isotope ratios during oxidation was tested and proved for true gossans derived from known mineralization in which there was a variation in vertical depth from gossan to primary sulphide, different ages and different geological environments. The deposits included Pb-Zn-Cu (Woodlawn), Pb-Zn (Broken Hill), Zn-Pb (Dugald River), Zn-Cu-Pb (Currawang).The method has been extended to distinguish true gossans from false (pseudo) gossans where the base metals and associated trace elements have been scavenged from the surrounding rocks. It has also been applied to a company exploration program in which a number of ironstone cappings had been drilled and other geochemical information was available. Diamond drilling indicated that five prospects were barren, i.e. underlain by iron sulphides devoid of significant base metal mineralization. On the Pb isotope data, three of the prospects would be rejected; a fourth shows a particularly high potential and is worthy of further exploration, whilst the fifth initially showed high potential but a comparison of gossan and sulphide Pb isotope data after drilling suggests that the drill hole was sited on the fringes of economic mineralization.The Pb isotope method may be utilized further in exploration at the drilling stage. If sulphides are intersected, Pb isotopes may be used to distinguish barren sulphides from those with economic potential, even though they both may contain similar base metal concentrations. 相似文献
9.
Alan B. Blaxland 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1974,38(6):843-852
Major element, Rb, Sr and Sr isotope abundances were examined in an ancient (Cambrian) weathering zone in the Butler Hill Granite, Missouri. Most of the major elements behaved predictably and systematically as a result of weathering intensity. MgO and the alkalis (Na2O and K2O) show highly erratic variations in both fresh and weathered rocks, suggesting considerable initial heterogeneity in the composition of biotite and feldspar. Rb predictably follows the behaviour of K during weathering (showing erratic variations similar to K), whereas Sr follows Ca (decreasing steadily as a result of weathering intensity). A method is postulated to date ancient weathering episodes using Rb-Sr data from a sequence of fresh to highly weathered samples. Data from the Butler Hill Granite (1185 m.y.) lend support to the proposed dating technique but show that more detailed sampling of the most intensely weathered regions is needed to produce more accurate results in future studies. 相似文献
10.
云南毛坪铅锌矿床位于著名的川滇黔铅锌成矿带的北部,严格受地层岩性与断裂构造控制。矿体主要赋存于上泥盆统宰格组与上石炭统黄龙组白云岩、白云质灰岩中,受控于近北东向毛坪逆断裂与石门坎倒转背斜。然而,近来野外地质调查发现,与区域主构造线（北东-南西走向）呈大角度相交的近南北向横向断裂与铅锌矿化也存在密切的联系。本文通过大比例尺地质填图与构造蚀变岩成矿元素地球化学分析,从地质与地球化学两方面论证了该类横向断裂几何学与运动学特征及其与铅锌矿化、热液蚀变的关系。构造解析表明,毛坪铅锌矿床横向断裂表现为近南北走向、陡倾向东的正断层;成矿元素地球化学分析结果显示,近南北向断裂带的构造蚀变岩具有极其显著的Pb、Zn异常以及较明显的Ge、Cd、Ga、In异常。结合前人研究成果,认为近南北向横向断裂控制了白云石化、热液角砾岩化、铅锌矿化的空间产状与展布,是主要的导矿构造;近北东向石门坎背斜的层间破碎带是主要的容矿构造。 相似文献
11.
