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本文比较研究了小白鼠对主峰频率200Hz的前兆性轰隆声和对粉红噪声的记忆反应。结果表明,小白鼠不仅能对这种地声信号产生明显的记忆反应,而且受训鼠对这种地声信号敏感性显著增高。 1.地声组(Gs.G.)和噪声组(N.G.)穿门反应的时间-强度曲线(TIC)都近似指数衰减。在1——5s內(SPL 10dB)的峰值强度分别为0.71和0.40。对照观察(Con.)的TIC近似随机事件的正态分布,1——5s內的反应强度仅为0.13,11——15s內的峰值强度为0.32。 2.地声组对10dB的地声信号穿门反应的潜伏期为2.450.5s,即比噪声组平均短0.86s;对10——30dB的地声信号穿门反应的潜伏期比噪声组约短2s。 3.地声组穿门反应的群体效应明显增高。以3只鼠和4只鼠的群体穿门反应的比率分別为Con.的1.6倍和2.9倍。 4.地声组的受试动物对250Hz纯音反应的TIC仍接近于对地声信号的反应,而对粉红噪声的反应明显地失去原来的反应特性。 相似文献
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本文根据近十年来我国地声观测的某些结果, 分析了地声的时-空分布特点, 并估计了透入基岩面上和水面中的声压.同时与震前动物异常特点, 以及与人和某些动物的听觉和振动感受器的敏感阈值进行了比较.最后, 对唐山余震期间同时段内鱼和地声活动的观察结果, 进行了相关分析.其结果如下:1.地声和动物异常的时-空分布图式基本相似, 并可认为都是临震前兆.2.三级左右地震震中附近地区, 地声透入基岩面上和水面中的声压, 在150——250赫芝频段内, 分别为23——19分贝和90——86分贝.由此可见, 人耳是不可能感觉到的, 但是通常在地面上栖息的猫、狗、雉和穴居的鼠是可能觉察到的, 而骨鳔鱼类可能优先于这些陆生动物觉察到水中的地声信息.同时, 基岩面位移的垂直振幅约为10-7厘米.这虽比某些动物的振动感受器的阈振幅约低3个数量级.但可推测, 在强烈地震前的地面位移的垂直振幅可达到或超过微米量级.这就可能为这些动物的振动感受器觉察到.3.相距约20公里的鱼和地声活动观察点, 同期内的观察结果表明, 它们共同反映了同一地区内的唐山余震活动.同时, 鱼和地声活动的日频度序列之间具有一定的互相关性. 相似文献
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基于我国青藏高原东北缘地区的5个地电场观测台站2015年以来的长时段地电场数据,首先使用求取两信号互相关函数的方法压制了大部分不相关电磁扰动,然后通过高通滤波和信号的频谱、自功率谱和互功率谱分析,得到了互相关分析后各台站的时频变化情况,结果显示在1 Hz采样数据中10-3—10-1 Hz部分可能含有地电脉动信号.同时通过对大武台原始数据进行小波变换分析,并将同时段地电场观测与相关频段的地磁场观测进行对比,结果表明,地球电场在该频段内表现出Pc3—5的特点,地电脉动成分占优势,且10-3—10-1 Hz频段的能量较高,这一现象可能与地球磁层和电离层辐射波的稳定性有关. 相似文献
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淮安地震台沙层应力仪器观测数据变化的特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用小波变换和傅里叶变换的分析方法对2009年5月至2012年6月淮安沙层应力数据进行频谱分析.发现:淮安台沙层仪器所记录数据中含有多个频率成份,其中低频信号频率以1.157 4×10-5 Hz附近信号最强,在2.314 8×10-5 Hz附近次之,高频信号频率在0.25～0.45 Hz之间.低频信号反映在日、月等引潮力的作用下固体地球产生的周期性潮汐变化的地壳形变特征;高频信号更多的反映地壳应力变化特征.淮安沙层应力观测数值变化不仅与其他沙层应力台站有相同变化形态和一致的年变规律,还与地震活动有较好的对应关系.沙层应力数据变化能反映大地震从孕育到发生的完整过程,一般具有上升、平稳、下降、回升发震等几个阶段. 相似文献
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根据大庆长垣北地区的地震参数(V0、β),建立视等厚层状吸收介质模型,选择200 Hz(主频)的雷克子波由浅至深计算地震反射波.计算结果表明,地层吸收衰减和球面扩散导致地震反射波振幅存在巨大差异,随深度增加振幅迅速衰减,地震仪记录信号的有效动态也迅速降低,但振幅的衰减主要发生在1.5 s前的中浅层.本文对地震仪采集站的前置放大器进行改进,设计一种智能程控型前置放大器,它的增益随深度自动增大,地层深度从0.5s~3.0 s,放大器的增益依次为0 dB、18 dB2、4 dB、30 dB3、6 dB和42dB,能够比较好地弥补地震反射波的振幅衰减.经该放大器放大以后,地震仪记录信号的有效动态均达到或超过110 dB,基本满足了高分辨率地震勘探对采集仪器记录动态的需要. 相似文献
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本文采取S变换时频分析方法, 对弱震区(河南及邻近地区)形变及重力数据进行时频谱计算。 对扰动事件、 地震响应、 可能的构造运动信息、 以及固体潮瞬时频率特征参数进行对比分析, 结果表明: 重力的干扰成分主要集中在0.3～0.5 Hz、 0.001～0.1 Hz频段, 其中部分振动干扰呈条带分布; 0.1～0.18 Hz频段可能包含有构造运动的信息; 0.1～0.18 Hz信号的能量变化、 固体潮瞬时频率特征参数可作为应力场变化的表征, 特别是作为形变及重力远场变化的表征, 具有较好的前兆意义。 相似文献
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《地震地质》2017,(5)
针对岩样在外载荷作用下失稳破坏前有声发射、微震和电荷等信号的异常变化特性,运用声发射、微震和电荷感应等全波形综合监测设备对含断层带花岗岩在单轴压缩下变形破裂过程的信号进行同步监测。结果表明:含断层带花岗岩在弹性变形阶段有明显的声发射、微震和电荷感应同步前兆信号,在试样失稳破坏阶段有同步的声发射、微震和电荷感应大幅值前兆信号。断层带对花岗岩试件强度的影响是显著的,含断层带试件的单轴抗压强度大大降低。随着断层带倾角的减小,试样的单轴抗压强度降低,岩样更容易失稳,失稳破坏的能量也更大。随着断层带倾角的减小,试样变形破裂过程的声发射、微震和电荷感应信号都增多,试样出现同步的前兆信号时的应力降低,在试样失稳破坏阶段声发射、微震和电荷感应前兆信号事件的持续时间都增大。断层带倾角30°时,声发射、微震和电荷感应信号突变性增加,进入危险阶段大大提前,大震级事件也显著增多,在矿井大倾角断层处更为危险。在试样失稳破坏阶段前同步产生密集且大幅值的声发射、微震和电荷感应信号,持续时间较短;在试样失稳破坏阶段同步产生密集且最强的声发射、微震和电荷感应信号,持续时间较长。声发射监测数据能较好地反映岩石的微小破裂情况,对声发射、微震和电荷感应前兆信号相结合分析,可以更准确地获得岩石失稳破坏的前兆信息。 相似文献
