共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Devendraa Siingh R. P. Singh Ashok K. Singh M. N. Kulkarni A. S. Gautam Abhay K. Singh 《Surveys in Geophysics》2011,32(6):659-703
The physics of solar forcing of the climate and long term climate change is summarized, and the role of energetic charged
particles (including cosmic rays) on cloud formation and their effect on climate is examined. It is considered that the cosmic
ray-cloud cover hypothesis is not supported by presently available data and further investigations (during Forbush decreases
and at other times) should be analyzed to further examine the hypothesis. Another player in climate is lightning through the
production of NOx; this greenhouse gas, water vapour in the troposphere (and stratosphere) and carbon dioxide influence the global temperature
through different processes. The enhancement of aerosol concentrations and their distribution in the troposphere also affect
the climate and may result in enhanced lightning activity. Finally, the roles of atmospheric conductivity on the electrical
activity of thunderstorms and lightning discharges in relation to climate are discussed. 相似文献
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F. Machado 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1967,30(1):29-34
A remarkable sequence of volcanic eruptions were observed in the Atlantic, during the last 20 years: Hckla in 1947, La Palma in 1949, Fogo in 1951, Fayal in 1957, Tristan da Cunha in 1961, Askja in 1961, Surtsey in 1963 (and possibly San Jorge in 1964). The long-period components of the Earth tide seem to influence the eruptive epochs, acting as trigger-forces. 相似文献
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The Thar Desert dune system in north-west India and eastern Pakistan provides a rich archive of past environmental, geomorphological and climatic change. Much of the knowledge about the timing of dune accumulation in the Thar stems from scattered and sporadic records, based on older luminescence dating protocols. If the Thar dune record is to be incorporated within a growing multiproxy framework of past climate and environmental dynamics, it is necessary to generate a systematic record of the timing of dunefield accumulation. From this, relationships to climate and other drivers of dune activity may then be better established. To this end, an intensive programme of field sampling and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was carried out from a dunefield in the east-central Thar Desert. This study presents the first detailed Holocene dune accumulation history from the region, and sheds light on the development of the multi-generational parabolic dune systems. In contrast to previously published work, we identify the importance of the Holocene and the last millennium as periods with a number of preserved accumulation phases. OSL ages suggest that accumulation was persistent during the early and mid-Holocene (within 11.7-5.5 ka), late Holocene (2-1 ka), as well as two major phases in the last millennium (600 – 200 a and within the last 70 a). Potential drivers of dune mobility in the last century include a strong anthropogenic dimension. Rapid net accumulation is recorded in the last 70 years, with rates varying between 2 and 5 m/year, in an environment where agricultural pressures have increased dramatically with the advent of irrigation schemes expanding into dunefield areas. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Nguyen Ngoc Thuy 《中国地震研究》2002,16(3):268-270
In this paper,a historical review of the seismic network of Vietnam and the ability of the network to monitor earthquakes is presented.The seismic activity of Vietnam as a country of high seismictiy in the last century and since the beginning of the new century is described.The current state of seismological research in Vietnam and cooperation with institutions outside of Vietnam is outlined. 相似文献
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Randy L. Stotler Shaun K. Frape Barry M. Freifeld Brian Holden Tullis C. Onstott Timo Ruskeeniemi Eric Chan 《Ground water》2011,49(3):348-364