The regolith in the Mt Isa region of Queensland consists of a variety of saprolites and duricrusts developed on Proterozoic basement rocks and fresh to weathered Mesozoic, Tertiary and Quaternary cover, all of which has impeded base metals exploration. This paper presents an overview of some of the regolith-geochemical work conducted in the Mt Isa region as part of an industry-supported three year CRC LEME/AMIRA Project. A complex weathering and landscape history has produced a landscape of (a) continuously exposed and exhumed basement rocks that have undergone varying intensities of weathering and partial stripping; (b) weathered and locally eroded Mesozoic cover sequences and (c) areas with younger transported cover concealing basement and Mesozoic cover. Various regolith sample media have been evaluated at a number of prospects and deposits which represent different regolith-landform terrains and landscape history. Geochemical dispersion processes and models are presented and false anomalies explained.Where ferruginous duricrust or ferruginous nodular gravel are preserved on weathered bedrock on an eroded plateau, they exhibit large (> 500 m) multi-element (As, Pb, Sb) dispersion haloes and are useful sampling media. Dispersion haloes in truncated profiles on weathered bedrock covered with colluvium are restricted, are limited to tens of metres from subcrop of the source, and contrast to the extensive anomalies in ferruginous duricrust and nodules. Geochemical exploration in covered areas depends on the possible presence of dispersion through the sediments or leakage along faults or fractures, but may be complicated by high metal backgrounds in the sediments themselves. Some of the most prominent anomalies occur in ferruginous materials and soils representing emergent residual terrain developed on Mesozoic sediments. These are largely due to weathering of sulfide mineralization that continued during submergence in a marine environment, with hydromorphic dispersion into the sediments as they accumulated. Multi-element (Cu, As, Zn, Sb, Au) anomalies occur in basal sediments and at the unconformity, due to a combination of clastic and hydromorphic dispersion and represent a useful sample target. Metal-rich horizons in weathered sediments, higher in the sequence, can also be targeted, particularly by specifically sampling ferruginous units and fragments. However, these are less certainly related to mineralization. Zinc and Cu, concentrated in Fe (and Mn) oxides at redox fronts, may be derived by leaching from the sediments with concentration in the sesquioxides, and be unrelated to any proximal basement mineralization. In all these regolith-dominated terrains, a clear understanding of local geomorphology, regolith framework, topography of unconformities and the origins of ferruginous materials is essential to sample medium selection and data interpretation. 相似文献
12.
以较详细的资料论述了秦岭凤太矿田层控铅锌(铜)矿床的主要成矿特征。包括反映成矿地质环境、成矿方式、成矿物质来源和成矿物理化学条件等方面的特征,据上述综合特征提出了海底喷气-沉积成矿模式。 相似文献
13.
John R. Richards 《Mineralium Deposita》1975,10(4):287-301
Gas-source intercomparison data from three Precambrian locations, reproducing to within 0.1 to 0.2 percent in each ratio at the 95 percent level, have been normalized through the Broken Hill standard to the NBS lead, SRM 981. The bedded Pb-Zn deposits at Mount Isa and McArthur River show the marked isotopic uniformity long associated with major stratiform deposits. At Mount Isa this uniformity extends meridionally for at least 35 km, and over the full depth of the host formation. It encompasses samples of fault-fill sulphides within the mine area, thus emphasizing the dominance of the ore lead during subsequent remobilization. At McArthur River there is strong evidence that veins cutting the adjacent formations comprise a mixture of ore Pb with material of different provenance; the evidence for comparable mixtures at Mount Isa is not strong. At the intervening Law Hill field, the Pb in vein deposits is similar to the more extreme of the McArthur River vein leads. This could possibly indicate a geochemical and age similarity between the source rocks in these two widely-separated areas. 相似文献
14.
Barite, iron oxide, sulphide, and argentiferous base metal veins occur within the granitic basement of the island of Mykonos, Greece; these veins horsetail where they enter outliers of volcanic-sedimentary rocks which are impregnated with sulphides. Surface rock geochemical surveys were conducted on a regional scale of one sample per 2 to 3 km2 and on a local detailed scale down to sample intervals of 25 m; in addition, samples were taken from underground workings and diamond drill core. Major surface halos, kilometres in extent, occur, whereas underground dispersion around veins is limited to a few tens of metres. This apparent contradiction is attributed to the extreme oxidative weathering and local topography. The regional scale surface anomaly is attributed to secondary dispersion in weathered rocks. 相似文献
15.