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深部地下空间具有低于地面的噪声环境,为开展高精度多物理场观测提供了绝佳平台.通过淮南潘一东矿区海拔-848 m的井下巷道和地面的地震联测,我们分析了深部地下与地面的地振动背景噪声特征.对比结果显示,大于1.0 Hz的高频段,地面噪声功率谱密度(Power Spectral Density, PSD)值高出地下20～40 dB,并呈现随人类活动变化的昼夜模式;而井下观测不存在这一时变规律,地下巷道上覆870 m厚的沉积层有效衰减了浅层或地表的人文噪声.0.1～1.0 Hz频段二者差异相对减小,地面PSD值平均高出地下10 dB.小于0.1 Hz的低频噪声差异较小,或与井下气流干扰和仪器本底噪声有关.在第二地脉动谱的对比中,可发现明显的场地放大效应和地脉动峰的分裂现象.此外,深部地下低噪声环境突显了若干高频非时变信号,根据频域极化分析可厘定这些稳定噪声为井下的固定振动源.上述结果说明深部地下可以为高精度地震观测和震源定位提供优良环境,同时也给深地实验室的后续建设以及相关深地研究提供重要参考. 相似文献
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人类的生产生活产生的振动会以高频地震波的形式被地震台站所记录。2020年1月,新冠肺炎疫情爆发,为了应对此次疫情,各地政府分别启动应急响应,国内地震记录出现最长、最突出的人为地震降噪期。各地震台站背景噪声显著下降,在人口稠密及工业发达地区尤为明显。同时,静噪期为探测地下地震源的微弱信号提供了可能。静噪期内,佘山地震台2 Hz频点背景噪声功率谱密度值比平时降低10 dB,而大洋山地震台10 Hz频点背景噪声功率谱密度值较平时降低约5 dB;佘山地震台2—10 Hz以及大洋山地震台10 Hz以上频率的背景噪声受静噪期影响明显。结合地震台站所处位置分析,疫情期间佘山地震台附近人口流出较多,2—10 Hz频率的背景噪声变化明显;大洋山地震台背景噪声则受工厂、轮渡、高速汽车等影响较大,f ≥10 Hz的背景噪声变化显著,而频率在2—10 Hz则无明显变化,表明该台人口总数趋于平稳。地震噪声和人类活动之间的相关性表明,地震学研究可以提供实时人口动态估计。 相似文献
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Hydrophone measurements of acoustic noise levels in the Crater Lake of Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand were made on 18 January 1991 from an inflatable rubber boat on the lake. The greatest sound pressures were recorded in the 1–10 Hz band, with sound levels generally decreasing about 20 dB per decade from 10 Hz to 80 kHz. The low frequency noise did not have an obvious relationship to the tremor observed at a seismic station within 1 km of the lake. The comparatively low levels of middle and high frequency sound meant that at the time of measurement, direct steam input did not make a significant contribution to the heating of Crater Lake. This is consistent with the earlier conclusion that during the last decade a major part of the heat input of Crater Lake has come from lake water that was heated below the lake and recycled back into the lake. 相似文献
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F. Chen G.I. Shapiro K.A. Bennett S.N. Ingram D. Thompson C. Vincent D.J.F. Russell C.B. Embling 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):372-383
Shipping noise is a threat to marine wildlife. Grey seals are benthic foragers, and thus experience acoustic noise throughout the water column, which makes them a good model species for a case study of the potential impacts of shipping noise. We used ship track data from the Celtic Sea, seal track data and a coupled ocean-acoustic modelling system to assess the noise exposure of grey seals along their tracks. It was found that the animals experience step changes in sound levels up to ~ 20 dB at a frequency of 125 Hz, and ~ 10 dB on average over 10–1000 Hz when they dive through the thermocline, particularly during summer. Our results showed large seasonal differences in the noise level experienced by the seals. These results reveal the actual noise exposure by the animals and could help in marine spatial planning. 相似文献
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S.E. Pirhonen S. Nurminen U. Luosto H. Korhonen 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,18(2):121-126