Little is known about hydrogeochemical conditions beneath thick permafrost, particularly in fractured crystalline rock, due to difficulty in accessing this environment. The purpose of this investigation was to develop methods to obtain physical, chemical, and microbial information about the subpermafrost environment from a surface‐drilled borehole. Using a U‐tube, gas and water samples were collected, along with temperature, pressure, and hydraulic conductivity measurements, 420 m below ground surface, within a 535 m long, angled borehole at High Lake, Nunavut, Canada, in an area with 460‐m‐thick permafrost. Piezometric head was well above the base of the permafrost, near land surface. Initial water samples were contaminated with drill fluid, with later samples <40% drill fluid. The salinity of the non‐drill fluid component was <20,000 mg/L, had a Ca/Na ratio above 1, with δ18O values ～5‰ lower than the local surface water. The fluid isotopic composition was affected by the permafrost‐formation process. Nonbacteriogenic CH4 was present and the sample location was within methane hydrate stability field. Sampling lines froze before uncontaminated samples from the subpermafrost environment could be obtained, yet the available time to obtain water samples was extended compared to previous studies. Temperature measurements collected from a distributed temperature sensor indicated that this issue can be overcome easily in the future. The lack of methanogenic CH4 is consistent with the high sulfate concentrations observed in cores. The combined surface‐drilled borehole/U‐tube approach can provide a large amount of physical, chemical, and microbial data from the subpermafrost environment with few, controllable, sources of contamination. 相似文献
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Michael J. Rycroft 《Surveys in Geophysics》2007,28(5-6):407-408
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<正>0全球火山活动概况2023年7—9月全球共有63座火山出现活动,其中,警戒级别Ⅰ级的火山15座,警戒级别Ⅱ级的火山23座,警戒级别Ⅲ级的火山25座,无警戒级别Ⅳ级的火山(表1)。从空间分布上看,绝大多数活动火山位于环太平洋火山链上,少数分布在印度洋板块与欧亚板块碰撞带上,个别活动火山处于其他板块交界地带、板块内部(图1)。从国家分布来看,活动火山多集中在美国、印度尼西亚、日本等国, 相似文献
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<正>0全球火山活动概况2022年10—12月全球共有67座火山出现活动,其中,警戒级别Ⅰ级的火山15座,警戒级别Ⅱ级的火山21座,警戒级别Ⅲ级的火山27座,警戒级别Ⅳ级的火山4座(表1)。从空间分布上看,绝大多数活动火山位于环太平洋火山带上,少数分布在地中海火山带西南段,个别活动火山处于板块交汇处和板块内部(图1);从分布国家来看,活动火山多集中在美国、俄罗斯、印度尼西亚、日本等国;“一带一路”沿线有7座火山出现活动,其中,印度尼西亚5座,意大利2座。2022年10—12月全球火山活动水平有所减弱, 相似文献
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太湖梅梁湾中碱性磷酸酶的活性及其与藻类生长的关系 总被引：34，自引：12，他引：22
通过对1998年5月-1999年5月的太湖梅梁湾水体中碱性磷酸酶活性及其它水化学因子的同步实地监测,初步探讨了富营养化较严重的太湖梅梁湾湖区的碱性磷酸酶活性的时空变化规律及其与藻类水华的相关性.研究表明,水体中各种形态磷之间的转化非常快.在磷的循环、转化过程中,碱性磷酸酶的作用至关重要.太湖梅梁湾各采样点水体中碱性磷酸酶的最大反应速率(Vmax)的年际变化有着显著的规律性,各点位在春季(3-4月)及夏季(7-8月)均分别出现峰值,与水体中水华出现的峰值相吻合.尤其在水体中水华暴发前的4月份,各采样点中的碱性磷酸酶的活性急剧增加,其Vmax均为年内的最大值或接近最大值,预示着水体中其它形态磷的转化速率加快,为水华的形成提供了充足的活性磷.水体中特异性碱性磷酸酶活性(总碱性磷酸酶活性/Chl.a)与水体中的PO43-存在着较好的负相关.尤其是在春季相关性更加显著,可达-0.9以上;夏季太湖梅梁湾水华暴发时,水体中的磷酸盐浓度远低于碱性磷酸酶的激发阈值,藻类体中的酶被诱导大量产生,从而使得水体中碱性磷酸酶的数量、活性急剧增加,达到较高的水平.这种短时间的有机质快速降解以及由此导致的营养盐释放,维持了水体中藻类的生长. 相似文献
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Araceli Zamora-Camacho Juan Manuel Espíndola Gabriel Reyes-Dávila 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(1):39-52
Volcán de Colima, the most active volcano in Mexico, had a climactic episode on 20 November, 1998. On this date, a dome formed
on the small summit crater during the previous few days, collapsed generating block-and-ash flows. The event was preceded
by almost twelve months of seismic activity, which continued afterwards for several more months. We analyzed the main seismic
activity, which occurred from 20 March, 1998 to 31 March, 1999. The seismicity was dominated by volcano-tectonic earthquakes
before the climax, and subsequently by hybrid and long-period earthquakes. We determined the frequency of events for the entire
period, and located most of the volcano-tectonic events. To assess the possibility that these earthquakes were generated by
the same source, they were tested for their similitude through cross correlation in the time domain. Six groups of similar
events, or earthquake families, were generated. The members of these families appeared before the 20 November event, apparently
ceasing afterwards. We examined the location of the families' events with respect to an existing gravity model in which an
anomalous body of negative density contrast suggests the presence of the magma chamber. Most of the family events occur on
top of the anomalous body, which suggests they were associated with the passage of magma through the feeding conduits of the
volcano. 相似文献
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Based on the earthquake activity characteristics of the diamond block in the Sichuan-Yunnan region and by using the method of the meso-scope damage dynamics and damage evolution,we studied the damage evolution process for moderately strong earthquakes along two seismicbelts.The original combination patterns of all the units which illuminate the changes from stable state to destroyed state are given.All these patterns can direct the earthquake prediction practice in this region 相似文献
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本目录中的地震参数来自"中国地震台站观测报告"(简称"月报").其中,国内及邻区给出M≥4.7的事件,全球给出M≥6的事件."月报"由中国地震台网中心按月做出. 相似文献
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本目录中的地震参数来自"中国地震台站观测报告"(简称"月报").其中,国内及邻区给出M≥4.7的事件,全球给出M≥6的事件."月报"由中国地震台网中心按月做出. 相似文献