地球化学分区标准化方法在区域化探信息提取中的应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
从区域化探数据中提取找矿地球化学信息是目前化探工作的重要研究课题,地球化学背景与异常划分是提取找矿地球化学信息的关键。水系沉积物是岩石风化的产物,是上游汇水盆地物质的天然组合,在化学成分上与上游汇水盆地岩石组成具有明显的继承性。水系沉积物中成矿成晕元素含量与常量元素含量之间亦有着密切关系。笔者基于水系沉积物样品特点,采用地球化学分区标准化方法圈定地球化学异常。研究发现,利用常量元素进行地球化学分区是可行的;分区标准化数据处理可以有效地压抑高背景区非矿异常,并强化低背景区矿致异常,突出了找矿信息。以成矿成晕元素标准化数据的因子得分圈定矿化类型综合异常,集中体现了矿致异常信息。 相似文献
16.
张家口北部是河北省重要的铅锌银多金属矿床富集区.区内多金属矿床成矿作用和控矿因素相似,矿化形成均与燕山期酸性小岩体侵入变质结晶基底有关.区域多金属矿床化探异常具可对比性.化探异常图显示区内多金属矿床与化探异常在地表总体呈现无偏性空间分布特征,化探数据因子分析结果表明成矿元素相关性在水系沉积物中未发生改变.据此可将原生晕中依据不同元素组合识别矿体剥蚀程度的思路运用于1:20万化探数据,以此识别区域多金属矿床剥蚀程度.本文以张家口研究程度较高的蔡家营多金属矿床为例,选用可有效识别矿体剥蚀程度的(Bi+V+Ba)/(B+Sb+U)、(U/Th)元素比值,将区域化探数据用于多金属矿床剥蚀程度分析,结果显示区内多金属矿床均出露于剥蚀强度较高区域,受到不同程度的剥蚀.累加NAP值方法显示兰闫多金属矿床剥蚀程度最高,蔡家营、青羊沟矿床剥蚀程度明显降低.区内多金属矿床多分布于岩石风化程度较高的变质结晶基底出露区域及其周边.火山岩盖层下伏变质岩中多金属矿床多呈隐伏-半隐伏状态分布,应是区内下步多金属矿床找矿方向. 相似文献
17.
At Norseman Au mineralization is hosted by parallel easterly dipping quartz reefs in a westerly dipping sequence of Archaean basaltic flows and As is strongly correlated with this mineralization. Near-surface exploration is hampered by an extensive cover of deeply weathered soils and a veneer of silty calcareous material, probably of aeolian origin, which, because of its low Fe content of < 5%, has a very low (< 10 ppm) and often indiscernible As signature over mineralization. At a test traverse over the southern end of the Mararoa quartz reef, drill sampling to 10 m depth in highly weathered in situ material beneath the calcareous veneer produced As anomalies which are strongly correlated with the extrapolation to surface of a shear zone hosting Au mineralization which is probably blind. The As anomalies can be extended into the surface horizon by manipulating the data to compensate for the low Fe content of the calcareous layer.The Au values in the drill samples were very low and poorly correlated with the extrapolation to surface of the Mararoa shear. However, the absence of a Au halo (at a 10 ppb detection limit) may be due to the shear being barren near surface, or may be due to the samples being taken from the strongly leached zones of a laterite profile. In the area of the test traverse at the southern Mararoa area, the upper horizons of the original laterite profile have been eroded away and the remaining horizons covered by a veneer of calcareous material. There is a better correlation of the Au values of the shallow drill samples with the projection to surface of a porphyry, which hosts minor low-grade Au mineralization.The results for Au dispersion around the Mararoa shear contrast with dispersion at the nearby Hinemoa Mine where gold mineralization crops out. Channel sampling in costeans showed that an Au anomaly (threshold 40 ppb) extends 50 to 150 m into oxidized wall rocks. This well defined halo may be due to the secondary dispersion of Au from the quartz reef into the ferruginous zone of the laterite profile.Gold in the leaves and twigs of Melaleuca pauperiflora F. Muell. from the traverse at the southern end of the Mararoa shear was determined by neutron activation analysis and found to be broadly correlated with the projected Au mineralization. However, the lack of correlation with the soil Au values to 10 m may be due to the plants taking up most of their water from below the depth of sampling. 相似文献
18.