This paper deals with the Finnish seismic array, which in its present state consists of two tripartite arrays, HESA and JYSA. The first of these arrays, situated near Helsinki, has been in continuous operation since 1964 and uses analog recording by frequency-modulated telemetry. The JYSA array is sited in central Finland near the town of Jyväskylä. This array consists of three substations equipped with vertical-component SP seismometers. The signals are transmitted by digital FM telemetry in the UHF band and recorded at Helsinki on magnetic tape. Events are detected visually from monitoring drums. The digital data of the events detected are handled by a microprocessor with a graphic display and fed to a Burroughs 6700 analysing computer.Comparison with the NORSAR array indicates that at frequencies below 2 Hz the absolute noise level at JYSA is about 6 dB lower, but above 2 Hz the noise level for single instruments at the two arrays is about the same. As regards detection capability, the incremental threshold is about the same for JYSA as for Hagfors and 0.5 magnitude units higher than for NORSAR, but 0.5 magnitude units lower for JYSA than for the WWSSN station NUR in southern Finland. 相似文献
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Underwater noise pollution has become a major concern in marine habitats. Guanabara Bay, southeastern Brazil, is an impacted area of economic importance with constant vessel traffic. One hundred acoustic recording sessions took place over ten locations. Sound sources operating within 1 km radius of each location were quantified during recordings. The highest mean sound pressure level near the surface was 111.56 ± 9.0 dB re 1 μPa at the frequency band of 187 Hz. Above 15 kHz, the highest mean sound pressure level was 76.21 ± 8.3 dB re 1 μPa at the frequency 15.89 kHz. Noise levels correlated with number of operating vessels and vessel traffic composition influenced noise profiles. Shipping locations had the highest noise levels, while small vessels locations had the lowest noise levels. Guanabara Bay showed noise pollution similar to that of other impacted coastal regions, which is related to shipping and vessel traffic. 相似文献
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Microseismic noise was studied in the frequency range 0.5–30 Hz in the conditions prevailing in the town of Vorkuta. A seismic
noise model was developed consisting of power spectral densities of ground motion velocity separately for daytime and nighttime
in different frequency ranges. The absolute noise level for frequencies of 1–5 Hz in Vorkuta varies between −140 and −150
dB in daytime and from −152 to −158 dB in nighttime, with the ranges for the 8-15 Hz noise being −140 to −155 dB in daytime
and −155 to −165 dB in nighttime. Well-pronounced daily variations in noise amplitude were observed in the frequency ranges
1.5–3 Hz and 14–17 Hz. The noise amplitude varies by 7 dB over 24 hours, with the amplitude of horizontal component variation
being 5 dB above that of the vertical component. The power spectral densities of ground motion velocity in the microseismic
noise involve several spectral peaks, whose central frequencies did not vary by more than 0.15 Hz during the entire period
of instrumental observation. The seismic background in the town of Vorkuta contains seismic events due to distant earthquakes
and local industrial explosions. 相似文献
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利用首都圈数字地震台网接收人工地震信号,进行地下结构研究具有重要意义.但人工震源释放的能量小,激发的地震波以短周期为主,因此本文较全面地研究了地震台网对短周期微弱信号（1～20 Hz）的检测能力：(1) 分析了台网的背景噪声,结果表明基岩台址的地震台噪声比沉积盖层台址的地震台噪声低约13 dB,这相当于近1个震级的检测阈值;夜间的噪声比白天低约5 dB;噪声有逐年增高的趋势,2006年比2001年噪声提高约4 dB.(2 )分析了在台网内进行的药量为25 kg的陆地井下爆破实验,一次爆破相当于0.69级（ML）的天然地震,有18个地震台可辨认爆炸产生的Pg、Pm或Pc波;离爆破点218 km的基岩台,仍可以接收到振幅只有1.6 nm 的Pm波,这个结果可为地震勘探实际工作提供参考.(3) 研究了台网外核爆试验的信号特征,2006年发生在朝鲜的地下核试验是一次检验台网检测微弱信号能力的好机会.波形记录经1～5Hz滤波后,台网中噪声小的18个基岩台可以清晰辨认核爆破产生的P波或Lg波,P波平均振幅为16 nm,计算的平均震级为mb4.3,和NEIC给出的震级相同;分析还表明背景噪声是影响台站信号检测能力的主要因素之一. 相似文献