Leucocratic quartzofeldspathic gneisses form a significant proportion of the lower part of the Palaeoproterozoic Willyama Supergroup sequence in the Olary Block, South Australia and have correlatives in the adjacent Broken Hill Block. Field and geochemical data demonstrate that these rocks were originally rhyolitic volcanics and granite, with A-type affinities consistent with magma production during intracratonic rifting, supporting tectonic models proposed for the Willyama Supergroup in the Broken Hill Block. Although the rocks have characteristic high-field-strength element enrichment, many have undergone extensive pervasive pre- or syn-metamorphic sodic alteration and are typically rich in albite.
Sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon data tightly constrain the depositional and early intrusive history. Zircons from an interpreted metavolcanic rock containing relict quartz phenocrysts yield an age of 1699 ± 10 Ma, whereas a metagranitoid sample has an age of 1703 ± 6 Ma. These results are compatible with recent geochronological data on felsic metavolcanic rocks from the Broken Hill Block (Page and Laing, 1992) and are indicative of widespread magmatism during deposition of the Willyama Supergroup. Nd signatures for the two Olary Block samples imply the presence of a significant component from a depleted mantle source.
The A-type metavolcanic rocks are locally associated with small iron formations, some of which grade into stratiform barite-rich horizons. Although potentially favourable for sediment-hosted exhalative PbZn mineralisation, the Fe- and Ba-rich units, along with transgressive vein and breccia occurrences of Fe oxides ± quartz ± pyrite cutting both the metavolcanic and metagranitoid rocks, may be more prospective for epigenetic Cu-Au mineralisation related to later metamorphic and/or magmatic events. Partial melting of the A-type suite during high grade regional metamorphism at ˜ 1600 ± 20 Ma led to the formation of local volumes of sodic granitoids and pegmatites containing U-Th-Ti-REE-F mineralisation. 相似文献
19.
The two known massive Cu-Zn sulphide deposits in the steeply dipping strata of the Golden Grove District of Western Australia — the Gossan Hill Deposit and Scuddles Prospect — both have a multi-element secondary geochemical dispersion halo in the pisolitic layer of laterite of probable Tertiary age. The Gossan Hill geochemical anomaly is about 1.5 × 2 km and has a Bi-Sn-Mo-In-Sb-As-Cu-Au association. Mean compositions of pisolitic laterite samples range from 4 to 18 times background, with maxima for Bi, Sn and Mo reaching 90 to 100 times background. Relief of Gossan Hill, which rises some 80 m above the laterite plain, would have favoured dispersion during lateritization. Nevertheless at Scuddles, where the laterite surface has only a gentle slope across strike, an anomaly in pisolitic laterite measures 1 to 1.5 by 1.5 to 2.0 km. The anomalous association, Bi-Sn-Mo-Sb-As, is similar to that at Gossan Hill; the mean contents in pisolitic laterite samples from the Scuddles anomaly range from 2.3 to 8 times background, with maxima for Bi being 12 times background.At Gossan Hill, individual pisolites and the concretionary skins contain gossan fragments and cassiterite, indicating mechanical dispersion during interitization. However, anomalous Cu, Zn and As in goethites of the concretionary skins of pisolites and nodules from the centre of the anomaly indicate that there has also been hydromorphic dispersion.The geochemical characteristics of pisolitic laterite samples have been represented by empirically derived additive indices based on up to eleven chalcophile elements. One index is suggested as a method to increase anomaly size and simplify interpretation; a more specific index based on Bi, Sn and Se is suggested for defining more closely the actual centres of mineralization.For routine exploration of lateritic terrain where the dips of the host sequence are steep, 320-m spacing of samples on a triangular grid appears suitable for locating anomalies and generally defining their source. However, for reconnaissance exploration, the density of sampling could be significantly reduced for example to 1 km spacing. 相似文献