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Frequency dependent polarization analysis of ambient seismic noise recorded at a broadband seismometer in the central United States 
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下载免费PDF全文 We present a new approach to polarization analysis of seismic noise recorded by three-component seismometers.It is based on statistical analysis of frequency-dependent particle motion properties determined from a large number of time windows via eigenanalysis of the 3-by-3,Hermitian,spectral covariance matrix.We applied the algorithm to continuous data recorded in 2009 by the seismic station SLM,located in central North America.A rich variety of noise sources was observed.At low frequencies (0.05 Hz) we observed a tilt-related signal that showed some elliptical motion in the horizontal plane.In the microseism band of 0.05-0.25 Hz,we observed Rayleigh energy arriving from the northeast,but with three distinct peaks instead of the classic single and double frequency peaks.At intermediate frequencies of 0.5-2.0 Hz,the noise was dominated by non-fundamental-mode Rayleigh energy,most likely P and Lg waves.At the highest frequencies (3 Hz),Rayleigh-type energy was again dominant in the form of Rg waves created by nearby cultural activities.Analysis of the time dependence of noise power shows that a frequency range of at least 0.02-1.0 Hz (much larger than the microseism band) is sensitive to annual,meteorologically induced sources of noise. 相似文献
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High resolution seismic reflection exploration for minerals places severe demands on field practice so as to maximize the signal-to-noise bandwidth. In particular, all horizontally propagating coherent noise, especially ground roll, must be attenuated. The blocking effect of a trench between source and receiver has been investigated by means of two-dimensional physical seismic model experiments. Rectangular, circular and wedge-shaped saw-cuts of various dimensions were studied. The results show that thin rectangular cuts of depth equal to one-quarter of the Rayleigh wave noise wavelength produce a 12 dB or better improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio. Rayleigh wave attenuation is greater than 30 dB at a cut depth of one wavelength. In the field applications envisaged, this corresponds to trenches up to a few metres deep. The trenches should be filled with foam or loose sand to dampen out mode conversion and diffraction noise. There are obvious practical difficulties of implementing such a technique in routine CMP operations. The technical effectiveness of the saw-cut is illustrated by imaging a deeply-buried small hole (diffractor) in an aluminium plate. Without the saw-cut between source and receiver, the seismic record is dominated by Rayleigh wave noise, masking P-wave arrivals from the target diffractor. However, with a saw-cut of depth three-quarters of a Rayleigh wave wavelength, the improvement is dramatic, making it easy to detect and identify the hole. When scaled to the field situation, this is equivalent to imaging a 6 m tunnel at a depth of 400 m, using a surface trench of depth 2 m to block ground roll. 相似文献